Essential grammar in use (with answers)

ae CAMBRIDGE
Mammar
erence

: Essential
Grammar
in Use Aself-study

reference
and practice
book for
elementary
students of
English

SECOND é with answers
EDITION

Raymond Murphy

6666666666666 66666 CC CC EEE OH GED

Contents

‘To the student
‘To the teacher
Thanks

Unit
1 am/is/are

2 amis/are (questions)

3 Lam doing (present continuous)

4 are you doing? (present continuous questions)
5 I do/work/like et. (present simple)

6
7
8
9

I done … (present simple negative)
Do you ...2 (present simple questions)

Tam doing and I do (present continuous and present imple)
Thave ... / ve got

10 was/wore

11 worked/got/went etc. (pastsimple)
de … Did you ...? (past simple neg

was doing (past continuous)

14 Twas doing (past continuous) and I did (pas simph

15 Ihave done (present perfect 1) 5

16 Pye just... Pve already... T haven't... yet (present perfect 2)

17 Have you ever ...? (present perfect 3)

18 How long have you ... ? (present perfect 4)

19 for since

20 Thave done (pres

21 isdone — was done (passive 1)
22 is being done has been done (passive 2)

perfect) and I did (pas simple)

23 be/have/do in present and past tenses
24 Regular and irregular verbs

25 Tused io...

26 What are you doing tomorrow?
27 I'm going to -.

28 will/shal (1)

29 will/shall 2)

30 might
31 can and could

32 must mustn't needn't
33 should

34 Ihave to .

35 Would youlike...? ali
36 there is there are

37 there was/were there has/have been there will be
38 It...

io}

39

Lam Idon’tet.

Have you? Are you? Don't you? ete

too/either so am / neither do Tec

YE haven’t don'tete. (negatives)
have you...? do they ...? ete. (questions)

sw you? Who did you see? (questions 2)

Who is she talking to? What is it like? (questions 3)

What ..? Which ...? How...?

How long does it take ...?

Do you know where ...? I don't know what

She said that … He told me tha
work/working go/going do/doing

to ... (1 want to do) aná -ing (I enjoy doing)
Twant you to... Ltold you to

went to the shop to

goto. goon... gofor go-ing
get

do and make

have

me he/him — they/them ete.

Lts mine/yours/hers etc

Vme/my/mine
myself/ yowrself/themselves etc.

= (Ann's camera / my brothers car) et.
a/an
flower(s) bus(es) (singular and plural)

a car/ some money (countable/uncountable 1)
a car / some money (countable/ancountable 2)
a/an and the

the...

go to work / go home / go to the cinema
Tlike music I hate exams

the... (names of places)

this/that/these/those
‘one/ones

some and any.

not+ any no none

not + anybody/anyone/anything _nobody/no-one/nothing
somebody/anything/nowhere et

‘every and all

all most some any no/none

both either neither

lor much many

(a) litte (a) few

84 old/nice/interesting etc. (adjectives)
85. quickly/badly/suddenly etc. (adverbs)
86 old/older expensive / more expensive
87 older than … more expensive than
88 not as... as

89 the oldest the most expensive

90 enough

91 100

92. He speaks English very well. (word order 1)
93 always/usually/often etc. (word order 2)
94 still yet already

95 Give me that book! Give it co me!

96 at 8 o'clock on Monday in April
97 from...to until since for

98 before after during while

99 in at om (places 1)
100 in at on (places 2)

101 to in at (places 3)

102 under behind opposite etc. (prepositions)

103 up over through etc. (prepositions)

104 on at by with about (prepositions)

105 afraid of... good at... etc. _preposition +~ing (good at -ing etc)
106 listen to... look at... ete. (verb + preposition)

107 goin fall off run away etc. (phrasal verbs 1)
108 put on yourshoes put yourshoes on (phrasal verbs 2)
109 and but or so bet
110 When

111 Ifwe go... Ifyou see .
112 KI had... Ifwe went.
113 aperson who... a thing that/which ... (relative clauses 1)

114 the people we met the hotel you stayed at (relative clauses 2)

