Educational philosophers

Educational philosophers: John Dewey, Johann Friedrich, Johann Herbart

1. EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES OF THE WORLD’S GREATEST PHILOSOPHERS Ceskie montefalco

2. Friedrich Froebel Father of KindergarTen

3. Born on April 21 st 1782 Froebel was greatly influenced by educators of the time. Jean Rousseau: concept of nature, goodness and naturity of the child Basedow : natural methods of teaching Pestalozzi : natural model of education and elementary school practice John Comenius’ writings especially the descriptions of the school of mother’s knee He was greatly influence by the philosophical idealism and romanticism of the day FRIEDRICH FROEBEL “Father of Kindergarten”

4. AIMS OF EDUCATION “Leading man, as a thinking, intelligent being, growing into self-consciousness, to a pure and unsullied, conscious and free representation of the inner law of divine unity and in teaching him ways, and means thereto.” The Education of Man, 1826

5. SCHOOL CURRICULUM Aim was to lead the child into a knowledge of self, human relations nature and the external world and to God as the divine source and cause of all existence Froebel’s curriculum incorporated principles of self-developed, activity and socialization, whose content was made up of all types of self-expression activities Play was at the core of the curriculum Subjects should possess internal unity and high degree of correlation

6. TEACHING METHOD 1. U se of gifts – an object given given to a child to play with 2. Occupations – were items which the children could use to make what they wished– which help the child to externalize the concepts existing within their mind 3. The games – gave a child a sense of community

7. FROEBEL’S GIFTS

8. True education must help children to understand their true nature as creative beings

9. Moral education Johann Friedrich Herbart

10. Was born on May 4, 1776 Morality is the center of Herbart’s aim. 5 Major ideas of Moral Character Inner Freedom – actions based on one’s personal conviction Perfection – the idea of developing consistency between thoughts and action Benevolence- concern with the welfare of others Justice- the balance between individual desires and group norms Retribution – the idea of reward and punishment for behavior JOHANN FRIEDRICH HERBART

11. Knowledge interest – which was scientific and philosophical Ethical Interest – which is knowledge of how to treat others and social relationships Herbartian Model Preparation – reviewing previous lesson Presentation – the new material is shared with the students Association – the new material is connected with material the students are already familiar with Generalization - the use of example to illustrate the principles Application – assessment of the learning

12. Herbert Spencer “survival of the fittest”

13. Herbert Spencer Educational Theory Theory of value – education should be directed to self preservation, care of offspring, preparing adults to enjoy nature, prepare to be good citizens Theory of knowledge - man can only know from experience Theory of Human Nature – survival of the fittest Theory of Learning – learning as an individual effort; learning should be collaborative;

14. 5. Theory of Transmission – individual to teach self, aided by teachers, books, observation, laboratory work 6. Theory of Society – progress of all kinds should be maximized by societies and government that allow free competition to reign in all spheres of activity ( Social Darwinism) 7. Theory of Opportunity – all young people should be taught, education open to competent children or adults, without fee 8. Theory of Consensus – No beliefs are wholly false, they are true to the point to which they all agree, eliminate the discordant, elements and observe what remains after

15. He did not believe in the public school system. He believed that people in an industrialized society needed a utilitarian education Children should be encourage to explore and explore which would allow them to inquire knowledge naturally The main goal was to teach subjects that would contribute to successful living He wanted private schools to compete with each other

16. John Dewey An American philosopher and educator founder of philosophical movement known as pragmatism

17. JOHN DEWEY The modern father of experiential education What is education? “ I believe that the only true education comes through the stimulation of the child’s powers by the demands of the social situations in which he finds himself. Through these demands he is stimulated to act as a member of a unity, to emerge from his original narrowness, of action and feeling and to conceive of himself from the standpoint of the welfare of the group to which he belongs” Dewey focus in his concept of Instrumentalism

18. What is the role of the School? “ the school is simply that form of community life in which all those agencies are concentrated that will be most effective in bringing the child to share in the inherited resources of the race, and to use his own power for social ends”

19. Curriculum Student-centered curriculum Flexible and Changeable according to child’s interest Reflect social life and social activities

20. Teacher’s Role He believe that teacher should be that of facilitator and guide Teachers are responsible for achieving the goals of the school Learner’s past experience should be taken into account the teaching- learning process, as well as the environment

21. “Education is not preparation of life; education is life itself.” -John Dewey