English Civil War Glorious Revolution Powerpoint.ppt

The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a conflict between the forces of King Charles I, who believed in absolute monarchy and the divine right of kings, and Parliament, which sought to limit the king’s power and give more voice to the people through representative government. The war was fueled by political disputes, religious tensions between Anglicans and Puritans, and issues of taxation and governance. It ended with the defeat of the royalists, the trial and execution of Charles I, and the temporary establishment of a republic under Oliver Cromwell. This was a turning point in English history because it showed that even a king could be held accountable for his actions and that monarchy was not above the law.

The Glorious Revolution of 1688 followed later in the 17th century and was another key moment in shaping constitutional monarchy in England. Unlike the violent Civil War, the Glorious Revolution was relatively bloodless. It occurred when King James II, whose Catholic policies alarmed a largely Protestant nation, was overthrown and replaced by William of Orange and his wife Mary, James’s Protestant daughter. This event firmly established the principle that monarchy should be limited by laws and must work with Parliament. It also led to the drafting of the English Bill of Rights (1689), which guaranteed certain rights to citizens, strengthened parliamentary power, and laid the foundation for modern democracy.

Together, the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution weakened absolute monarchy and promoted the ideas of constitutional government, the rule of law, and the protection of individual rights. These events not only shaped England but also influenced democratic developments in Europe and America in the centuries that followed.

1.   
     
  
     
Like his father, James
I, King Charles I
believed in the divine
right of kings. This
belief put Charles out
of touch with the
people and politics of
England. His marriage
to a French Catholic
princess isolated him
even further.
•Charles I and Parliament

2. 1. Charles I signs the petition of rights 1. Charles I signs the petition of rights
and then continues his old ways. 2. and then continues his old ways. 2.
Rebellion breaks out in Scotland. 3. It Rebellion breaks out in Scotland. 3. It
passed a law that Parliament must meet passed a law that Parliament must meet
at least every three years (Triennial Act), at least every three years (Triennial Act),
it kept the king from raising taxes on his it kept the king from raising taxes on his
own, and forced the execution of two of own, and forced the execution of two of
his advisors for treason. 4. Parliament his advisors for treason. 4. Parliament
and Charles I could not agree on who and Charles I could not agree on who
should be in command of the army.should be in command of the army.

3. Elizabeth I dies
Elizabeth I dies in 1603 with
no heir. The Stuarts of
Scotland inherited the
throne. So, King James VI
of Scotland becomes King
James I of England. James
believes in divine right and
ignores Parliament

4. James the “wisest fool in
Christendom” 1603-1625
James I believed in “Divine
Right of Kings” and failed
to work with parliament.
James didn’t tolerate the
Puritans who wanted to
change the Anglican
Church.

5. A brief summary of the history of Britain in the time of the Stuarts
(1603-1714)
Ruling family / system King/Queen/Ruler Dates
HOUSE OF STUART
James I1603-1625
 Charles I 1625-1649
COMMONWEALTH & PROTECTORATE Council of State1649-1653
 Oliver Cromwell1653-1658

 
Richard Cromwell1658-1659
HOUSE OF STUART (RESTORED)
Charles II1660-1685
 
James II 1685-1688
 William III & Mary II1689-1694
 
William III 1694-1702
 Anne 1702-1714

6. King Charles I “So bad a King Charles I “So bad a
king” 1625-1649king” 1625-1649
•Battled with Parliament
following the policies of
his dad James I.
•Charles dismissed
parliament, sold titles to
nobility, gave special
privileges to businesses,
heavily taxed cities and
forced people to make
him loans which he
never repaid.

7. Petition of Rights 1628
King could not force people to pay taxes or
make loans
Disband special courts
Right of Habeas Corpus
No quartering of troops
Charles signed the Petition and then ignored
it!

9. Scots invade England 1638
Charles becomes unpopular in Scotland, the
Scots come after him.
Charles needs money for the war, calls
parliament asking for more money
Charles pays Scots tribute to leave England

10. LONG PARLIAMENT 1640-1653
Parliament passes several limiting the
power of the King.
Triennial Act
Abolished Charles special courts
No new taxes without consent of
Parliament
Charles signs the bills and then arrests
the leaders of parliament

11. English Civil War 1642-1649
Charles action starts a Civil War
Cavaliers supported the King and the
Roundheads supported Parliament
Oliver Cromwell’s New Model Army
defeated the Cavaliers
Charles flees to Scotland, Scots turn him
over to the English
January 30, 1649 Charles is beheaded

12. Roundhead Army

13. English Civil WarEnglish Civil War

15. 15
5. Cromwell took charge. The monarchy 5. Cromwell took charge. The monarchy
and the House of Lords were abolished. and the House of Lords were abolished.
6. This prevented Cromwell from creating 6. This prevented Cromwell from creating
a representative form of government. a representative form of government.
7. It discouraged other groups from 7. It discouraged other groups from
acting against the government. 8. He lost acting against the government. 8. He lost
the army’s support, and Charles II the army’s support, and Charles II
returned to England. returned to England.

16. Three faces Charles IThree faces Charles I

17. This petition stated four ancient liberties:
(1) the king could not tax the people
without the agreement of Parliament; (2)
he could not declare martial law; (3) he
could not board soldiers in private homes
during peacetime; and (4) he could not
imprison a person without a specific
charge.
Charles signed the Petition of Right, but
continued to impose taxes anyway. When
members of the House of Commons
protested, Charles dismissed Parliament.
A. Petition of Rights
Key Terms

18. King Charles I and wife Henrietta Charles was the son
of James I. Henrietta was sister of Louis XIII of France
and a Catholic.(Charles’s children would be raised as
Catholics and live in France after his execution)

19. B. Long Parliament
English Parliament elected in 1640 that convened on
and off for 20 years.
C. . Cavaliers
those who supported the king in the English Civil
War; also known as royalists.
D. Roundheads
those who supported Parliament in the English Civil
War
G. New Model Army
Cromwell's powerful army that defeated King Charles in
the English Civil War.

