ENG_Climate Change Cities Training .ppt

Training about Climate change

1. Title
Cities and Climate Change
INTRODUCTORY LEARNING MODULE

2. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Learning Objectives
After completing the module participants will be able to:
Describe the transformative role that cities can play in achieving
green and climate resilient development

3. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Sections
CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE

4. Section title
Section 1
1
Cities in the 21st century

5. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
80%
of the world’s wealth is
generated in cities.
CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
60%
of world population will
live in urban areas in
2030.
70%
of the world’s urban
population was living in
developing countries in
2010.
Urbanisation is a key
phenomenon of this century

6. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
60
70
80
of the world’s urban
population was living in
developing countries in
2010.
of the world’s wealth is
generated in cities.
Can you pass me
those numbers in
the right order,
please!
% % %
of world population will
live in urban areas in
2030.
Activity

7. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=-Bqx2BuFjik
Source: UN-Habitat
CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Paper City –
a stop-motion video
animation portraying
today’s urban
challenges using a
paper and cardboard
mock city
Challenges for cities in
the 21
st
century

8. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
The relationship between climate
change and cities is not one way
AFFECTED
by the effects of the climate
change

9. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
The possible consequences of action
and inaction on climate change
INACTION ACTION
Benefits to other
policies
Negative effects
on other policies
VS.

10. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
CLICK ON THE MAP FOR EXAMPLES OF CLIMATE CHANGE ACTIONS IN CITIES AROUND THE WORLD.
Transformative role of cities
“Cities can be prime driving forces of development and innovation.”
Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General, United Nations

11. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
https://vimeo.com/
88257391
Source: Momentum for Change
ECOCASA
A housing project that
reduces emissions
while offering
affordable housing to
low income groups
Transformative role of
cities – Mexico

12. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
THE GREEN LIGHTING PROGRAMME
The Programme was initiated in Beijing in 2004. One of its mandates
focuses on replacing normal lights with energy-efficient light bulbs in
over 2000 schools. The result was that it replaced over 1,500,000
light bulbs, which saved 14.4MW of electricity valued at 8.21 million
RMB (US$1.05 million), and reduced annual CO
2 emissions by 14,535
metric tonnes, all within the boundaries of one city.
1/2
BEIJING, CHINA

13. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
THE GREEN LIGHTING PROGRAMME
The project also increased student awareness and knowledge of the concept of
saving energy. In 2008, the project was extended to install energy-efficient lighting
in over 1,200 bathrooms inside the 2nd Ring Road, 70 subway stations, 114km of
subway tunnels, and in government buildings, hotels, commercial buildings and
hospital buildings. The Beijing Development and Reform Commission estimates that
39MW of electricity can be saved each year through the installation of energy-
efficient light bulbs.
2/2
BEIJING, CHINA

14. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
The city of Medellin is located in a hilly terrain. Combined with
heavily-congested roads, providing efficient public transport is
especially challenging.
1/2
MEDELLIN, COLOMBIA

15. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
As an innovative alternative, the city introduced a cable car
transport network integrated with the existing metro system.
Each cable car was designed to generate some of its own
energy needs through a solar panel installed on the roof. The
network carries 50,000 people per day, a large number for the
city. Routes were targeted at low-income neighborhoods to
improve transport facilities for the poor. The cable car project
led to cheaper and safer transport than other transportation
options and with low greenhouse gas emissions.
2/2
MEDELLIN, COLOMBIA

16. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=L45EgI9mU48
Source: C40
An Introduction to
C40 –
Cycling through
5 megacities
C40: Cities sharing best practices

17. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Many cities, in particular in
developing countries, have
limited planning and
implementation capacities.
More and more people will
be living in cities. Local
commitments to climate
change are important.
Cities are increasingly
showing leadership,
and committing to take
action on climate change.
!
Cities and climate change –
what to keep in mind

18. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
A.More and more people will be living in
cities.
B.Cities contribute to climate change.
C.Cities are more important than other
areas.
D.Cities can help to find solutions.
Which of the options below are reasons why climate change is
important in cities?
Activity

19. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Section 2
Effects of climate change on cities2

20. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate Change
Displacement
Infrastructure
Health
Food and water
security
Economic
development
Ecosystems
Social
How does climate
change affect cities?

21. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change vulnerability
and adaptive capacity

22. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
UN-Habitat
supported the city of
Pakse, Laos in
conducting a
vulnerability
assessment
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=2BMyk9kUWHs
Source: UN-Habitat
A climate change vulnerability
assessment in practice

23. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Negative
impacts
on
business
Negative
health
effects
Loss of
human life
What have more frequent and intense floods led to in Pakse?
Activity

24. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Adaptive capacitySensitivityExposure
CLICK ON THE BOXES TO FIND OUT MORE ABOUT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CITIES.
Effects of climate change are
not the same for all cities

25. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Coastal cities will be
more affected

26. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
1/2
Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, is a mega city with an estimated population of 13 million. The city
has one of the highest population densities in the world. Around 60 per cent of the urban population in
Bangladesh lived in slum areas in 2009. The city is wedged between four flood-prone rivers, as well as
between the Himalayan mountain range and a body of water that generates violent cyclones. Dhaka is
situated at an elevation between 2-13 meters above sea level.
Dhaka, Bangladesh

27. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
2/2
Bangladesh will be among one of the most affected regions by climate change in the world because it is
both low-lying and densely populated. It is seriously at risk of all of the five main climate threats: drought,
floods, storms, sea-level rise, and agricultural crops loss.
The sheer number of people living in the city means that the negative consequences of climate change are
likely to be felt by a large number of people, especially the urban poor who live in flood-prone and
water-logged areas. At the same time, Dhaka’s GDP per capita is the lowest of all mega-cities, which has
an impact on the city’s capacity to adapt to climate change consequences.
Dhaka, Bangladesh

28. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Particularly vulnerable
groups in cities

29. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Vulnerability of slums to climate change in Kampala, Uganda
Kampala has been experiencing rapid urbanization and slum expansion. Over 50% of the urban population
live in informal settlements characterized by poor sanitary conditions, infrastructure deficiencies and lack of
waste disposal services.
In these areas, even relatively small amounts of rain can cause flooding. The natural drainage capability of
the land has been impaired which leads to hazardous conditions during rains. Flood-related accidents result in
deaths of slum residents each year. Sewers are available to only a small proportion of the population, so
flooding carries faeces and spreads diarrhoeal diseases such as cholera. Climate change is likely to increase
the incidence of flooding and accelerate the spread of diseases, including malaria and waterborne diseases.
Kampala, Uganda

30. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Section 3
Cities as contributors to climate change3

31. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
“The battle against climate change will
be fought in the cities. Cities can be the
problem or cities can be the solution.
But we need to know what is going on
in the cities.”
Andrew Steer, President and CEO, World Resources Institute
The crucial role of cities in
addressing climate change

32. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Why should we apply
this this?

to
Importance of measuring
emissions from cities

33. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=DtqSIplGXOA
New York City's
greenhouse gas
emissions as
1t spheres of
CO
2 gas.
By CarbonVisuals
Cities are an important
contributor to emissions

34. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Cities use different methods for measuring
and reporting emissions.
Difficult to compare cities.
Challenging to estimate overall emissions from cities.
vs
Challenges in estimating
emissions from cities

35. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
https://vimeo.com/114001116
Global Protocol
for Community-
Scale Greenhouse
Gas Emission
Inventories (GPC)
By IISD Reporting
Services/ENB
Solutions for estimating
emissions from cities

36. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Electricity
generation
Transport
Commercial and
residential buildings
Industry
CLICK ON THE ICONS TO LEARN ABOUT HOW THESE SECTORS CONTRIBUTE TO EMISSIONS IN CITIES.
Sectors playing an important
role for urban emissions

37. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Increasing _______ transport and reducing ____ transport can
reduce emissions, as can higher ____ density.
Activity

38. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Cape Town’s Action Plan for Energy and Climate Change
Cape Town is a city of 3.8 million in South Africa. Much of the electricity provided is coal-fired, which
leads to high emissions. In 2007 residential, commercial, and transport sectors were the largest emitting
sectors, accounting for 29%, 28% , and 27% of the total emissions respectively. They were followed by
the industrial sector, which contributed 15% and by the government which contributed 1%.
The City of Cape Town has adopted an Action Plan for Energy and Climate Change, which has eleven
objectives with targets. One of the targets is 10% renewable and cleaner energy supply by 2020.
Another one is building a more compact and resource-efficient city. The implementation of the plan
involves currently more than 115 projects.
Cape Town, South Africa

39. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
If you were a member of a local council in Cape Town, South Africa, which of the
following sectors would you propose should be tackled first? Choose as many as you
consider fit.
 Government sector 1%
 Residential sector 29%
 Commercial sector 28%
 Industry sector 15%
 Transport sector 27%
Activity

40. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Demographic
composition
Location Types of economic
activities
Urban form
CLICK ON THE ICONS TO LEARN MORE ABOUT HOW THESE FACTORS INFLUENCE EMISSION LEVELS.
Factors influencing emissions
in cities

41. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Section 4
Integrating climate change into urban planning4

42. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Fundamentally, good city planning practices
are, by their nature, also climate smart
planning practices.
UN-Habitat, Planning for Climate Change 2014
“
Urban planning and
climate change

43. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Ad hoc
approaches
Example: replacing public
transport buses with more
energy efficient buses
Stand-alone
(strategic) plans
Example: local climate action
plans
Mainstreaming
Example: mainstreaming climate
change into water management
plan
Different approaches to
planning for climate change

44. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Almost any urban policy,
programme, strategy or
plan can, and should,
consider climate change.
Importance of mainstreaming
climate change

45. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
CLICK ON THE BOXES TO FIND OUT HOW CLIMATE CHANGE CAN BE INCORPORATED
INTO THE DIFFERENT PLANS.
Examples of plans

46. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
How could the quotation below be best interpreted?
Select one of the boxes
The battle against climate change will be fought in the cities.
Cities can be the problem or cities can be the solution. But we
need to know what’s going on in the cities. What you measure,
you treasure.
Andrew Steer, President and CEO, World Resources Institute
Moving to rural
areas is an
alternative
measure to
decongest cities
Data is important
for adaptation
and mitigation
policy making
Collecting data
on emissions is
expensive.
Cities will
experience
increasing
conflict due to
climate change
“
Activity

47. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
The planning process
– an overview

48. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
What is happening?

49. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
What matters most?

50. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
What can we do about it?

51. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Are we doing it?

52. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Planning for climate change
in practice
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=vAoorDDRkoY
A Strategic Values-
Based Approach in
Sihanoukville
By UN-Habitat

53. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Funding climate change
adaptation and mitigation

54. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Activity
Municipal
bonds
Low regrets
options
Land value
capture
Activity: How can a city raise finance and package smaller
projects together? Through…

55. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Examples of funding for urban
adaptation and mitigation

56. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Section 5
Urban climate change adaptation and mitigation
in practice5

57. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Urban adaptation and
mitigation: energy
CLICK ON EACH
CATEGORY TO LEARN
MORE.

58. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Case study: solar water
heating in Jordan and Cyprus
In Jordan approximately 12% of dwellings use solar water heating. According to estimations made in
Jordan solar water heating is the best option for energy production when compared against the availability
of fuel, national economy, social benefits and safety even if it is unreliable in terms of efficiency.
Additionally, it is the cheapest energy form in the long run. In Cyprus 93% of residences use solar water
heaters (the world record), which results in major reduction in environmental pollution each year.

59. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Case study: partnership with the
private sector in Sao Paulo, Brazil
In partnership with a private company the City of São Paulo, Brazil has turned two foul-smelling and
unsightly landfills into sources of energy and hard cash. São Paulo’s ten million inhabitants generate
about 15,000 tonnes of garbage a day. Rotting garbage produces methane gas. The challenge was
to recognize and harness that gas as an asset, while reducing GHG emissions.

60. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Urban adaptation and
mitigation: water
Water
desalination
Rainwater
storage
Reusing
wastewater
Water
conservation

61. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Urban adaptation and
mitigation: transport
Adaptation
options
Mitigation
options
Photo credit: dawn.com

62. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Urban adaptation and
mitigation: green space
Urban
agriculture
Green
facades/
roofs
Trees,
parks…
Carbon
sequestration

63. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Urban adaptation and
mitigation: housing and
buildings
“Scaling up efforts of making
the housing stock of
developing countries more
environmentally friendly can
make a great difference in
terms of climate change
mitigation and adaptation as
well as improve quality of life
and human wellbeing.”
Emma-Liisa Hannula

64. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Case study: Living with floods
in Mozambique
Extreme rainfall far exceeding long-term averages have become increasingly frequent in
Mozambique. On 27 January 2010 many parts of Maputo were severely flooded after 12 hours of
heavy rain, totaling 290.4 mm which is more than the normal monthly mean precipitation (165.9 mm).
The “Living with Floods” initiative aims to protect lives and livelihoods by building elevated schools or
community halls at low cost in communities living in flood prone areas, with particular attention to
those poorest neighborhoods of Maputo City. These elevated buildings serve as shelters during
floods.

65. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Compact urban development
as the way forward
“While there are a range
of policies available to
reduce cities’ emissions,
one fundamental
approach involves
promoting compact urban
development.”
Dr. Clos, Executive Director of UN-Habitat

66. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Activity
A.Include bicycles
pathways
B.Improve public transport
C.Relocate shops to
dedicated areas outside
the city center
D.Use renewable energy
sources (e.g. solar
panels)
Activity:
Examine the image. What measures could you take to mitigate urban
greenhouse gas emissions? Please base your answers on what you can observe
in the image. You can choose more than one answer.

67. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Section 6
Major initiatives related to climate change
and cities6

68. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
How cities are taking action
on climate change

69. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
City commitments on climate
change

70. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Commitments by cities and
local governments on climate
change

71. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
“Cities are the drivers of progress and innovation, and through the Compact of
Mayors, they can help nations set new, aggressive climate targets over the next
year.”
Michael R. Bloomberg, UN Special Envoy for Cities and Climate Change
The Compact of Mayors

72. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Examples of city and regional
networks

73. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
C40
Examples of action:
• 75 of the world’s largest cities
• 550 million people
• ¼ of global economy
C40 - Cities Climate
Leadership Group

74. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
As a result of C40 launching the Clean Bus Declaration of Intent in response to city asks, Rio lobbied
internal political support and has committed to 20% of the city bus fleet converted to clean
technologies by 2020 and 50% of the bus fleet converted to clean technologies by 2025. This will
be a combination of capable-hybrid, pure electric (including both single and – if available – double
deck buses) and hydrogen fuel-celled powered technologies. Achieving the target for 2020 could
help the city potentially deliver a reduction of 37,190 tCO2/year. If all new buses were low carbon,
the savings could be in the region of 148,758 tCO2/year.
C40 - Bus Rapid Transit
Network (Rio de Janeiro)

75. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
C40 - Cool Cities Network
(Changwon)
As a result of participating in the C40 network and learning from other cities who have
implemented cool roof programs (whether by mandate or incentives), Changwon has developed a
pilot program to subsidise CoolRoofs (reflective surfaces). They applied techniques used by Tokyo
to improve their heat reduction measurement methodologies, which has enabled the city to
accelerate and better target opportunities for cooling the city to reduce urban heat island effect,
the use of air conditioning (leading to GHG reductions) and vulnerability to extreme heat waves.

76. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Examples of action:
ICLEI
A network of over 1000 cities,
towns and metropolises committed
to sustainable urban future
ICLEI – Local Governments for
Sustainability

77. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
524 reporting entities, representing
14% of world’s urban population
Committed GHG reductions by 2020
= approx. 1 billion tCO2e or the total
the total GHG reductions achieved by
the European Union between 1990-
2012
carbonn Climate Registry
What? World’s leading platform for
local and subnational governments
to report climate actions
How? Voluntary reporting on
commitments, mitigation and
adaptation actions, and action
plans
Who? By local governments to local
governments

78. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Open to all cities, metropolises and
regions with transformative projects or
plans.
Advocates for better access to climate
finance for cities and regions, connects
subnational authorities with financial
bodies, and helps local leaders to
design bankable projects.
What? A 10-year initiative to
accelerate the implementation of
local action to tackle climate
change.
How? Showcasing of up to 100
transformative actions each year
online and at conferences, high-
level advocacy.
Who? Organized by local and
subnational governments.
Transformative Actions
Program (TAP)

79. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
UCLG
• 1000 member cities and regions
• 155 national member
associations
• Present in 140 countries
UCLG - United Cities and
Local Governments

80. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Activity
Activity:
Which of the below are examples of the actions cities can take to address
climate change when working together?
A.Share best practices
B.Advocate for global commitments
C.Provide comprehensive data
D.All of the above

81. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Summary of the module
Cities play a key role in global transition towards climate resilient and
low-carbon development.
Cities are key contributors to greenhouse gas emissions and how cities
develop will have an important impact on emissions levels.
Climate change can have different impacts on different cities and groups
within cities. The urban poor are likely to be more affected.
Climate change mitigation and adaption should be integrated into urban
planning.
Cities are increasingly taking action on climate change.

82. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Useful links

83. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Recommended readings
UN-Habitat (2014). Planning for Climate Change
UN-Habitat (2011). Cities and Climate Change: Global Report on Human
Settlements 2011
UN-Habitat (2012). State of the World’s Cities 2012/2013
UN-Habitat (2011). Local Leadership for Climate Change Action
The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate (2014). Better
Growth Better Climate: The New Climate Economy Report
The World Bank (2010). Cities and Climate Change: An Urgent Agenda

84. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Main references
UN-Habitat (2014). Planning for Climate Change
UN-Habitat (2011). Cities and Climate Change: Global Report on Human
Settlements 2011
The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate (2014). Better Growth
Better Climate: The New Climate Economy Report
UN-Habitat (2012). Going Green: A Handbook of Sustainable Housing
Practices in Developing Countries
UN-Habitat Cities and Climate Change Academy climate change modules for
universities

85. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Credits
Credits
Resting icon, by Freepic from www.flaticon.com 
Businessman running in a wheel icon, by Freepic from www.flaticon.com 
Factory icon, by Steve Morris fron The Noun Project
Bridge, by Chris McDonnell from The Noun Project
Food icon, by Claire Jones from The Noun Project
Social icon, by Antonio Vicién Faure from The Noun Project
Immigrants icon, by Luis Prado from The Noun Project
Buildings trees and plants in citys icon, by Freepic from www.flaticon.com 
Solar icon, by iconsmind.com from The Noun Project
Van, by Jonathan Li from The Noun Project
User, by Aha-Soft from The Noun Project
Location, by John Caserta from The Noun Project
Money Growth, by DesignNex from The Noun Project
Shapes, by Nick Abrams from The Noun Project
Rubiks Cube, by Ryan Beck from The Noun Project
Strategic icon, by Freepic from www.flaticon.com 
Climate Change, Health, Graph, Ecosystem icons from The noun Project, Public Domain