Appendices
Appendix 1 Active and pasive 239

Appendix 2 Listof irregular verbs 240,

Appendix 3 Irregular verbs in groups 241

‘Appendix 4 Short forms (he's /T'd / don't etc) 242

Appendix Spelling 244

‘Appendix 6 Phrasal verbs (look out / take offetc) 246

Appendix 7 Phrasal verbs + object (ll ima form / put out a ire etc) 247

‘Additional exercises 248

Kay to Exercises 265
Key to Additional exercies 293

Index 296

IC)

To the student (working without a teacher)

‘This is a grammar book for clementary students of En
the book and each units about a different point of En
‘of units atthe beginning of the book (Content)

sh. There are 114 units in
ish grammar. There sa lis

Do not study all the units in order ftom beginning to end. Itis better to choose the
units chat you need todo. For example, you have a problem with the present
perfect (have been, he has done etc), use the Index (at the back ofthe book) to find
the unit (or units) you need to study (Units 15-20 forthe present perfect

Each unit i two pages. The information ison the left-hand page and the exercises
are on the right:

Information
(et)

You can use the book inthis way:

1 Lookin the Contents and/or Index to find the unit that you need.
2 Study the ef hand page (information)

3 Do the exercises on the right-hand page.

4 Use the Key to check your answer

5 Study the left-hand page again
Don’t forget the seven Appendices at the back of the book (pages 239-247). These
will give you information about active and passive forms, iregular verbs, short
forms, spelling and phrasal verbs

cesar

‘There ae alo Additional cxorises at the back of the book (pages 248-264). There is
alist ofthese exercises on page 248,

Exercises
(ight)

To the teacher

The mos important features ofthis book are:

+ Teis grammar book. Ie deals only with grammar and i nota g
book.

Iris a book forelementary leaner Ie docs not cover arcas of grammar which
are not normal taught at elementary level

+ ltcombines reference and exercises in one volume.

«Tecan be used forsel-tudy or as supplementary course material.

Organisation of the book

‘There are 114 units in the book, each one focusing on a particular area of
grammar, The material is organised in grammatical categories such as tenses,
questions and articles. Units are nor ordered according to difficulty, and should
therefore be selected and used in the order appropriate for the learner(). The book
should nor be worked through from beginning to end, The units are liste in the
Contents and there isa comprehensive Index at the end of the book.
© Each unit has the same format consisting of two facing pages. The grammar
point is presented and explained on the left-hand page and the corresponding
‘exercises are on the right, There ae seven Appendices (pages 239-247) dealing with
active and passive forms, iregular verbs, short forms (contractions) spelling and
phrasal verbs. Ie might be useful for teachers to draw students attention to these.

‘This new edition of Essontial Grammar in Use also contains a set of Additonal
exerts (pages 248-264). These exercises provide ‘mixed’ practice bringing
together grammar points fom a number of different units (mainly those
‘concerning verb forms), There are 33 exercises in this section and there ia fll list
‘on page 248,

Finally, there isa Key at the back ofthe book (pages 265-295) for students to
check their answers. An edition without the Key is lso available for teachers who
would prefer their students to use tis,

Level

‘The book is for elementary learners, i.e. lcarners with very litle English, but 1
would not expect it to be used from the fist day of a course for complete
beginners Its intended mainly for elementary students who are beyond the very
caries stages ofa beginners’ course, Ie could also be used by lower intermediate
learners whose grammar is weaker than other aspects oftheir English or who have
problems with particular areas of ‘elementary’ grammar.

‘The explanations are addresed to the elementary learner and are therefore as
simple and a short as possible. The vocabulary used in the examples and exercises
has also been restricted so thatthe book can be used a his level

Using the book
“The book can be used by students working alone (sce To the student) oras
supplementary course material In either case the book can serve as an elementary
‘grammar book,

sl

When used as course material, the book can be used for immediate
consolidation or for later revision or remedial work. It might be used by the whole
‘css or by individual students needing extra help and practice.

In some cases it may be desirable to use the left-hand pages (presentation and
explanation) in class, butt should be noted that these have been written for

ividual study and reference. In most cases, it would probably be better for the

teacher to present the grammar point in his/her preferred way with the exercises
being done for homework, The left-hand page is then available for later reference
by the student.

