English for Academic and Professional PurposesP.pptx

This is to teach how to write a position paper in English Grade 11.

1. How to write a position paper?

2. What is a position paper? While writing a position paper, you need to give your position on the issue at hand. A position paper can be written in different incidents such as in a discussion of international challenges affecting different nations and formulation of policies to curb the issues.

3. How to write a position paper • Understanding the topic given- in most cases you will be given the topic that you are supposed to discuss, and it is your responsibility as a participant to understand the topic first before you take a position on the matter. When you fail to understand the topic well, you may end up giving points that do not display your position. In the understanding of the topic, you can go ahead and conduct some research on the topic just to be certain of the points that you will come up with.

4. How to write a position paper • Ensure your topic can easily be arguable- in some incidents, you may be asked to pick on a topic to write on for your position paper. Many topics can be used for argument purposes especially current trends and issues affecting the society today. You should be able to go for a topic that has points and can bring contradiction to arise argument. When you go for a common topic where most people would lie on one side of your stand then that is not a good topic, a good topic should have almost similar points on both sides of the argument to bring a healthy conversation of the parties involved.

5. How to write a position paper • List the advantages and disadvantages for both sides of the argument- when you list the advantages and disadvantages of two different sides of the argument you will be able to pick the best position that you can confidently argue.

6. How to write a position paper • Pick your position and formulate your points- in a position paper you have to take a position in the argument. Ensure that you have sufficient points to support your position.

7. How to write a position paper • Understand your audience position on the matter- it is also good to understand where your audience is placed in the argument so that you can design your arguments to satisfy them on the points you try to bring out.

8. To make your paper outstand you should: Design an official look for your paper- in being official you only need to be realistic in your arguments so that the readers can easily be convinced with your points without much questioning.

9. To make your paper outstand you should: Make it as simple as possible- in a presentation of your claims you should ensure that you are direct to the point and avoid unclear explanations because it makes your work tiresome to read. Be clear by using simple, understandable language, avoid too much use of vocabulary in your work.

10. To make your paper outstand you should: Be organized in the presentation of your points- you should be able to know which point comes first and ensure each idea is placed in its paragraph. This will also help your paper have an official look.

11. To make your paper outstand you should: Put references for your points- citing your sources is very key as it gives your points a higher hand over the rest given that it can be refereed hence valid.

12. To make your paper outstand you should: Go through your paper after completing- it is good to proofread your work as it will enable you to see some common mistakes made and you can also change the flow of points to be persuasive to your audience.

13. Position Paper Outline How to organize your position paper? Follow these easy steps to develop your position paper. This outline helps you organize your paper as easy as 123.

14. 1. Introduction Present your topic Say why it is worth discussing, its history. Dwell on its controversies. Make a thesis statement that would express your opinion in one sentence.

15. 2. Body Present a prevailing opinion on the issue, main arguments, what they are based on. Counter the arguments with your own opinion, backed up by reliable data you have found during the preliminary research. Keep in mind that you should present as many counter-arguments as there are pro-arguments. So, if you have 3 statements that support an idea you disagree with, you should provide three opposing statements and prove why they are worth considering.

16. 3. Conclusion Restate both opinions. Give a summary of what you argue for. Provide a strategy that would help resolve the issue.

17. Core Components of a Position Paper: Introduction:  Clearly introduces the topic and states the author's position or thesis statement. Background:  Provides necessary context and relevant information about the issue. Arguments:  Presents the main reasons and evidence supporting the author's position. Counterarguments:  Acknowledges and refutes opposing viewpoints. Conclusion:  Restates the thesis and summarizes the main points. 