20. New Model Army
Cromwell's powerful army that defeated King Charles in the
English Civil War.
E. Commonwealth
A republic.
In November 1647 Charles fled England
and rallied his Scottish supporters to
fight.
. Cromwell's army crushed them,
however, and moved on Parliament,
keeping the king's supporters out. The
Cromwell-controlled Parliament, known as
the Rump Parliament, abolished the
monarchy and the House of Lords. It
proclaimed England a commonwealth,
or republic.

21.   
     
Oliver Cromwell ruler of England’s First Commonwealth

22. Cromwell tried twice to establish a
constitution—a document
outlining the basic laws and
principles that govern a nation.
The Instrument of Government of
1653 was the first written
constitution of any major European
nation. It provided that landowners
would elect members of Parliament.

23. The experiment with republican
government in England eventually
failed. Cromwell quarreled with
Parliament, which resented his
power. He eventually dissolved
Parliament and ruled alone. After
Cromwell died in 1658, his son
Richard became lord protector.
Richard was a weak leader,
however, and lost the army's
support.

24. SECTION TWO CONSTITUTIONAL
MONARCHY IN ENGLAND 1660

25. In 1660, after much debate
and with the army's support,
Parliament invited Charles II,
the Stuart son of Charles I, to
return to England.
RESTORATION 1660

26. Charles II son of Charles I came to power in 1660 known as
the “Merry Monarch” thought to have fathered over 300
children.

27. 1..Charles II used secrecy and roundabout
methods to gain his ends.

2. The Tories were a group that usually
supported the Anglican Church and the king,
however, they were willing to accept James as
a king even though he favored Catholics.
3. The Whigs were a group that claimed to
deny the throne to James II. They wanted a
strong Parliament and opposed having a
Catholic ruler.

28. 4. They feared that the son of James II would
begin a line of Catholic rulers on the English
throne.
5. Hobbes wrote Leviathan. He believed that
people acted from self-interest and with out
regard for the rights or welfare of others.
Therefore, the best government was that of an
absolute monarch.

29. James II a Catholic brother of Charles II ruled
1685-1688

30. John Locke
THOMAS HOBBES

31. 1688 Glorious Revolution
After James II’s produced a male heir, the
English fearing a line of Catholic Stuarts,
forced James and his family to leave
England.
******Add to your notes*********

32. WilliamIII and Mary II
•Parliament invited William of Orange the monarch of the
Netherlands to come with his wife
•King William III and Queen Mary II of England, who
ruled jointly after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 had
expelled Mary's father, King James II. William and Mary
were Protestants, and James was a Roman Catholic;
since the time of William and Mary, the ruler of England
has always upheld Protestantism in England.
•William and Mary were both grandchildren of
Charles I making them first cousins.

33. Important events William and
Mary
1689 Bill of Rights establishes a limited
monarchy in England
1701 Act of Settlement excluded a Catholic
from becoming king
1707 Act of Union establishes the United
Kingdom of England, Scotland and Wales.
8. Act of Toleration allowed people to have
freedom of Religion

34. Mary II William III
Glorious Revolution 1688

35. Last of the Stuarts
Queen Anne (Mary’s younger sister)
rules England after the deaths of William
and Mary.
Despite having 18 children, when she
dies, she has no heir.
George of Hanover great grandson of
James I would become king.

36. 7. Parliament
8. It granted some religious
freedoms to English dissenters.
9. The majority party in Parliament

10. First minister, top position in
Parliament and chief advisor to the
King.
Robert Walpole was Britain’s first
Prime Minister.

37. Robert Walpole England’s first prime
minister (1676-1745)
Walpole, first Earl of Orford, is considered to be England's first
prime minister. He dominated politics in the reigns of George I and
George II as a leader of the Whigs.

38. 6 Locke wrote 6 Locke wrote Two TreatisesTwo Treatises of of
GovernmentGovernment. . He accepted the idea He accepted the idea
of the of the socialsocial contractcontract that a that a
government existed to protect the government existed to protect the
people’s rights of life, liberty and people’s rights of life, liberty and
property. He believed that the property. He believed that the
people had the right to change their people had the right to change their
government if it failed to protect government if it failed to protect
these rights.these rights.

39. Thomas Hobbes—English philosopher who Thomas Hobbes—English philosopher who
lived through the English Civil War. In lived through the English Civil War. In
1651 he wrote a book LEVIATHAN 1651 he wrote a book LEVIATHAN
describing the true nature of man and describing the true nature of man and
justification for an absolute monarchy. justification for an absolute monarchy.
Man was selfish in nature and without Man was selfish in nature and without
strong rulers, the powerful would destroy strong rulers, the powerful would destroy
the weak.the weak.

40. Writ of Habeas CorpusWrit of Habeas Corpus—”you shall have the —”you shall have the
body” protected individuals against unfair arrest body” protected individuals against unfair arrest
and imprisonment. and imprisonment.
English BillEnglish Bill of Rightsof Rights—ruler of England would be —ruler of England would be
subject to the laws of parliament. It created a subject to the laws of parliament. It created a
limited monarchy and protected individual rights limited monarchy and protected individual rights
of citizens. of citizens.
Toleration Act 1689Toleration Act 1689—religious freedom for the —religious freedom for the
English English
Act ofAct of SettlementSettlement 1701—only Protestants could 1701—only Protestants could
rule Englandrule England