Energy Conversation for saving Electricity.ppt

Energy

1. ENERGY
CONSERVATION
AN OVERVIEW
By Subodh Pandey DGM/E

2. The Electricity Act, 2003
•Only 55% households in India have access to
electricity.
•Electricity Act, 2003 seeks to bring about a
qualitative transformation of the electricity
sector through a new paradigm.

3. The Electricity Act, 2003
•The Act seeks to create liberal framework of development
for the power sector by distancing Government from
regulation.
•It replaces the three existing legislations, namely, Indian
Electricity Act, 1910, the Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948 and
the Electricity Regulatory Commissions Act, 1998.
•Provision for license free generation and distribution in the
rural areas.
•Distribution licensees would be free to undertake
generation and generating companies would be free to
take up distribution businesses.

4. Energy Conservation Act 2001
•Devisingspecificstrategiesforcreationof
awarenessamongindustrial,agricultural,
commercial,anddomesticconsumersof
energy.
•Making available adequate financial
resources for promotion of energy
conservation.
•Establishment of a regime of fiscal and
financial incentives an disincentives.
•Formation of BEE.

5. Bureau of Energy Efficiency
•Provide a policy framework and direction to national
energy conservation activities
•Coordinate policies and program on efficient use of
energy with shareholders
•Establish systems and procedures to verify, measure
and monitor Energy Efficiency (EE) improvements
•Leverage multilateral, bilateral and private sector support
to implement the EC Act 2001
•Demonstrate EE delivery systems through public-private
partnerships

6. Energy Conservation Building
Code
•Launched by BEE 27th May 2007

7. Energy Conservation Building
Code
•Initially, implementation of the codes will be voluntary but will be
made mandatory soon under the Energy Conservation Act 2001 for
the buildings having connected load of 500 kw or more.
•The implementation of the codes will reduce energy consumption
from 25% to 40% and will yield annual saving of about 1.7 billion units.
•
The codes sets a minimum efficiency standards for external wall, roof,
glass structure, lighting, heating, ventilation and air conditioning of
the commercial buildings in all the five climatic zones in the country.
•The State Government will have the flexibility to amend these codes
to suit local or regional needs and notify them accordingly.

8. Other World Class Standards &
Procedures
•NBC guidelines
•ASHRAE 90.1 2004 / ECBC (Energy)
•ASHRAE 62 2004 (Indoor Air Quality)
•IPMVP (For monitoring performance)
•SMACNA (For Construction IAQ)

9. •Life on earth is made possible by energy from the sun, which arrives
mainly in the form of visible light.
•About 30 per cent of sunlight is scattered back into space by the
outer atmosphere, but the rest reaches the earth's surface, which
reflects it in the form of a calmer, more slow-moving type of energy
called infrared radiation.
•(This is the sort of heat thrown off by an electric grill before the bars
begin to grow red.)
•Infrared radiation is carried slowly aloft by air currents, and its
eventual escape into space is delayed by greenhouse gasessuch
as water vapour, carbon dioxide, ozone, and methane.
The Greenhouse Effect and the Carbon Cycle

10. The Greenhouse Effect and the Carbon Cycle

11. The Greenhouse Effect and the Carbon Cycle

12. •The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)
is a non-profit organization committed to
expanding sustainable building practices.
U.S. Green Building Council

13. LEED® Green Building Rating
System™
•LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design) is a voluntary, consensus-based
national rating system for developing high-
performance, sustainable buildings.Developed
by USGBC, LEED addresses all building types
and emphasizes state-of-the-art strategies for
sustainable site development, water savings,
energy efficiency, materials and resources
selection, and indoor environmental quality.

14. INDIAN GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL
In the same line as USGBC, IGBC has also been formed with its office at CII-
Godrej Green Business Centre, Survey no.64, Kothaguda Cross, Near Hi-Tec
city Hyderabad-500 032. IGBC gives LEED India rating to the Indian Green
building projects. The ratings are of the following types:
• LEED Certified Platinum Level
• LEED Certified Gold Level
• LEED Certified Silver level
• LEED Certified

15. The United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change
•UNFCCC was adopted in 1992. The Convention entered into force on 21
March 1994.
•TheConvention on Climate Change sets an overall framework for
intergovernmental efforts to tackle the challenge posed by climate change.
•The Convention enjoys near universal membership, with 192 countries
including India.

16. KYOTO Protocol
•Kyoto Protocol was adopted at third conference of UNFCCC at Kyoto Japan
on 11
th
December 1997. Though some of the nations did not ratified it, it
came in to force in 16 February 2005.
•HIGHLIGHTS
•As per this Developed Nations shall cut GHG emission for 5% against
baseline of 1990 in five years from 2008.
•To give flexibility protocol developed three innovative Mechanism known
as—
•Emission trading
•Joint Implementation
•Clean Development Mechanism
•These mechanism help to identify low cost opportunities to reduce emission
and attract private sector participation.

