English literature - The Romantic period

English literature

1. Instructor: Ph.D Doan Hue Dung
Group 3: Nguyễn Giang Trúc
Đinh Thị Ngọc Yến Trang
Nguyễn Huyền Trâm
Cao Kỳ Bảo Trân
Nguyễn Thị Thêm
Bùi Duy Khang

2. 1.The French Revolution
2. The Industrial Revolution

4. The French Revolution
•Began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s
•Causes:
 The irresponsibility and extravagant spending by King
Louis XVI (1754-1793) bankruptcy
The influence from Enlightenment ideals: individual
liberty in opposition to an absolute monarchy

abolish the feudalism and establish
a republic

6. Divided into two stage
+ 1789 – beginning of 1793: The
successful stage
+ 1793 – late 1790s: The violent and
turbulent phase

7. The first stage
+ July 14, 1789 (Bastille Day): rioters stormed the Bastille fortress,
starting the French Revolution.
+ Eliminating the aristocracy

+ On August 4, the adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of Man
(influenced by American Declaration of Independence, having 17
articles)

+ January 21, 1793: King Louis XVI ‘s execution (sent him to the
guillotine)
A majority of the population (working force) was escaped
from oppression for many years.
According to Albert Hancock, in his book The French Revolution
and the English Poets: a study in historical criticism, “The French
Revolution came, bringing with it the promise of a brighter day, the
promise of regenerated man and regenerated earth…..”

11. Romantic poets accept and approve the
French Revolution.
Under the new laws: writers and artists
were freedom to express themselves
Romantic poets (such as Wordsworth,
Coleridge, Byron): wrote works for and
about the working man
Influence on Writers and Literature

12. The second phase
Turn into a bloody power struggle
+ In 1793, Radical Jacobins seized power from Girondins
nominal: the idea of liberty, equality and fraternity
+ However, in fact:
 Their idea of justice: the execution of opponents
 The masses little chance to exercise their freedom: as
soldiers to fight against France’s enemies.
•At the late: General Napoleon Bonaparte
+ Proclaimed himself Emperor of France in 1804
+ Led the French army in an unprecedented conquest of Europe
+ In 1805, was defeated by Britain at Trafalgar under the command
of Admiral Horatio Nelson

13. The GirondinsThe Jacobins

14. “The greatness of
a man is not
measured from
his feet to his
head, but from his
head to the sky”

15. Trafalgar Naval BattleAdmiral Nelson

16. Influence on Writers
and Literature

 Disappointed by the bloody outcome,
embraced more conservative ideals

 Some priciples of literature
(Romanticism): pursuit of happiness,
human love.......

19. Use of technologyManual works
Agricultural Industrial
Traditional world Modern world
Positive effects
=> A leading country, hold an important role in the world

20. Negative impacts
 City: overcrowded and dirty “Mushroom towns”Working Conditions: unsafe, unsanitary and
inhumane
Time work: 12 or 14 hours/dayNo vote Child labor

21. Luddite Riots

22. Changes in Themes
 The Romantic movement: against industrialization
and mechanization
William Blake (The Chimney Sweepers): portray
the misery of a child labor
 Charles Dickens ( Hard Time): the poverty
and the harsh life of the working class
Jane Eyre (Wuthering Heights ): the beauty of
the nature was destroyed by mechanical devices.

23. Changes in Language
Before 18th century
•Divine works of arts
•Written by the
aristocracy
In 18th century: the industrial
revolution
• The voice of common people
 
 Conclusion
Industrial Revolution has significant influence on the
themes and language of literary works.
• Popular form: poetry
• Form: essays, fiction, and
poetry
• Express thought and feeling
• The language : vernacular

26. Causes Of The Romantic Period
•People had time to appreciate the arts
•Wealthy patrons were no longer needed to
support artists
•Failure of The Enlightenment gave way to a new
type of thinking
I don’t need a
reason to cry
EMOTION

28. •Trends was a new appreciation of the
medieval romance.

29. The Romantic
a tale or ballad
of
chivalric adventure
on
individual
heroism
on
the exotic
&
the mysterious
the elegant
formality
artificiality
Classical forms
of
literature
emphasised

31. the “spontaneous
overflow of
powerful
feelings”

32. Nationalism
The second phase of Romanticism (1805 - 1830s)
• was marked by a quickening of
cultural nationalism and a new attention to
national origins.