‘Some teachers may prefer to keep the book for revision and remedial work. In
this case, individual students or groups of students can be directed to the
appropriate nits for self study and practice

Changes from the first edition
“The main changes from the first edition are:

© There are six new unit:
Unit 16. present perfect + just/aeady/yet
Unit 22 passive (is being done / las Ben done)
nit 25 used to
Unit 56 do and make
Unit 537 have
Unit 112 ¿FL had... /ifwe went... etc.
“There is also a new appendix on active and passive forms (Appendi 1).

‘© Some of the material has been revised and reorganised. For example, the
‘content of Units 99-100 (in/at/on in the new edition corresponds to Unit 94
and part of Unit 96 inthe old edition.

‘© Some units have been redesigned, for example Unit 41 (originally 39) and
Unit 54 (originally 52)

‘© Some of the units have been reordered and (after Unit 8) nearly all units have

rat number from the original edition. À few units have been moved to
parts of the book. For example, Unit 50 (uork/working etc.) was

ally Unit 34.

‘© Many of the lef-hand pages have been rewritten and many of the examples
changed. Ina few cases there are significant changes to the content, for
example Unit 51 (originally 47), Unit 73 (originally 68) and Unit 82.
(originally 77).

‘© Many ofthe original exercises have been modified or completely replaced
with new exercises (or example, Units 4 and 5)

© Theresa new section of Additional exe atthe back ofthe book (e
Organisation ofthe bok above)

Thanks

For their help in producing this new edition of Essential Grammar in Use, I would
like to thank Jeanne MeCarten, Nöirin Burke, Liz Driscoll, Chris Hamilton-Emery,
Geraldine Mark, Jane Walsh, Pam Murphy, Ruth Carim and Lelio Palin

Drawings by Richard Deverell, Richard Eckford, Sue Hillwood-Harris and
Amanda MacPhail
Book design by Peter Ducker MST.

am/is/are

A wa
(Em American, Pm from Chicago,
E
(a (Meere

Fr
Dan ie m

other is journal = rn imerestedin at.)

(iy Favourite colar blas)

B pat

negative
T am En) Tam not (Um not)

hey the) he (he's not or eden’)
seo fees) a Jo mot icsnot or cia)
Gey A (tence or en)
men we (we're not or wearnt)
Ir ea) pipes not Gourre not or youaren')

they} Gers | | hey Gheyre mot or they are)

l'im cold. Can you close the window, please?
l'in 32 years old, My ssteris 29.
¡e My brother is very tll. He's a policeman,
John is afiaid of dogs. se Sor
‘ele’ ten o'clock. You're ate again.

sin and I are good Friend:
‘© Your keys are on the table ais

Ce
Se

NI

Um tired but I'm not h
“e Tom isn’t interested in politics, He's interested in music
“Jane isn’t at home at the moment. She's at work,

© Those people aren’t English, They're Australian

‘eles sunny today but it is warm.

C that's=thatis there's =chereis — here's = hereis
Thank you. That's very kind of you,
Look! There's Chris.

Here yourkey. “Thank you!

[IO] amivare Gueion)= ETE] there vere => EME san

000
£
3

EXERCISES 1
1.1 Wit the short form (she's /we aren't et).
1 sheis _ she’s 3 itisnot 5 Lam not
© 2 theyare 4 dis 6 youare not

212 Putinam, isorare,

= 1 The weather is. nice today, 5 Look! There ...... Carol.
2 1 not tre. 6 Mybrother and I... good tennis players,

A 3 Thisbag... heavy 7 Ann ooo. at home, Her children. at school
4 These bags. heavy. 8 1.......ataxidriver, Mysister a nurse.

