ELASTICITY AND IT’S APPLICATION IN FIELD OF ENGINEERING.pptx

Easy to understand presentation on elasticity with informative pictures and detailed explanation with simple words.

1. ELASTICITY AND IT’S APPLICATION IN FIELD OF ENGINEERING

2. INTRODUCTION Elasticity is the ability of a deformed material body to return to its original shape and size when the forces causing the deformation are removed. A body with this ability is said to behave (or respond) elastically. For example :- The property of the body like quartz , bronze, etc. are perfectly elastic in nature.

3. ELASTIC LIMIT The elastic limit is the maximum stress or force per unit area within a solid material that can arise before the onset of permanent deformation. For most brittle materials, stresses beyond the elastic limit result in fracture with almost no plastic deformation.

4. STRESS The deforming force or restoring force per unit area is called stress i.e. Stress = Stress = It is a scalar quantity and its SI unit is . Its dimension formula is [ ]  

5. TYPES OF STRESS Normal Stress :- The deforming force per unit area acting perpendicular to it is called normal stress Tangential Stress (shear stress) :- The stress in which force is applied tangentially in two opposite forces and which change only shape but not volume is called shear stress.

6. STRAIN T he radio of change in configuration to the original configuration is called strain. Types of strain: Longitudinal stress (Tensile stress) :- The radio of change in length to the original length is called Longitudinal strain. i.e Tensile stress =  

7. Types of Strain Bulk Strain :- The ratio of change in volume to the original volume is called Volumetric Strain. i.e. Volumetric Strain = Shear strain:- When a body is subjected to shear stress then angle between vertical faces at displaced position and original position is called shear stress. i.e. Shear strain =angle of deviation from the original position = 0 For small angles tan so, =  

8. HOOKE’S LAW It states that “ Within elastic limit the elongation produce in a body is directly proportional to the deforming force applied to it.If ‘F’ is the deforming force applies for elongation ‘e’, then by Hooke’s law : F e or, F = ke …..( i ) , Where K is known as force constant we get K =  

9. HOOKE’S LAW Continued… So, the force constant is defined as the restoring force setup per unit change in configuration in the body, eqn ( i ) can be written as, where A is area of cross-section and let e is the change in length of the body so, Where ‘l’ is the length of the body, here is a constant for a given body. We know , is a stress and is strain So, Stress = constant x strain  

10. APPLICATION OF ELASTICITY IN FIELD OF ENGINEERING Elasticity is mainly used in Civil Engineering. It is mostly used in the field of architect of buildings, bridges, etc. During the design process, engineers select materials to use in their designs. These materials must be able to withstand the forces that the device or structure is expected to experience and must be compatible in the environment that the device or structure will operate in. The materials that engineers select are key to the success or failure of designs. To ensure correct functioning, engineers must understand the properties of the materials selected for the device as well as the properties of the surrounding materials that the device will be interacting with. The mechanical properties of materials play a very vital role in everyday life.

11. APPLICATION OF ELASTICITY IN FIELD OF ENGINEERING The elastic behavior is one such property which especially decides the structural design of the columns and beams of a building. A bridge has to be designed in such a way that it should have the capacity to withstand the load of the flowing traffic, the force of winds, and even its own weight. while constructing a crane used to lift loads, it is kept in mind that the extension of the rope does not exceed the elastic limit of rope. To overcome the problem of bending under force the elastic behaviour of the material used must be considered primarily.