Ergonomic and work study, Lecture 1

E learning Course for Undergraduate and master's degree (WORKSTUDY AND ERGONOMICS)

1. Work study
Introduction :
Parts of work study
Work study
Method study WorkMeasurement
Method
improvement
Ergonomics

2. Definitions of work
study
Work study is systematic examination of
methods of carrying out activities such as to improve the
effective use of resources and to set up standards of
performance for the activities carried out.
Agenerictermforthosetechniques,whichare
usedintheexaminationofhumanworkinallits
contexts,andwhichleadsystematicallytothe
investigationofallthefactorswhichaffecttheefficiency
andeconomy.

3. Method study
In method study we are use the techniques to examine work
or the process.
This study considers what is done and how it is done.
There is a systematic analysis of all elements, factors,
resources and the relationships affecting the efficiency and
effectiveness of work being studied.
It was originally designed for the analysis and improvement
of repetitive, manual work, but it can be used for all types of
activity at all levels of an organization.
The purpose of the study is to find economy of the money,
economy of human effort, economy of time, material, skill,
space machine time and tool etc.

4. Cont…
Definition :
the method study is the scientific , analytical
procedure for determining preferable work method
considering ,
The raw materials
The design of the product
The order of the work
The tool, workplace and equipment for each individual step
in process
The hand body motions step used in each step.

5. Stages of methods study
It is a general problem solving strategy. Method study
represent following stages.
1.Select a task to study.
2.Record the facts about it.
3.Examine these.
4.Develop a new method.
5.install/implement it.
6.Maintain it.

6. Work measurement
Work measurement has importance in the industrial
engineering department. it is also called as a time
study.
Definition:
it is the judgment, in terms of in terms of value
involving human efforts. It produces time standers for
the performance by man or by group of men.

7. Purpose of the work
measurement
To set schedules
To determine supervisory objectives
To set a labour standards for the ‘satisfactory’ performance.
To determine no. of machine that people may run.
To balance the work of crews of production line.
To compare alternative methods.
To determine standard cost.
To determine requirement of labour and equipments.
To determine basic time or standard data.
To determine the prices of piece or incentive wages.

8. Techniques for work
measurement

9. ergonomics
It is application of knowledge about human
capabilities and limitation to the design of workplace,
equipment, tools, work methods, products and
organizational structures.
The purpose of the ergonomics is to promote physical
comfort , productivity and efficiency.
The term ergonomics is derived from two Greek words.
‘Ergo’ means work and ‘nomoi’ means natural laws.
It studies the human capabilities in relationship to
work demand.

10. Principles of
ergonomics
While working all activities should permit the worker to
have several different healthy and safe postures.
Work activities should be perform with the joints at about
mid point of their range of movement . This applies
particularly to the head, trunk, upper limbs.
---it is impossible to understand the control of
movement without understanding the human bodies as a
mechanical system with respect to its internal external
force.

11. The factors, which affect while men is on
the job
Force used by man. Its exertion.
Repetition of same action again and again.
Awkward posture of un natural style.
Overexertion due to excessive strength used on job.
Temperature, ventilation and humidity at the workplace
due to typical condition.
Noise created by machines, persons, speeches etc.
Seeing continuously at unnatural level and positions and at
lighting etc.

12. Computer related problems
Workstation design.
Keyboard working height.
Wrist rests.
Monitors.
Chair design and adjustment procedure.
Manual material handling at workplace.

13. Physical postures
Lifting weight
1

14. 2
lifting weight

15. Posture while sitting on a chair
3

16. Posture while sitting on a chair and looking
at…
4

17. Pc monitor and sitting posture
5

18. Ergo reminders

19. exercis
e
nutrition relaxation
body mind spirit

20. Thank you !