13. Witefll sentences. Use Isfsn'Vare/aren

1 (your shoes very dirty) Your shoes are very dirty. pol den
= 2 (mybrotherateachen My

3 (this house not very big)
> à the shops not open today)

5 (any keys in my bag)

A 6 Genny 18 years old)
7 (you not very ll)

14 Lookat Lisa sentences (Unit 1A). Now write sentences about ours.

O 1 ame) My 6 (favourite colour or colour?)
2 (om?) 1 My

O 3) 1 7. (interested in...2)

a0 1

5 (married?) 1 ae TR
hal ME an ote of en

O15 Winte sentences forthe pictures. Use: afraid angry cold hat hungry thirsty

205

o &

She's thirsty.
2 They

peor ei de dine

{21.5 White tre sentences, postive or negative. Use am am not/is/snt/ re aren't
1 (1/ ineresedin polities) Um interested. (OR Um vob interested) in politics

2 (/hungo) 1
rie
IAS
5 (ny hands / cold)
© 6 (Canada / a very big country)
A 7 Gamonds cheap)
8 (1/ interested in football)
A © (Rome /in pain

à u

2 am/is/are (questions)

A pee poe ‘Whats your name?
ele
alias Er
eee le ares

“No, you're on time?
© 1 your mother at home?” “No, she’s out? e 5
Are your parents athiome? ‘No, they're ou: fa? Seiler an in
(old in your room?” "Yes, alte?
© Your shoes are nice. Are they new?

We ay:
‘Is she at home? / Is your mother at home? (no Is at home your mother?)
e Are they new? / Are your shoes new? (no "Are new your shoes?)

B Where ...2/ What ...?/Who ...?/How ...?/ Why
{© Where is your mother? Is she at home? "Where are you from?” "Canada?
“What colour is your car?" ‘Its red? eHow old is Joe” ‘He's 24”

How are your parents? Are they well © Why are you angry?
“e “How much are these postcards?” ‘Fifty pence?

cee
eam E En
MS |g :
[Ehe | If on wae

‘Are you tired?” "Yes, Lam.
“Are you hungey?” ‘No, Pim not but I'm thirsty’ ae
Is your friend English?” “Yes, he is.” lg oF YO fo
(Are these your keys?” “Yes, they are.”

e That my seat, ‘No, it isn't”

(12) amare pg on ‘what/which/bow > SEE)

EXERCISES

21 Find the right answers forthe questions.

unr

1 Where’ the camera? A 1.6
2 I yourcarblue? B 2
3 Islinda from London? | | c 3
4 Amine D 4
5 Where's Ana fon E 5
6 Whaccolourisyourbag? | | F No its black 6
7 Are you hungry? G Inyour bag 7
$ Hows Geom? H NovshetAmerican, | 8
9 Who's that woman? 1 Very well, D
2.2. Make questions with these word, Uses rare.
1 Gehome /yourmother?) ls our meter al heme?
2 (your parents / well) Are your parents well?
ee)
4 (Ge shops open today?)
5 (interested in spore/ you?)
6 (near here / the pos offic?) =
7 (school / your children?)
8 (why / yon ate?)
23 Complete the questions. Use Wha... Who... Where... How.
1 Ho are. your pacens? |. {Theyre very wall
2 Ah bus top? | | Arche end ofthe sect
3 your children? | | Five, six and ten
a these oranges? | | £1.20 kilo,
5 yourfivourte por? | | Skiing.
é (he marin chi photograph? | | Thats my father.
7 your newshoes? | (Black
2.4 Wile the questions. (Read the answers st) ® 9
1 (Dame) Whal’s your name m Br
2 | married or single?) Yon marre.
3 | American’) No, im Australian,
4 | how old) Im.
5 | (teacher) No ma lawyer.
6 | (wie lawyer) = No, she's a designer.
7 | om) She’ aan.
8 | (her nam Anna
9 | (how ok?) 2 She' 27

‘Write sort answers (Yes, Lam. /No, he Is, ic)
1 Are you married? No, Im nob,

2 Are you thirsy?
3 Isitcold today?

4 Are your hands cold? A
5 Isitdark now?
6 Are youa teacher?

ite

3 Lam doing (present continuous)

She's eating. Ie raining. They're running.
She isn’t reading. The sun ist shining. They aren't walking.

‘The present cor :
am/is/are + doing/cating/running/ writing ec

Tam (ea) Ang Tim working
=
fle (00), ag

The phone is ringing,
we Were having
you | are (not) -ing Yowre not Istening to me. (or You aren't...)
they ‘The children are doing their homework

B an/i/ers + ing = something i happening or
in oda
she's wearing hut
they're playing football
Tim not watclng evisos

past ow ——_____— future

+ Please be quiet. 'm working.
+ Look at Suel She's wearing.

