Education Production Function-Session 2 MOEDD.pptx

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1. Education Production Function Session 2 MOEDD

2. Definition An education production function is a statistical technique which summarizes technical relationships between and among inputs and outcomes

3. Definition Strictly defined, a production function, education or otherwise, describes the maximum level of outcome possible from alternative combinations of inputs

4. Rationale for Education Production The attention paid to the input-output analysis of the Coleman Report clearly reflects the direct policy importance of the analysis. Such information is critical not only to "school management," but also to such diverse policy issues as school integration, accountability in schools, and the finance of elementary and secondary schools

5. History Education production function research began some 30 years ago (Coleman et al., 1966; Goodman, 1959; Mollenkoph & Melville, 1956) with attempts to estimate relationships between the resources and achievement levels of students, controlling for the influence of various background traits

6. Sources The approach relies on survey data, quasi-experimental research designs, and multivariate statistical analyses. The education production function represents mathematically the relationship between educational resources and the resulting outcomes

7. Significance of the Function The importance of cognitive achievement as an outcome is without question generally accepted by researchers; however, policymakers and practitioners need a cogent explanation of variables that affect educational inputs and outcomes. The educational process is far more complex than what a single input-output analysis might suggest.

8. Results The results of prior input-output studies indicated that three general input areas are related to student outcomes. These areas include student factors, educator factors, and school factors ( Stariha , 1989). Data representing variables within these factor groups have been used to explain the variance in student outcomes

9. Tool used Multiple linear regression analysis has been the standard statistical tool used in the educational production function analysis

10. Model Theory Output= f(inputs) What is output? Test scores? Which scores? Graduation rates? Multiple outputs? Estimation

11. Model Theory Output= f(inputs) What are the inputs? Think of (pure or general) theory Capital, labor (human capital), energy, materials Think of literature (you have been reading the literature, right?) student teacher ratio teacher salaries per pupil expenditures socio-demographic characteristics other

12. Model Theory Output= f(inputs) What are the inputs? Think of (pure or general) theory Capital, labor (human capital), energy, materials Think of literature (you have been reading the literature, right?) student teacher ratio teacher salaries per pupil expenditures socio-demographic characteristics other

13. Model Theory Output = f(inputs) What is f(.)? Linear non-linear no interactions interactions

14. Model Estimation Multiple outputs separate regressions Seemingly unrelated regressions cross equation restrictions