Educational technology, concept, objectives and scope

Educational technology concept objectives and scope

1. ASSIGNMENT
EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY -
CONCEPT, OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE
Submitted by,
Divya S S
Ist B.Ed Mathematics
Roll No : 18

2. INTRODUCTION
Humanlifehasimprovedtremendouslyasaresultofthegrowthin
scienceandtechnology.Inthisageoftechnologyitsinfluenceisbeing
reflectedinallproductiveendeavors.Educationtoobeingadevelopmental
endeavouraimingatraisingthelevelofproductivityofanationisverymuch
influencedbythedevelopmentoftechnology.Itaimstomaximizetheoutput
inqualityandquantity.Howevertheadvancementintechnologyhascreated
a new economic environment which depends on information and is called as
‘InformationAge’.Technologyisusedtoaccomplishvarioustasksandits
differentformsareusedonadailybasis.Onesuchformwheretechnology
plays an important role is ‘Education Technology’.
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3. TECHNOLOGY
Theadvancementinthefieldofscienceandtechcombinedwithearlier
accesstoinformationtheexpansionofcommunicationhascreatedanimpact
onthesocietalstructure.Industrialisation,Urbanization,rapidtechnological
changes,theerosionofoldsocialstructure,emergenceofnewoneinregard
tothechangesindevelopmentalstrategyhasaffectedthesocialstructureof
developedandundevelopedsocieties.Theuseoftechnologicalgadgetsinthe
teachinglearningprocesshasimprovedthequalityofinstruction.Theword
technologyisderivedfromtheGreekword‘Technic’meaningArtorSkill
and‘Logia’meaningScienceorStudy.ThusTechnologyistheScienceof
studyofanartorskill.Techisthesetofinstrumentsandskillswhichare
usedtosatisfytheneedsofthecommunity.Techistheapplicationof
scientific knowledge to a practical purpose.
HierraA,(1973)-Technologyisthesetofinstrumentsandskillswhichare
used to satisfy the needs of the community.
Sachs I, (1973)- Technology is knowledge organizedfor production.
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
EducationalTechnologyisasystemoffiveM’s.Itisasystemin
educationinwhichmachines,materials,mediamenandmethodsare
interrelatedandworkedtogetherforthefulfilmentofspecificeducational
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4. objectives.Thetermcanbetakentomeantwothings–introducing
technologicalinnovationsinthefieldofeducationortechnologizing
educationtooptimiselearningendeavours.'TechnologyExplosion'has
yieldedseveralnewmachines,materialsandmediawhichhavegreat
potentialforuseintheeducationalenterprise.Ajudicioususeofthese
togetherwithnewfunctionsandrolesofeducationalpersonnelcanbring
aboutmoreefficientandeffectiveteaching-learning.Anadequateknowledge
oftheoryandpracticesofeducationaltechnologyandtheirproperusewould
enabletheteachertounderstandandeffectivelydischargehisnewrolesinthe
educationalsysteminanageof‘informationexplosion’,'knowledge
explosion', 'population explosion’ and 'expectation Explosion'.
Educationaltechnologyisanappliedorpracticalstudywhichaimsat
maximisingeducationaleffectsby"controlling"suchrelevantfactorsas
educationalpurposes,educationalcontent,teachingmaterials,educational
environment,conductofstudents,behaviourofinstructorsandinterrelations
betweenstudentsandinstructors.Itisabranchofstudyinwhichtheresults
ofengineeringtechniques,informationscience,naturalsciences,behavioural
sciencesandhumantechnologyaretobeusedtopromotetheefficiencyof
education.Inpractice,theschooltreasuryandadministration,theschooland
classroommanagementandtheworkofinstruction(intellectualeducation,
moral education, counselling) all can make use of educational technology.
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5. Meaning of Educational Technology
The term educational technology has three broad connotations:
Educational Technology 1 (ET 1)
➢Referstotheapplicationofphysicalscienceandengineering
technologytoprovidemechanicalorelectro-mechanicaltools,
instrumentationor'hardware'whichcanbeusedforinstructional
purposes.
➢ViewgivenbyJames0.Finnandothers(1960)forthe'audio-visual
education' movement and by the electronic communication industry.
➢Generallyreferstotheuseofequipmentforpresentinginstructional
material such as
●still and motion picture projectors (silent and sound)
●tape-recorders (including language laboratory)
●television
●teaching machines
●Computer-based teaching
Educational Technology 2 (ET 2)
➢Refers to the application of scientific principles to instruction
➢Refers to the application of scientific principles to instructions
➢Includes psychological principles of learning
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6. Educational Technology 3 (ET 3)
➢View of Davis and Hartley (1972)
➢Incorporates both ET1 and ET2
➢Asysteminwhichmachines,materials,media,menandmethodsare
interrelatedpartsandareorganisedtoworktogetherforthefulfilment
of specific educational objectives.
➢Educationaltechnology,accordingtothisview,impliesplanning,
implementingandevaluatingasystemineducationaccordingto
scientific principles so as to best achieve the educational objectives.
Definitions
“Educationaltechnologyisanapplicationofscientificknowledge
about learning to practical learning situation.” –J. Bloomer (1973)
“EducationalTechnologyisthedevelopment,applicationand
evaluationofsystems,techniquesandaidstoimprovetheprocessofhuman
learning’. –National Council of Educational Technology,U.K. (1967)
“EducationalTechnologycanbeconceivedasascienceoftechniques
andmethodsbywhicheducationalgoalscouldberealised’’.–Shiv
K. Mitra (1968)
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7. NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OFEDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY
➢Is the application of scientific principles to education
➢Stressesonthedevelopmentofmethodsandtechniquesforeffective
teaching –learning.