‘The weather isnice at the

‘Where are the children?”

(on the phone) We're having dinner now. Can you phone again later?
+ You can turn off the televisio

1git now)

Spelling (> Appendix 5):
come coming write writing dance dancing,
run > running sit>siting sim > svimming
lie > lying

iq seen Tam doing and do > [ETE
at ae you doing tomorrow? => ESTE

EXERCISES

31 Whatare these people doing? Use these verbs to complete the sentences:
eat have lie play sit wait

{
1 Shels eating. an apple. 4 on the floor.
2 He forabus. 5 breaks,
3 They football. 6 on the table

3:2 Complete the sentences. Use one of these verbs:
build cook go have stand stay swim work

1 Please be quiet working.

2 ‘Where’ john? He‘ in the kitchen, He

3 You ‘ony foot? "Ob, Pn sory”

4 Look! Somebody in the river

5 Wete hereon holiday. We at the Central Hote
6 ‘Wheres Ann?" ‘She a shower

7 They new cheat inthe ety centre a the moment
81 now. Goodbye

3.3 Lovkatthe picture. Write sentences about Jane. Use She's Ing or She isnt-ing
1 (have dinner) „Jane isn’t having dünner,

3 (icon the floor) She
4 (read a book)

5 (play the piano)

6 (auch)
7
8

(wear ha)
(rite a leer)

3.4 What'shappening a the moment? Writ true sentences.

1 (7 wash / my hir) Pm not washing my hair,
2 {i/snow) "Ws snowing. OR 1e int snowing,
3 /sit/ ona chan

4 1/09

5 (rain)

6 (L/ learn / English)

7 (17 listen 10 music)

8 (the sun / shine)

9 (/ wear/ shoes)

10 (1/ read / a newspaper)

2 (atch elevsion) She's watching television

A

c

-19

are you doing? (present continuous questions)

poi quen
I am am 1
he) | doing pe | doing?
sh fi working he | working?
iJ | going
ia à
ere you
they

e Ts training
© Why are y

© Whats Paul doi ding the newspaper!

“They're watching television!
‘+ Look, there’ Sally! Where's she going?
© Who are you waiting for? Are you waiting for Sue?

Study the word order:

on
a working tay?
ee)
Wee up tee re
Wher: are thotepeople going? (not Where ae ging os peopl?)
Ye, Tam Ne, Fv
i la le
vol ef nal Js or a e Ji
ï je i
vex{ youre, | no ote fot or na { are
ds io de

‘Are your fiends saying at a hotel

‘No, they aren't. They e staying with me?

Lam doing = ‘What are you doing tomorrow? => E accion: = EERE

41

42

43

EXERCISES 4

Lookat the pictures and write the questions.

Peer —)

NYS aes TI AE

| ei See Tao Le
i Bene 3

m N

Look tthe pictures and complete he questions. Us one ofthese
cry eat go laugh lookat read

Wie questions from these words, Use fs orare and put the words in order.
1 (working / Paul / today?) 15 Paul working today?

2 (what / doing / he children?) „What are the children doing?
3 (you / listening to me?)

2 (where / going / your friends?)

5. (your parents / television / watching?)

6 (what / cooking / Ann?)

7 (why / you / looking / acme?)

8 (coming / the bus?)

Wire short answers (Yes, lam. /No, he isn't et.)

1 Are you watching TV? Nos Im vob. 4 Isierainin

2 Are you wearing a watch? 5. Are you sitting on the foor?
3 Are you eating something? 6 Are you feeling well?

ity

us]

I do/work/like etc. (present simple)

“They e looking at their books,
‘They read a lot,

‘They read / he likes / 1 work et = the present simple

Vwe/you/they read like work live watch do have
hhe/she/it reads likes works lives watches does has
Remember

he works / she lives /e ains et
© Twork ina shop. My brother works in a bank... (1o1'My brother work’)
© Linda lives in London. Her parents live in Scotland,
© Te rains alot in winter.

have > he/she/ithas:
‘© John has a shower every day.

