Elevator - History, Type, Classification & Case Study

History, type and classification of Elevators with a brief case study.

1. ELEVATORELEVATOR
A DETAILED REVIEW ONA DETAILED REVIEW ON
GROUP NAME:GROUP NAME:
RHEA SAINIRHEA SAINI
JANAKIRAMJANAKIRAM
MD. AQIBMD. AQIB
GANESHGANESH
ALOK SRI VASTAVALOK SRI VASTAV
CHARAN REDDYCHARAN REDDY
ARSHINA AKHTERARSHINA AKHTER
HARSHITA SARAFHARSHITA SARAF

2. 236 b.c. 1743
Archimedes invented an elevator
that functioned with hoisting ropes
around a drum. The Colosseum had
around 28-30 lifts to travel up
animals through 23 ft. tall wooden
shaft. It could carry about 270 kgs
at once and required about 8 men
to push & pull.
1800 1854 1900
Primitive Elevator
The Flying Chair
HISTORY OF
ELEVATORS
The earliest passenger elevator was
located outside the palace of King
Louis XV. It connected the king’s
quarters to those of his mistress.
Men stationed inside a chimney
operated the Flying Chair using
ropes and pulleys to raise and lower
the elevator.
Industrial Evolution
Elevators were operated with steam
powers to move goods in bulk.
Later, the hydraulic elevator was
invented by William Armstrong in
1846. A water pump supplied a
variable level of water pressure to a
plunger encased inside a vertical
cylinder to raise a platform.
Safety Hoist
The elevators operating on cable
systems were rarely favored with no
safeguards, if the cables broke, the
car would drop to the ground. Given
the unreliable nature of earlier
elevators, Elisha Otis came up with
a safety device that worked as a
brake if rope broke.
Electric Elevators
In 1880, Werner von Siemens
invented the world’s first electrical
elevator. In 1887, Alexander Miles
designed an elevator that would
open and close its doors and shaft
doors automatically. Multi-speed
motors soon replaced the original
single-speed models, and push-
button controls came to existence.
S S

3. TYPES OF
ELEVATORS
Most commonly used lifts in
buildings are designed to carry
from one floor to another.
Main means of transportation
installed in high-rise buildings,
hospitals, offices, etc.
Generally, the center opening
doors are preferred.
PASSENGER LIFT
These are small-sized elevators
used to transport food,
documents, and other small
items.
The control system depends
upon the number of floors to be
served.
SERVICE LIFT
Specialized for healthcare
facilities, efficiently transporting
patients, staff, and equipment
between floors.
Built larger to accommodate
stretchers & wheelchairs,
accessible with wide doors.
The lift shafts shall be situated
near wards & OTs.
HOSPITAL LIFT
These are placed in places
where elevator has to be
installed for elevation and for
observation purpose.
CAPSULE LIFT
These lifts use hydraulic powers
to move the lift platform up and
down. Motion is obtained from
liquid under pressure. It may
use water or oil.
They are commonly used in
automotive shops and industrial
settings in low rise buildings at
moderate speed.
HYDRAULIC LIFT
These lifts are used for carrying
goods and heavy loads.
They’re commonly used in
industrial and the commercial
settings.
The more the capacity the
lesser the speed recommended.
FREIGHT LIFT

4. COMPONENTS
OF ELEVATOR
The space is enclosed by fireproof
walls and elevator doors for the
travel of one or more elevators,
dumbwaiters, or material lifts.
These should be made of RCC at
least 15cm thick and of fire
resistance of not less than 2 hours.
HOIST WAY OR SHAFT
The machine room is meant for
keeping al lift dive and control
apparatus.
It should be placed as far as possible
immediately above the lift well to
reduce the load.
MACHINE ROOMS
It varies with car speed and load
which increases with increasing
speed.
minimum depth should be 1.6m,
when it exceeds 1.6m, a 0.7m
ladder should be provided.
Waterproofing should be done.
LIFT PIT
Defined as the distance between the
FFL of the last landing and the
bottom of the machine room.
Minimum height should be about
4.8m and might vary as per speed &
load.
OVERHEADS
Weights attach to one end of the
rope to counter the balance of the
weight of the lift car and the rated
load of the car.
Defined as: Counter Weight =
Empty Cage + 40-50% of Counter
Weight.
COUNTERWEIGHT
Guide Rails provides track for the
car and the counter weight keeping
them in their respective position.
Buffers are fixed on the floor of the
lift pit to reduce the impact on the
lift car due to its overrun or failure
of the governing rope.
GUIDE RAILS & BUFFERS

5. CASE STUDY :
PVP MALL, VIJAYAWADA
PVP Mall, situated in Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh,
India, serves as a bustling hub for shopping and
entertainment.
The mall is spread in an area of 2,20,000 square feet.
The elevation rises to 6 floors with 3 level clutter free
basement parking.

6. LAYOUTS
FREIGHT LIFTS : Freight elevators are designed
to move goods and materials throughout a building.
PASSENGER LIFTS

7. FREIGHT LIFTS
PASSENGER LIFTS
FREIGHT LIFT
V
LAYOUTS

8. The functioning of the elevators can be
differentiated by its usage given below:
1.Passenger elevators(used by visitors,
staff, employees)
2.Freight elevators(transporting goods)
USAGE
The design and zoning of the mall provides for two
diagonally positioned elevator groups on the top-left
and bottom-right corners ie, two and four-car groups
respectively.
PLACEMENT
2-Car group: Since the freight elevators are being utilised
to transport goods and help in efficient loading and
unloading of supplies, their zoning is done alongside the
service amenities of the mall(eg: washrooms, garbage
room, janitor room).
This group is found only on the first four floors.
ZONING
4-Car group: The remaining one freight lift and 3
passenger lifts connect all 6 floors of the mall.
Two inter-connected lobbies are provided to create a
distinguished spacial zone for the passenger and freight
lifts, where the former opens directly into the mall and the
latter is adjoined to a staircase running through all floors.
ZONING
SPECIFICATIONS

9. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
• Utility - passengers and goods
• ⁠Capacity & number of lifts : 8-10people; 6 lifts
• Speed : 200-500ft/min(commercial)
• Type & size of lift gate : sliding door(automatic); 1000mm width
PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS
• Size of lift shaft : 6M.SQ(2.4M x 2.4M)
• Depth of lift shaft : 3.5Mx 6 = 21
• Area of space in lift : 3M.SQ
• Mechanical room size : 14M.SQ
OTHER REQUIREMENTS
• Electrical panels and power outlets.
• Ventilation fan and lighting in engine room.
• Steps down and power sockets in the wells lift (lift pit).
• The structure for lifting the machinery room.
• Maintanence works.SELECTION
FACTOR