➢Stressestheorganisationoflearningsituationsfortheeffective
realisation of the goals of education
➢Emphasisesthedesigningandmeasuringinstrumentsfortesting
learning outcomes
➢Facilitates learning by controlling environment, media and methods
➢Involves input, process and output aspects of education
➢It is not confined to the use of electronic media in education
➢An important medium of instruction
➢It is not to be taken as a synonym to the visual aids in education.
PRINCIPLES OF EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY
BuildCommunity:Theschoolshouldbringalllearnerstogetherintoa
supportivecommunitythatnurturesboththeindividualandthegroup.The
communityshouldpermeateallpossiblespaces,intheclassroom,inthe
home and Online.
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8. EncouragesCriticalThinking:Theschoolshouldactivelyencourage
learnerstothinkcritically,continuallyaskingthequestion,“Whydowe
teach, what we teach”
RewardRiskTaking:Theschoolshouldactivelyencouragelearnerstorisk
failure in the pursuit of understanding.
FocusonallLearners:Theschoolshouldsurroundthelearnerwithideas
andinformation,encouragingthelearnertopursueawidevarietyofpathsto
knowledge,andsupportingthepersonalgrowthforallwhoinhabitthe
community.
ValueDiversity:Theschoolshouldactivelyencourageandvaluetheinputof
thosebothinsideandoutsidethecommunitywithadiversityofopinionsand
experiences.Theschoolshouldconsistentlycheckthatisinclusiveand
supportive of learners from diverse backgrounds.
Nurturealllearners:Theschoolshouldprovideopportunitiesand
encouragementforallmembersofthecommunityincludingteachers,
students and parents to learn and grow.
PursueInnovation:Theschoolshouldactivelyexplore,pursueandassess
newideasandtechnologies,whilealwayskeepingthelearnerattheheartof
the pursuit.
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9. Breakdownthewalls:Theschoolshouldprovideaccessandopportunities
forlearnerstoreachoutsidethewallsoftheschooltotheneighbouring,
national and global community.
FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
➢Identifying educational goals and objectives of the community
➢Developing appropriate curriculum for achieving the stipulated goals
➢Analysing the process of teaching and learning
➢Developing suitable teaching-learning material
➢Selectinganddevelopingproperteachingstrategiesforobtaining
optimum results
➢Developing and selecting appropriate audio-visual aids
➢Utilising effectively the hardware and software media
➢Providing essential feedback and control through evaluation
➢Training teachers to use new technologies of teaching
OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
➢As per Hillard Jason:
○Transmitting information
○Serving as role methods
○Assisting in specific skills
○Provision of feedback
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10. ➢As per Mackenzie et al.:
○To reach out to more students
○To improve learning materials
○To allow independent study
○To permit/allow student response
Macro level objectivesMicro level objectives
Educational needs of communityEducational needs of students
Broad strategies and aims of
education
Specific classroom objectives
Developing suitable curriculum,
integrity, arts, human values and
science
Analysing and organising
instructional material
Developingcertainmodelsto
enhance
teaching – learning process
Available teaching learning
resource/material
Identification of constraints in the
environments and ways to tackle
them
Instruction and methodologies based
students, teachers, available learning
material etc.
Assisting in extended vocational
opportunities to the masses
Effective classroom teaching based
on students’ performance
Effective classroom teaching based
on students’ performance
Management of entire educational
system covering planning,
implementation and evaluation of
students and teachers
Modification in teaching learning
processes based on appropriate
feedback
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11. SCOPE OF EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY
Thescopeofeducationaltechnologyrangesfromtheconcrete
educationalprocesstothemostabstractandsubtleoneswhichincludesthe
useofhardware,softwareandsystemanalysisinvariouseducational
operations. The major scopes of educational technology are as
follows:
➢To analyse the process of teaching and learning
➢For spelling out the educational objectives
➢Forthedevelopmentofcoursecontent,curriculum,thedevelopmentof
teaching learning material and national objectives of education
➢In training teachers
➢For the development, selection and use of appropriate audio-visual aids
➢The effective utilization of the hardware mass media
➢Tostudyevaluationofthesoftwarepreparedforeducationofa
particular population of the learner.
➢Toinnovatedifferentkindsofappliedresearchesforeffective
communication
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12. CONCLUSION
EducationalTechnologyisaswideasEducationitself.Educational
Technologyimpliestheuseofalleducationalresources–Men,Materials,
MethodsandTechniques,MeansandMediainanintegratedandsystematic
mannerforoptimizedlearning.Educationaltechnologyisawidefield.
Therefore,onecanfindmanydefinitions,someofwhichareconflicting.
Educationaltechnologycanbeconsideredeitherasadesignscienceorasa
collectionofdifferentresearchinterestsaddressingfundamentalissuesof
learning, teaching and social organization.
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13. REFERENCE
●Education Technology: Meaning and Definition - SlideShare
https://www.slideshare.net/vazhichal12/educational-technology-168675
752
●Meaning and Scope of Educational Technology - WikiEducator
https://wikieducator.org/Meaning_and_Scope_of_Educational_Technol
ogy
●Educational technology - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_technology
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