Spelling (> Appendix 5)
os afer-s/-sh/-ch: pass —> passes finish finihes watch > watches
y ies: study studies — uy > ies
ali: do > does go goes

We use the present simple fo things that are true in general, or for things that happen
sometimes or all he time:
big cities

The shops open at 9 o'clock and close at 5.30.

im works very hard, He starts at 7.30 and finishes at 8 o'clock in the evening.
The Earth goes round the Sun.
We do a lot of diferent things in our free time,
lt costs a lot of money to stay at luxury hotels

always/never/often/sometimes/u

ly + present simple
"© Sue always arrives at work early. (not Sue arrives always)

© Lusually go to work by car but sometimes I walk. (nor "I go usually)
© Julia never eats breikfist

(© Tom lives near us, We often see him.

don’t... (negative) => BEY Do you … (qesiom) [ETE Lam doing and do = CTI
says/ ually often te, (nord onde)

51

EXERCISES:

Write these verbs + sors.
1 (read) she reads, 3 fy) it 5 (have) she

2 (think) he 4 (dance) he 6 (finish) it

Complete the sentences about the people in the pictures. Use these vers:

esto go live play play sleep

1 4 tennis,
2 They ina very big house. 5 to the cinema a lot.
3 alotof uit. 6 ight hours a night.
Compete the sentences. Use these verbs:

boil close cost cost like like meet open speak teach wash
1 Margaret. SPeaks.. four languages.

2 In Britain the banks usually 2t 9.30 in the morning.

3 The City Museum at5 o'clock in the eve

4 Tinaisa teacher. She mathematics to young children.

5 My job is very interesting. 1 alot of people

6 Peter his hair ewicea week

7 Foodis expensive. It alot of money

8 Shoes are expensive, The; à lot of money.

9 Water at 100 degrees Celsius

10 Julia and Lare good friends, I her and she me.

‘Write sentences from these words. Put the verb in he right form (arrive or arrives et)

1 (always / ea /Sue/ arrive) Sue almays arrives carly,
2 (basketall/1/ play / offen) 1

3 (work / Margaret / hard / usually)

4 nny / alas / ice clothes / wean)

5 (inner / we / have / always /at 7.30)
6 (television / Tim / watch / never)

7 ike / chocolate / children / usually)
8 (lia / parties / enjoy / always)

‘Write sentences about yourself. Use always/never/otten/sometimes/usually.

1. (watch television) | never watch television, / | usually watch television in the. evening. (et)
2 (read in bed) 1

3 (getup before 7 o'clock)

(goto work/school by bus)

5 (drink coffee)

10

6 I don’t ... (present simple negative)

Sad

mes

Sie doen't dk, Heben ite sob
nl
ze.
la Bu eas | woe
eye ae 1
works do
de [kes | | he | doce moe | hve
she | does 1e | (does)
"has
Deere

Sue drinks tea but she doesn’t drink coffe.
You don’t work very hard

(© We don't watch television very often.

‘© The weather is usually nic, It doesn’t rain very often,
{© Gerry and Linda don’t know many people,

B Remember
Vwe/yousthey don’. eL don’t like football
he/she/it doesn't ‘+ He doesn’ like football

© Tdon't like Fred and Fred doesn’t like me. (ner Fred don’ like)
© My car doesn't use much petrol. (ot My car don't use‘)
smetimes he is ate but it doesn’t happen very often,

© Wewse don'e/doesn’e + infinitive (don't ke / docs’ speak / docsnt do et)
{don't like washing the car. I don't do it very oft

Sandra speaks Spanish but she doesn't speak Italian. (not ‘docs’ speaks)

+ Bil doesn't do his job very well. (nt Bill does is job)

+ Paula doesn't usally have breaks, (not “doesn. has)

RO) Ldovworkie cc een impk) = [ETE De you 2 orsntsimpe question) > EX

sa

EXERCISES

‘ite the negative.
1 1 play the piano very well | don’t play the piano very well.
2 Jane plays the piano very well. Jane

3 They know my phone number.
3 We work very hard

5 He hasa bath every day

{6 You do the same thing every day

Study the information and write sentences with ike,

1 Bill and Rose like classical music,

hon] en
mille
He) :
ke :
rt ev. oe: da. ten

1 (watch TV) 1 don't match TV very often. (OR | never... OR I often.)
2 (go to the theatre)

3 (ride a bicycle)

4 (eatin resaurants)

5 (rave by ra

‘Complete the sentences. ll ofthem ar negative Use don'tdoesn't + one of these verbs

cost go know rend see use wear

1 Lbuy a newspaper every day but somctimes { dom read. ie

2 Paul has a car but he i very often.
3 They like films but they to the cinema very often.
da is married but she ring.
much about politics, I'm not interested in it.