18. Example 2: Climate Change and Renewable Energy Introduction Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time, and the transition to renewable energy sources is crucial to mitigating its impacts. This position paper argues that governments and businesses should prioritize the development and implementation of renewable energy technologies. Background The burning of fossil fuels and other human activities have led to significant increases in greenhouse gas emissions, driving climate change and its associated impacts, such as rising sea levels and extreme weather events. Arguments 1. Sustainability : Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, are sustainable and can significantly reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. 2. Job Creation : The renewable energy industry is creating new job opportunities in manufacturing, installation, and maintenance. 3. Energy Security : Diversifying our energy mix with renewable sources can reduce our dependence on imported fuels and enhance energy security.

19. Example 2: Counterarguments Cost and Infrastructure : Transitioning to renewable energy requires significant investment in new infrastructure and technologies, which can be costly. Intermittency : Renewable energy sources like solar and wind are intermittent, meaning that energy storage solutions are needed to ensure a stable supply. Technological Limitations : Some argue that renewable energy technologies are not yet advanced enough to meet our energy demands. Conclusion In conclusion, while there are challenges associated with transitioning to renewable energy, the benefits of sustainability, job creation, and energy security make it a crucial step in addressing climate change. Governments and businesses must prioritize the development and implementation of renewable energy technologies to ensure a sustainable future for our planet.

20. In Favor of Same-Sex Marriage Introduction The debate over same-sex marriage has been a contentious issue in many countries, with proponents arguing that it is a fundamental human right and opponents claiming that it undermines traditional values. This position paper argues that same-sex marriage should be recognized and protected by law. Background Same-sex marriage has been a topic of discussion for decades, with many countries gradually recognizing the rights of LGBTQ+ individuals to marry. The issue is complex, involving legal, social, and cultural dimensions. Arguments Equality and Human Rights : Same-sex couples have the right to equality and non-discrimination, as enshrined in human rights law. Denying them the right to marry is a form of discrimination. Love and Commitment : Same-sex couples are just as capable of forming loving and committed relationships as heterosexual couples. Marriage is a way to recognize and support these relationships. Social Benefits : Recognizing same-sex marriage can have positive social benefits, such as increased stability and well-being for same-sex couples and their families

21. . Counterarguments Traditional Values : Some argue that same-sex marriage undermines traditional values and the institution of marriage. Religious Objections : Some people object to same-sex marriage on religious grounds, arguing that it is contrary to their faith. Social Implications : Some argue that same-sex marriage could have negative social implications, such as impacts on children or the institution of marriage. Conclusion In conclusion, recognizing same-sex marriage is a matter of equality, human rights, and social justice. While there are valid concerns and counterarguments, the benefits of recognizing same-sex marriage, including promoting love, commitment, and social stability, make it a necessary step towards a more inclusive and equitable society.

22. Example 2: Against Same-Sex Marriage Introduction The issue of same-sex marriage has sparked intense debate, with some arguing that it is a fundamental right and others claiming that it is not in the best interests of society. This position paper argues that same-sex marriage should not be recognized or protected by law. Background The debate over same-sex marriage is complex, involving legal, social, and cultural dimensions. While some countries have recognized same-sex marriage, others have not. Arguments Traditional Definition of Marriage : Marriage has traditionally been defined as between a man and a woman, and this definition should be preserved. Biological and Social Implications : Same-sex couples cannot biologically produce children, which some argue is a fundamental aspect of marriage. Religious and Cultural Concerns : Many people object to same-sex marriage on religious or cultural grounds, and their rights and freedoms should be respected.

23. Counterarguments Equality and Human Rights : Denying same-sex couples the right to marry is a form of discrimination and violates their human rights. Love and Commitment : Same-sex couples are capable of forming loving and committed relationships, and marriage is a way to recognize and support these relationships. Social Benefits : Recognizing same-sex marriage can have positive social benefits, such as increased stability and well-being for same-sex couples and their families. Conclusion In conclusion, while there are valid arguments on both sides, this position paper argues that same-sex marriage should not be recognized or protected by law due to concerns about traditional values, biological and social implications, and religious and cultural objections. However, it is essential to respect the rights and dignity of all individuals, regardless of their sexual orientation.