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1. MENU f in a m HOME EW S OPIN ON BUSI ESS SPORT E ERTA NMENT CROSSWORD+ SC E CE f l)lJ(,"i,: :u1-.; CAREERS COLLEGES SC H OOLS E DUC A TI ON SCHOOLS SCHOOLS ASER repor t say s mor e children opting fo r tuition ; enrolmen t i n government schools increase R . Ravikanth Reddy H Y DERABAD , NOVE BER 17 2 21 1 7 : 2 5 1ST UPDATED : NOVEMBE R 1 7 202 1 18:03 1 ST

2. On 17 th November 2021, the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2021 was released. ASER 2021 is based on a survey conducted in September-October 2021 , 18 months after the first lockdown.

3. How was the survey conducted? The survey is conducted by the ASER Centre. Beginning in 1996 – The non government organization Pratham has worked with children in thousands of villages and urban slums across India. 2008 – ASER Centre was established as an autonomous unit within the Pratham network .

4. 2004 – the idea of the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) was born. Conceived as an annual, nationwide survey of children's ability to read simple text and do basic arithmetic that would engage ordinary citizens in finding out whether their children were learning.

5. The survey now: e x p l o r es how children in the age group of 5-16 studied at h ome since the onset of the pandemic, and the challenges that the schools and the households now face as schools reopen across states.

6. ASER 2021 was conducted in 25 states and three Union Territories . It reached a total of 76,706 households and 75,234 children in the age group of 5-16 years. It also surveyed teachers or head teachers from 7,299 government schools offering primary grades.

7. The survey findings Increase in enrolment in government schools between 2018 and 2021. Enrollment in Government Schools 2018 64.3% 2020 65.8% 2021 70.3%

8. Private schools The report says that private schooling increased rapidly in India from 2006 to 2014 and from there it hovered around 30%. However, in the pandemic years, private enrolment dipped significantly. In the age group of 6-14 years, enrollment in private schools decreased to 24.4% in 2021 compared to 32.5% in 2018 . This shift is seen in all grades and among both boys and girls.

9. This is being attributed to: the closure of schools in the pandemic and the inability of parents to afford the huge fee structure in private schools (they instead opt for government schools where the fee is almost nil). low incomes in the pandemic The is one of the reasons for the shift.

10. One in every three children in Classes I and II have never attended in person classes before . Never attended pre-primary classes Government school students of Classes I and II 36.8 per cent Private school students of Classes I and II 33.6 per cent

11. Access to study material The survey report pointed out that almost all enrolled children have textbooks for their current grade (91.9 %). Only about a third (33.5 %) of children in classes 1-2 of yet to be reopened schools reported to have received learning material from schools in the form of worksheets in print or virtual form, online or recorded classes or other learning- related video clips .

12. Digital education The report noted that smartphone ownership has dramatically risen over the last few years. However, children’s access to these devices is often quite limited , especially among the youngest learners who have the least access to technology. It also noted that almost a third of all children in classes 1 and 2 did not have smartphones available at home .

13. Only 19.9 per cent children in grades I-II have access to the devices whenever they require. The access rises with age . 35.4 per cent of students in Classes IX and above having constant access.

14. Private tuition The report also highlights that more school children are opting for private tuition. 40% of the school children are now opting for private tuition classes compared to 30% in 2018 . This proportion has increased across both sexes and all grades and school types. The incidence of tuition has increased across all States except Kerala.

15. This is being blamed on: the disruption of classroom teaching due to the pandemic or the inability to adapt to online education.

16. Interestingly, those opting for private tuition are from the lesser privileged classes . There is an increase of 12.6 percentage points among the children of parents who fall in the low education category. Increase of 7.2 percentage points among children with parents in the ‘high’ education category.

17. The report also reveals that fewer children whose schools have reopened are taking tuition . Tuition classes were common among children whose schools were still closed at the time of the survey.