Epidemiology

EPIDEMIOLOGY INTRODUCTION FOR NURSING STUDENTS

1. INTRODUCTION TO EPIDEMIOLOGY MR.J.C.FRANKLIN Asst.professor

2. DEFINITION: Epidemiology is derived from Greek word “ epidemic ” EPI – up on DEMOS – people LOGOS – study Epidemiology means the study of disease in human population.

3. DEFINITION “ EPIDEMIOLOGY IS DEFINED AS THE STUDY OF THE DISTRIBUTION AND DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH RELATED STATES OR EVENTS IN SPECIFIED POPULATIONS AND THE APPLICATION OF THIS STUDY TO CONTROL THE HEALTH PROBLEMS”. - LAST-

4. HISTORY OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

5. ADAM AND EVE

6. HIPPOCRATES

7. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

8. CONCEPT OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

9. PLATO AND ROUSEAU: “ FAULT OF HUMAN LUXUARY”

10. HIPPOCRATES: “ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES”

11. LOUIS PASTEUR “INFECTIOUS DISEASES”

12. IBN KHATIMA: “SMALL MINUTE BODIES”

13. AIMS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

14. AIMS: TO DESCRIBE THE DISTRIBUTION AND SIZE OF DISEASE PROBLEMS IN HUMAN POPULATION. TO IDENTIFY THE AETIOLOGICAL FACTORS . TO PROVIDE THE DATA ESSENTIAL TO THE PLANNING, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION .

15. SCOPE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

16. ACCORDING TO DISEASE GROUP INFECTIOUS DISEASE EPIDEIOLOGY

17. CARDIO VASCULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY

18. CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY

19. ACCORDING TO GROUP OF FACTORS NUTRITIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY

20. REPRODUCTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY

21. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

22. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

23. MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY

24. GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY

25. COMPUTATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

26. USES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

27. Search of cause / causes of diseases Helps to describe the health status of population Helps to discover and bridge gaps in natural history of diseases. Helps in controlling diseases Helps in better management of health services

28. 1. IDENTIFY THE CAUSES OF DISEASES.

29. 2. HELPS TO DESCRIBE THE HEALTH STATUS OF THE POPULATION.

30. 3.TO CONTROL THE DISEASE TRANSMISSION.

31. 4.PLANNING, IMPLEMENTING AND EVALUATING HEALTH PROGRAMMES ON EVIDENCE BASIS.

32. TERMINOLOGIES USED IN EPIDEMIOLOGY

33. INFECTION: The entry and development or multiplication of an infectious agent in the body of man or animal.

34. ENDEMIC The constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a given geographical area or population group, without importation from outside. Eg . Common cold.

35. EPIDEMIC AN OUT BREAK OF DISEASE IN A COMMUNITY IN EXCESS OF NORMAL EXPECTATION AND DERIVED FROM A COMMON OR PROPAGATED SOURCE .

36. SPORADIC The cases occurs irregularly, haphazardly from time to time and generally infrequently. E.g.. Polio

37. PANDEMIC An epidemic which spreads from country to country or over the whole world. Eg . AIDS

38. ZOONOSES Diseases or infections which are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and men. eg . Rabies, plague

39. INCUBATION PERIOD This is the time interval between the entry of the disease agent into the body and the appearance of first sign and symptom of the disease.

40. CARRIER A person who harbors the disease agent without having any outward signs and symptoms.

41. ISOLATION A separation of a person with infectious disease from contact with other human beings for the period of communicability.

42. PATHOGENICITY Ability to cause the disease.

43. CONTAGIOUS A disease that is transmitted through contact. Eg . STD and Leprosy.

44. RESERVOIR The habitat ( place for living) where an infectious agent living, grows and multiplies.

45. VIRULENCE Measure the severity of disease.

46. FOMITES Inanimate articles other than food or water contaminated by the infectious discharges.

47. VECTOR Usually an arthropod eg . Mosquito which transfers an infectious agent from an infected person to a healthy person.

48. CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION HISTORY DEFINITION AIMS SCOPE USES TERMINOLOGIES