33. Nationalism
The second phase of Romanticism (1805 - 1830s)
•English Romantic poetry had reached its zenith in the works.
Percy Bysshe ShelleyJohn Keats  Lord Byron

34. Individualism
•Greater importance on intuition, instincts, and
feelings
•The artist has become the hero

35. Individualism

36. Poets of the Romantic Poem

37. The Romantic poets showed their interests in
imagination, individual personality, liberty, nature,
children and simply people

38. Samuel Taylor Coleridge
(1772-1834)
                                        +English lyrical poet, critic, and
philosopher
+The leader of Romantic poetry

39. 1791:Begins University
Coleridge enrolls at Cambridge University as a member
of Jesuit College. He arrives just after William
Wordsworth graduates.

40. 1795
Coleridge marries Sara Fricker, the sister of Robert Southey's
fiancée. Their marriage turns out to be an unsuccessful and
unhappy one

41.                       1796
In December the family moves to Nether
Stowey in the Lake District.
1797
Meets Wordsworth.From it
resulted Lyrical Ballads, which opened with
Coleridge's "Rime of the Ancient Mariner" and ended with
Wordsworth's "Tintern Abbey".

42.              2. Main works 
1798 The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
1816 Christabel , an unfinished narrative poem.
1816the dreamlike poem Kubla khan ,
composed under the influence of opium.
1817Biographia Literaria

43.                 Coleridge’s poetry
+Content supernatural characters
+AimTo give them a semblame (aspect) of the truth
+Style: Archaic language rich in sound devices
+Main interestThe creative power of imagination

44. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is the longest major
poem by the English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge,
and published in 1798 in the first edition of Lyrical 
Ballads

45. 1834
Coleridge dies at the Gillman home of heart and lung
problems. He is buried in the aisle of St. Michael's
Church in Highgate

46. George Gordon Byron
(1788 – 1824)
known simply as Lord Byron

47. 1808
Byron receives his degree from Cambridge.
In 1809, he went on a two-year-long
voyage to Europe and returned home in 1811

48. In 1812, Byron pulished the first two parts of his major
work “Child harold’s Pilgrimage in which he described
his journey to foreign lands

49. Child harold’s Pilgrimage

50. Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, Cantos I & II (1812)
The Giaour (1813)
The Corsair (1814)
The Prisoner of Chillon (1816)
Darkness (1816)
The Lament of Tasso (1817)
Heaven and Earth (1821)
The Age of Bronze (1823)
The Island (1823
The Deformed Transformed (1824)
Don Juan (1819–1824; incomplete on Byron's death in 1824)

51. DON JUAN is the central work of George Gordon
Byron British poet

52. 1824
Lord Byron Dies
Byron dies of fever in Missolonghi, Greece at the age of
36. His body is returned to England and he is buried
near Newstead Abbey.

53. John Keats
(1795-1821)
+an English Romantic poet
+The poetry of Keats is characterized
by sensual imagery

54. John Keats foremost Themes

55. What makes John Keats a Romantic poet
“Beauty is truth, truth beauty, – that is all / Ye know on earth,
and all ye need to know“("Ode on a Grecian Urn“)
“I have two luxuries to brood over in my walks, your loveliness
and the hour of my death… I hate the world :it batters too much
the wrings of my self-will, and would I could take a sweet poison
from your lips to send me out of it”(1818)

56. Foremost works of John Keats
Poems (1817)
Endymion (1818)
"Ode on a Grecian Urn" (1819)
"Ode to a Nightingale" (1819)
"La Belle Dame Sans Merci" (1819)
"On Autumn" (1820)
Lamia, Isabella, The Eve of St. Agnes, and
Other Poems (1820)

58. 1821
John Keats dies.
John Keats dies of tuberculosis at the age of 25 in
Rome. He is buried in the Protestant cemetery.

62. Born on 7
th
, April 1770
in Lake District
Cockermouth, England

64. •Education
 Primary education: his mother taught him to
read and write.
 Educated at Hawkshead Grammar School.
 He made his debut as a writer in 1787 when
he published a sonnel in “ The European
Magazine”
 Received his BA degree in 1791.