17. United Nations Climate Change Conference
-Bali, 3 -14 December 2007
United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon addressing delegates at the opening of the High-Level segment
The Conference, hosted by the Government of Indonesia, is taking place at the Bali
International Convention Centre and brings together representatives of over 180 countries
together with observers from intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, and the
media. The two week period includes the sessions of the Conference of the Parties to the
UNFCCC, its subsidiary bodies as well as the Meeting of the Parties of the Kyoto Protocol. A
ministerial segment in the second week will conclude the Conference.

18. Features of a Green Buildings
•Effective Use of soil & Landscapes
•Efficient Use of Water
•Energy Efficient & Eco Friendly Equipment
•Effective Control & Building Management
Systems
•Use of Renewable Energy
•Use of Recycled/Recyclable Materials
•Improved indoor air quality for health and
comfort

19. CDM (Clean Development
Mechanics)
•The CDM can be termed a mechanism which helps address the
issues of global climate change through a market-based concept.
•The CDM would allow Annex I countries to work with other countries
to reduce emissions through projects consistent with local
development needs, and gain credits from such actions.
•It was suggested that, at the end of each budget period, any Annex I
Party failing to maintain its emissions within its ceiling should
compensate for its failure by paying penalties to a “Clean
Development Fund.” This would be done according to a scale which
fixes the contribution in direct proportion to the extent of the
country’s non-compliance.

20. ALTERATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

21. ENERGY EFFICIENT WINDOWS
•These windows works on following
principle:
•Less than half of Sun’s spectrum is visible
•Longer wavelengths-infrared-are heat
•Shorter wave length-ultraviolet
•Low-E glass coating with transparent
metal oxide reflects up to 90% of long
wavelength heat energy.

22. UV-Emitter
These are Ultra Violet Tube lights provided
inside the Air Handling Units of the Air-
conditioning Plant. When the air passes through
the chamber, UV light kills the bacteria and other
organism present in the Air. Algae formation
inside the cooling coil is deduced. Hence better
heat transfer leads to higher efficiency operation
of AHUs.

23. Maximum Demand Controllers
•Maximum Demand Controller is a device
designed to meet the need of industries
conscious of the value of load management.
Alarm is sounded when demand approaches a
preset value.
•If corrective action is not taken, the controller
switches off non-essential loads in a logical
sequence. This sequence is predetermined by
the user and is programmed jointly by the user
and the supplier of the device.

24. Energy Efficient Motors
•Reduction in motor losses are possible with existing
motor design and manufacturing technology.
•They require additional materials and/or the use of
higher quality materials and improved manufacturing
processes resulting in increased motor
•Cost.Thus energy-efficient electric motors reduce
energy losses through improved design, better materials,
and improved manufacturing techniques. Replacing a
motor may be justifiable solely on the electricity cost
savings derived from an energy-efficient replacement.

25. Energy Efficient Transformers
•Most energy loss in dry-type transformers occurs through heat or
vibration from the core. The new high-efficiency transformers
minimise these losses.
•The conventional transformer is made up of a silicon alloyed iron
(grain oriented) core. The iron loss of any transformer depends on
the type of core used in the transformer.
•However the latest technology is to use amorphous material -a
metallic glass alloy for the core. The expected reduction in energy
loss over conventional (Si Fe core) transformers is roughly around
70%, which is quite significant.
•By using an amorphous core-with unique physical and magnetic
properties-these new type of transformers have increased
efficiencies even at low loads –98.5% efficiency at 35% load.

26. Energy Efficient Lighting
Controls
Occupancy Sensors
•Occupancy-linked control can be achieved using infra-
red, acoustic, ultrasonic or microwave sensors, which
detect either movement or noise in room spaces.
•These sensors switch lighting on when occupancy is
detected, and off again after a set time period, when no
occupancy movement detected.
•They are designed to override manual switches and to
prevent a situation where lighting is left on in unoccupied
spaces.

27. Daylight Linked Control
•Photoelectric cells can be used either simply to switch
lighting on and off, or for dimming.
•It is however important to incorporate time delays into
the control system to avoid repeated rapid switching
caused, for example, by fast moving clouds.
•By using an internally mounted photoelectric dimming
control system, it is possible to ensure that the sum of
daylight and electric lighting always reaches the design
level by sensing the total light in the controlled area and
adjusting the output of the electric lighting accordingly.

28. MULTI UTILITY HEAT PUMPS
•Co-generation is a principle when waste heat
from one process is used as a heat source in
another process as low grade energy.
•The same principle is used in MU_HP.
•In a typical MU_heat pump, evaporator cater to
potable water cooling requirement and/or Air-
conditioning needs while condenser caters to
hot water and cloths drying need.

29. GROOVED PIPING SYSTEMS
•In an air-conditioning system the pipelines are
joined by welding. In a grooved piping system,
the mechanical joint creates a triple seal due to
pipe groove gasket en housing. Advantages:
1.Flameless connection.
2.Enhanced maintainability. Just by loosening
two bolts a section of pipeline or valves can be
removed and repaired.

30. SPEED CONTROLLED CHILLED WATER
PUMP
•The Power consumption in centrifugal pumps is directly
proportional to (speed) ³
•Reduction in 5% in speed shall reduce power
consumption by 15%.
•At low cooling requirement with speed control power
consumption can be reduced by 30%.
•Similar saving can be achieved with speed controlled
Cooling tower fan motors