Effect of Drugs on BP using CAL(Dr Shreedhar Angadi).pptx

This presentation, “Effects of Drugs on Blood Pressure Using CAL (Computer-Assisted Learning)”, is an in-depth educational tool crafted to provide a clear and practical understanding of the effects of various drugs on blood pressure. Using the state-of-the-art Expharm Series software, this resource bridges theoretical pharmacology with real-world applications through interactive simulations and data analysis.

Overview of the Presentation:
The slides offer a systematic exploration of how different drug classes affect blood pressure by modifying physiological parameters like cardiac output, vascular tone, and neurohormonal control. Designed for medical students, educators, and healthcare professionals, this presentation emphasizes computer-assisted learning as a revolutionary method in pharmacology education.

Key Sections Covered
1. Introduction to Computer-Assisted Learning (CAL):
Definition and significance of CAL in pharmacology education.
Overview of Expharm Series software as a versatile tool for virtual pharmacological experiments.
2. Basics of Blood Pressure Regulation:
Anatomy and physiology of blood pressure control, including the roles of the heart, blood vessels, and autonomic nervous system.
Hormonal influences like the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).
Importance of pharmacological modulation in managing blood pressure-related disorders.
3. Drug Classes Impacting Blood Pressure:
Comprehensive classification with examples, including:
Beta-blockers: E.g., propranolol, atenolol.
ACE inhibitors: E.g., enalapril, captopril.
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs): E.g., losartan.
Calcium channel blockers: E.g., amlodipine, diltiazem.
Diuretics: E.g., furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide.
Vasopressors: E.g., adrenaline, noradrenaline.
Vasodilators: E.g., sodium nitroprusside, hydralazine.
4. Simulation-Based Learning:
Step-by-step demonstration of simulated experiments using Expharm Series software.
Interpretation of graphical data representing systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure changes.
Study of dose-response relationships and cumulative effects of drugs.
5. Clinical Relevance:
Application of pharmacological principles in real-life scenarios, such as:
Management of hypertension and hypertensive crises.
Use of vasopressors in hypotension and shock.
Selection of antihypertensive drugs based on patient-specific conditions.
Discussion of side effects and potential adverse reactions related to cardiovascular drugs.
6. Educational Impact of CAL:
Enhanced understanding of complex pharmacological concepts through interactive learning.
Reduced dependency on animal experiments while maintaining educational outcomes.
Development of critical thinking and analytical skills in interpreting data.
Download this presentation to discover how technology and pharmacology converge to create an engaging and effective learning experience.

1. Demonstrate the effects of drugs on blood pressure(vasopressor and vasodepressors with appropriate blockers) using computer aided learning By Dr Shreedhar Angadi Junior Resident - 2 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics King George’s Medical University, Lucknow

2. Learning Objectives : Blood pressure regulation mechanisms Receptors and their functions Vasopressors and Vasodepressors Pharmacological action of drugs on BP and HR Vasomotor reversal of dale Reversal action of acetylcholine on blood pressure Demonstration of effect of drugs on BP using ex-pharm series software

3. Blood Pressure Regulation Mechanisms: 1.Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Sympathetic response: V asoconstriction Parasympathetic response: V asodilation

4. 2.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

5. 3.Baroreceptor Reflex

6. Receptors and their functions 1)Adrenergic Receptors α 1 : Vasoconstriction & BP β 1 : HR & Myocardial contractility β 2 : Vasodilation & BP 2)Muscarinic receptors M 2 : HR & BP 3)Histamine Receptors H1 : Vasodilation (Immediate) of smaller vessels BP H2 : Vasodilation (Gradual) of larger vessels

7. Vasopressors BP Examples : Adrenaline, noradrenaline. Mechanisms : Alpha adrenergic effects vasoconstriction BP Beta adrenergic effects cardiac output BP

8. Vasodepressors BP Examples : ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers. Mechanisms : Vasodilation via ACE inhibition or calcium channel blockade. Inhibit vasoconstrictor pathways like RAAS.

