Effect_of_Water_Pollution_on_Human_Health.pptx

Effect of water pollution on human health

1. Effect of Water Pollution on Human Health Presented by: [Your Name] Institution: [Your College/Department Name]

2. Introduction Water is essential for life, but contamination poses a global threat. WHO estimates that 2 billion people use contaminated drinking water. Water pollution includes biological, chemical, and physical contamination. Major sources: industrial waste, sewage, agricultural runoff, and urbanization.

3. Types of Water Pollution Biological: Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, parasites. Chemical: Pesticides, heavy metals (lead, mercury, arsenic), nitrates. Physical: Plastic waste, sediments, temperature changes, oil spills.

4. Causes of Water Pollution Industrial discharge into rivers and lakes. Agricultural runoff containing fertilizers and pesticides. Sewage and domestic waste improperly treated. Oil spills and marine dumping. Urban stormwater carrying pollutants.

5. Common Pollutants Heavy metals (lead, mercury, arsenic) – nervous system damage, cancer. Microorganisms (E. coli, cholera, typhoid) – diarrhea, dehydration. Nitrates – blue baby syndrome. Industrial chemicals – liver/kidney damage.

6. Waterborne Diseases Cholera – Vibrio cholerae Typhoid – Salmonella typhi Dysentery – Shigella species Hepatitis A & E – viral infections Giardiasis, Cryptosporidiosis – protozoal infections

7. Health Effects of Chemical Pollutants Arsenic: skin lesions, cancer, cardiovascular disease. Lead: developmental delays, neurological damage. Mercury: affects brain and kidneys. Nitrates: methemoglobinemia (blue baby syndrome). Pesticides: endocrine disruption, reproductive problems.

8. Long-Term Health Impacts Chronic exposure leads to cancers (skin, bladder, liver). Organ failure (kidney, liver). Reproductive issues. Neurological disorders. Immune system suppression.

9. Impact on Vulnerable Populations Children: higher risk due to low immunity. Pregnant women: risk of birth defects and miscarriages. Elderly: reduced tolerance to toxins. Rural communities: limited access to clean water sources.

10. Environmental & Socioeconomic Impact Decline in aquatic biodiversity. Reduced agricultural productivity. Economic burden due to healthcare costs. Unsafe water supply discourages tourism and development.

11. Prevention and Control Measures Proper treatment of sewage and industrial waste. Use of eco-friendly agricultural practices. Regular water quality monitoring. Promotion of rainwater harvesting. Public awareness and education campaigns. Government regulation and enforcement.

12. Role of Health Professionals Educate communities about safe water practices. Participate in screening and early detection of waterborne diseases. Promote sanitation and hygiene (WASH programs). Advocate for safe water policies and environmental protection.

13. Global & National Initiatives WHO’s Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH) program. UN Sustainable Development Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation. National Rural Drinking Water Programme (India). Jal Jeevan Mission.

14. Conclusion Water pollution directly affects human survival and well-being. Safe water is a basic human right and a public health priority. Collective efforts at individual, community, and government levels are essential.

15. References World Health Organization (WHO), 2024. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).