energy releasing vitamins in biochemistry

This ppt describe about how various vitamins in our body release energy

1. Energy Releasing Vitamins Presented by-Ajay Shankar Tripathi Roll No.10 MBBS Batch 2024 MODERATED BY :DR. I.K.PARASHER Department Of Biochemistry MSD Autonomous State Medical College & MB Hospital,Bahraich

2. V itamin- Vitamin may be regarded as organic compound required in small amount to perform specific biological function for normal maintanance of optimum growth and health of organism.

3. RDA-1-1.5mg for adult 0.7-1.2mg/day for children Deficiency manifestation- Beri Beri - most commonaly seen in population consuming polished rice as a staple food Symptom -loss of apetite,weakness,constipation,nausea,peripheral neuropathy and numbness in leg etc. In adult two type of beri beri occur,infantile beri beri is also seen [differ from adult beri beri ]

4. Vitamin B1 Active form-TPP Source- Aleurone layer of cereal , yeast,Pulse,Oil seeds Physiological Role -TPP catalyse oxidative decarboxylation reaction Enzyme PDH catalyse conversion of Pyruvate into Acetyl Co.A with the help of TPP. Alpha Ketoglutarate into succinyl Co.A with the help of Alpha KG DH and TPP.

5. Wernicke korsakoff syndrome Most commanly seen in chronic alchoholics . Body demand of thiamine increase in alchoholism Insufficient intake will lead to this syndrome It is characterised by-loss of memory , rythmatical to and fro movement of eye ball .

6. Vitamin B2 Active form-FMN,FAD Biochemical function-catalyse following reaction FMN- complex 1 st of ETC –NADH DH L-Amino acid oxidase FAD- Complex 2 nd Succinate dehydrogenase Acyl Co.A D-Amino acid oxidase Xanthine oxidase Sources- Liver,kidney,dairy products,outerlayer of cereals RDA-1.5mg/day

7. Deficiency manifestation Glossitis (Magenta colour tongue) Cheilosis (Fissure at corners of mouth) Dermatitis Corneal vascularisation

8. Vitamin B3 Also known as Pellagra preventive factor of goldberg coenzyme-NAD+,NADP+ Biochemical function -it involve in various oxidation reduction reaction NAD+ dependent enzyme -lactate dehydrogenase Pyruvate dehydrogenase Beta hydroxy acyl Co.A

9. NADP+ dependent enzyme -Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase Phosphogluconate Malic enzyme NADPH Dependent -HMG Co.A reductase Phenyl alanine hydroxylase 3-ketoacyl reductase Source - Liver,kidney,fish,cereals,vegetable RDA-20mg/day Deficiency manifestation -Pellagra Clinical feature- Diarrhea Dementia[loss of thinking,remembering and reasoning]

10. Dermatitis- Neck casal necklace appearance Most commonly seen in people whose staple diet is corn or maize Niacin present in maize is unavailable to the body as it is in bounded form ,and tryptophan content is low in maize. Toxicity- although megadose of Niacin are useful for treatment of hyperlipidimia,there are certain harmful side effect Tendency for the increased level of glucose and uric acid in circulation. Prolonged use of Niacin result in elevated level of certain enzymes,suggesting Liver damage

11. Vitamin B5 Coenzyme-Coenzyme A FUNCTION- serve s carrier of active acyl group Coenzyme for- Pyruvate dehydrogenase,alpha KG DH For synthesis of Succinyl Co.A,Acyl Co. A,Malonyl Co. A RDA-5-10mg for adult SOURCE - Eggs,Milk,yeast,MeatPlant sources Deficiency manifestation-Burning feet syndrome Pain,Numbness,and feeling of hotness in legs

12. Vitamin B6 Coenzyme- PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE[PLP] Vitamin B6 is collectively represent the three compound namely Pyridoxine,Pyridoxal,Pyridoxamine Biochemical Function -The synthesis of certain product such as Serotonin,Histamin,Niacin coenzyme from the amino acid is dependent on Pyridoxine.

13. Transamination - Alanine + Alpha keto glutarate → Pyruvate + Glutamic acid Enzyme Alanine transaminase with thelp of coenzyme PLP. Decarboxylation - All decarboxylation reaction of amino acid require PLP as a coenzyme. i . Glutamate → GABA GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, and hence in B6 deficiency, especially in children, convulsions may occur . ii. Histidine → histamine which is the mediator of allergy and anaphylaxis iii . 5-hydroxy tryptophan → serotonin Production of Niacin -PLP is required for the synthesis of Niacin from tryptophan 3-hydroxy kynurenine → 3-hydroxy anthranilic acid (Enzyme Kynureninase ). Kynureninase is a PLP dependent enzyme. Hence in vitamin B6 deficiency niacin production is less.

14. Drug induced B6 deficiency Isoniazid -Treatment of tuberchlosis Penicillamine -treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis Toxicity-excess of Vit B6(2.5g/day) in the women of premenstrual syndrome is associated with sensory neuropathy.

15. Vitamin B7 Active form-Biotin or carboxybiotin Also known as anti egg white injury factor or Vit -H Biochemical function -serve as carrier of CO2 in carboxylation reaction 1.Gluconeogenesis and citric acid cycle -Conversion of Pyruvate to oxaloacetate by Biotin dependent Pyruvate carboxylase

16. 2. Fatty acid synthesis 3.Propionyl Co.A -

17. RDA-20-30micro gram Dietary source - Liver,kidney,egg yolk,milk,tomatoes,grains etc. Deficiency symptom - Anemia,loss of appetite,nausea,dermatiis,glossitis etc. Biotin deficiency may also result in depression,hallucination,and dermatitis. Biotin deficiency is uncommon because it is well disributed in foods. Biotin independent carboxylation reaction- carbamoyl phosphate synthtase 1&2 Malic enzyme converting pyruvate to malate .

18. Biotin antagonist Avidin ,a protein present in egg white has a great affinity to Biotin. It is curious that egg white contain Avidin and egg yolk contain Biotin. Streptavidin purified form Streptomyces avidinii can bind 4 molecule of Biotin. Avidin have more affinity towards Biotin than Ag- Ab reaction. It is used in Detection of Pathogen in ELISA test.

19. References Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, 32th Edition. Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Student By D.M Vasudevan 9th and 10th edition Biochemistry by U.Satyanarayan and U. Chakrapani (6 th Edition)

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