9. 1.Pharmacological Action of Epinephrine on BP Stimulation of Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Receptors : α β 1 β 2 Blood Pressure Response : Biphasic Heart Rate Changes: HR ( Reflex Bradycardia ) Dose Range : 1 - 3 μ g/kg

10. 2.Pharmacological Action of Norepinephrine on BP Dose Range: 2 - 5 μ g/kg Stimulation of Alpha and Beta-1 Adrenergic Receptors Blood Pressure Response : BP Heart Rate Changes: HR ( Reflex Bradycardia )

11. ** 3.Pharmacological Action of Isoprenaline Dose Range: 2 - 5 μ g/kg Non-selective beta adrenergic agonist. Stimulation of Beta Adrenergic Receptors: β 1 β 2 Blood Pressure Response: SBP : DBP: Heart Rate Changes: MAP :

12. 4.Pharmacological Action of Acetylcholine Dose Range: 2 -10 μ g/kg Action on Muscarinic Receptors (M2) Blood Pressure Response: Heart Rate Changes:

13. 5.Pharmacological Action of Histamine Dose Range: 2 μ g/kg Action on H1 and H2 Receptors Blood Pressure Response: Heart Rate Changes: ( Reflex Tach ycardia )

14. 6.Pharmacological Action of Ephedrine Dose Range: 100-200 μ g/kg Stimulation of Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Receptors : α β 1 β 2 Blood Pressure Response : Heart Rate Changes:

15. 7.Pharmacological Action of Phentolamine Dose: 1000 μ g/kg Action as an Alpha Blocker . Blood Pressure Response: Heart Rate Changes: ( Reflex Tach ycardia )

16. 8.Pharmacological Action of Propranolol Dose: 1000 μ g/kg Action as a Beta Blocker ( β 1 & β 2). Blood Pressure Response: Heart Rate Changes: ( - ve Chronotropic effect )

17. 9.Pharmacological Action of Atropine Dose Range: 500-1000 μ g/kg Action as a Muscarinic Antagonist: Blocks the effects of acetylcholine ( ACh ) at muscarinic receptors. Blood Pressure Response: Minimal Impact Heart Rate Changes: ( + ve Chronotropic effect )

18. 10.Pharmacological Action of Mepyramine Dose: 5000 μ g/Kg Action as a Histamine H1 Antagonist Effect on Blood Pressure : Mild BP Effect on Heart Rate : Minimal Impact

19. 11.Pharmacological Action of Cimetidine Dose: 5000 μ g/kg Action as an H2 Blocker Effect on Blood Pressure: Mild BP Effect on Heart Rate: Minimal Impact

20. VASOMOTOR REVERSAL OF DALE Normally, apha1 Increase BP Beta 2 receptor Decrease BP Biphasic Response High dose of Adrenaline + Alpha 1 blocker Only Beta 2 receptor activation Decrease in BP

21. Reversal Action of Acetylcholine on Blood Pressure Vasodilation via Muscarinic Receptors: - Acetylcholine (Ach) stimulates muscarinic receptors (M receptors) leading to vasodilation. Experimental Reversal : - Administering Ach receptor antagonists ( Atropine ) reverses vasodilation, causing vasoconstriction and increasing blood pressure.

22. Computer Assisted Learning(CAL) CAL provide an interactive and personalized learning experience and thus promote active and self-directed learning. CAL is good alternative for animal experiments . Most commonly used computer assisted learning (CAL) software’ in pharmacology : Ex-Pharm Series Software (Experimental Pharmacology)

23. References: Tripathi, K. D. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology. 8th ed., Jaypee Brothers Medical, 2018. K Sembulingam , Dr & Sembulingam , Dr. (2016). Essentials of Medical Physiology. Seventh Edition, 2016. Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 13e Eds. Laurence L. Brunton, et al. McGraw-Hill Education, 2017. Ex-Pharm Series Software (heb-nic.in)

24. THANK YOU