65. •In 1791, he visited France and fell in love with
Annette Vallon.

67. •In 1795, Wordsworth was reunited with his
sister, Dothory.
William Dorothy
Coleridge
“ We Were Three Persons In One Soul”

68. •Produced Lyrical Ballads (1798)

69. •In 1802, Wordsworth married Mary
Hutchinson.

70. •Started to write a large and philosophical
autobiographical poems.

71. •Received an honorary doctorate in Civil Law
from the University of Durham
•Alo received the same degree from the Oxford
University.
•In 1842, the government awarded him a civil
list pension amounting £300.

72. • At the age of 80, he died on April 23, 1850.

73. Themes
•Nature

74. Themes
•Nature
•The Power of Humand Mind

75. Themes
•Nature
•The Power of Humand Mind
•Childhood

76. W
illiam W
ordsword’s poetic style

78. Simplicity

79. Plain-spoken and easy to
understand
One summer evening (led by her) I
found
A little boat tied to a willow tree
Within a rocky cove, its usual
home.
Straight I unloosed her chain, and
stepping in
Pushed from the shore. It was an
act of stealth
And troubled pleasure, nor without
the voice

80. Emotion

81. Imagination

82. Emphasis on
relationship between man
and nature

83. Almost always used blank
verse

84. Major works
•387 poems from 1790s to 1850
•Including the collection Lyrical
Ballads (1798) with Samuel
Taylor Coleridge
• Lyrical Ballads, with Other
Poems (1800). This edition
contains the famous Preface,
the Manifesto of English
Romanticism.
• Poems, in Two Volumes (1807).
• The Excursion (1814).
• The Prelude (1850).

85. The Prelude (1850)
•greatest works ever
written in English
Literature
•an autobiographical
poem written in 14
sections.
•The first version was
written in 1798
•Published it three
months after his death
in 1850.
•Written in blank verse

86. Extract from The Prelude
 
• One summer evening (led by her) I found
• A little boat tied to a willow tree
• Within a rocky cove, its usual home.
• Straight I unloosed her chain, and stepping in 360
• Pushed from the shore. It was an act of stealth
• And troubled pleasure, nor without the voice
• Of mountain-echoes did my boat move on;
• Leaving behind her still, on either side,
• Small circles glittering idly in the moon, 365
• Until they melted all into one track
• Of sparkling light. But now, like one who rows,
• Proud of his skill, to reach a chosen point
• With an unswerving line, I fixed my view
• Upon the summit of a craggy ridge, 370
• The horizon’s utmost boundary; far above
• Was nothing but the stars and the grey sky.
• She was an elfin pinnace; lustily
• I dipped my oars into the silent lake,
• And, as I rose upon the stroke, my boat 375
• Went heaving through the water like a swan;
When, from behind that craggy steep till 
then 
The horizon’s bound, a huge peak, black 
and huge, 
As if with voluntary power instinct,
Upreared its head. I struck and struck 
again, 380
And growing still in stature the grim shape 
Towered up between me and the stars, 
and still, 
For so it seemed, with purpose of its own 
And measured motion like a living thing, 
Strode after me. With trembling oars I 
turned, 385
And through the silent water stole my way 
Back to the covert of the willow tree; 
There in her mooring-place I left my bark, 
– 
And through the meadows homeward 
went, in grave 
And serious mood; but after I had seen 
390
That spectacle, for many days, my brain 
Worked with a dim and undetermined 
sense 
Of unknown modes of being; o’er my 
thoughts 
There hung a darkness, call it solitude 
Or blank desertion. No familiar shapes 
395
Remained, no pleasant images of trees, 
Of sea or sky, no colours of green fields; 
But huge and mighty forms, that do not 
live 
Like living men, moved slowly through the 
mind  400
By day, and were a trouble to my dreams.

87. Dyrp ypr3”:0E3r3:hr3:yEr33:ghTI:
n3 yToIn:TI:yE3:3Jyrh y:B: Structure: There are three main
sections in the extract .
In the first section the tone is
light and carefree. The scene is
bucolic and the poet employs
pretty, pastoral imagery
In the second section , there is a
volta, or distinct change in
mood. The tone becomes
darker and more fearful
In the final section, the narrator
reflects on how the experience
has changed him

88. TheMes