6 ls not an expensive hotel. It much to stay ther,
7 Brian lives near us but we Him very often

Putthe verb into the correct form, positive or negative

Maser tee a logias Enge Fremen, Ce tl Ss [ab
1 danke my job. Its very boring ike)

1
3 ‘Where’ Martin
4

‘Vmsorry. 2 (know)
Sue isa very quiet person. She very much. (talk)
Ji alot often. Is his favourite drink, (drink)

6 Wesnot true! 1 it! (believe)

7 Thats a very beautiful picture, 1 every much. (like)

8 Mark sa vegetarian. He ‘meat, (ea)

74

72

13

74

EXERCISES

te questions with Do
1 Tike chocolate, And you?

and Doss.

2 1 play tennis. And you? you
3 Tom plays tennis. And Ann? Ann

4 You live near here. And your friends?
5, You speak English. And your brother?
6 do exercises every morning. And you?
7 Sue often goes away, And Paul?

8 [want to be famous. And you?
9 You work hard. And Linda?

Do you like chocolate?

Vite questions. Use the words in brackets (..)+ da/does. Put the words in the right order

1 (where / live / your par
2 (you / carl / always / get up?)
3 (how often / TV / you / watch?)

3 (you / wane / what / for dinner?)
5 (lke / you / football?)

6 (your brother / like / football)

7 (what / you / do / in the evenings?)
8 (yoursister/ work / here?)

9 (the cinema / often / you / go?) =

10 (what / mean / this word?)

11 (often / snow /it/ here?)

12 (go / usually / to bed / what time / you?)

13 (how much / to phone New York / it / cost?)

14 (pou / for breakfast / have / usually / what?)

‘Complete the questions. Use these verbs:

ss? Where do your parents live?
Do you almays geb up early?

FR do da go le sat iaa wi (Y
1 What de m do >] 1 workina bookshop
2 ie | [OK
= aleros NA
4 onSatunda | | Sometimes,

5 How 2 to worte | | Ua by bus
oa san
7 What I

3 ieh? | [Yes he loves

Wirt short answers (Yes, he does. / No, I don't etc).
Do you watch TV alot? Nos L dont, OR Yes, ! de,
Do you live in a big city?

Do you often ride a bieycle?

Does it rain a lot where you live?

Do you play the piano?

pa

pa

I am doing and I do ,
(present continuous and present simple)

Jim is watching television.
He isnot playing the guitar.

But Jim has a guitar
He often plays it and he plays very well

Jim plays the guitar
but he is not playing the guitar now.

Ishe playing the guitar? No, he isn’t, (present continuous)
Does he play the guitar? Yes, he does. (present spe)

Present continuous (Lam doing) - now, at the time of speaking:

Pon doing

pest. 0. tt

x Pm working, (not ‘I work’)
Tom is having a shower at die moment. (nor “Tom has)
@ Take an umbrella with you. Ls raining,

You can turn off the television. I'm not watching it
@ Why are you under the table? What are you doing?

Present simple (1 do) — in general, all the time or sometimes:

eee O AAA

past ——————— now futuro
“e work every day fiom 9 o'clock to 5.30.
¡e Tom has a shower every morning
ic rains a lot in winter
don’t watch television very offen
‘© What do you usually do at the weekend?
We do not use these verbs in the present continuous (Lam -ing):
Tike love want know understand remember depend

prefer hate need mean believe forget

Use the present simple only with these verbs (I want / do you like? et):
“em tired. I want ro go home. (nor Tim wanting’)
‘Do you know that gir” Yes, but] don't remember her name’
don’t understand. What do you mean?

en) O ree en ce re

81

unır

EXERCISES 8

‘Answer the questions about the pictures.

1 Docs he take photographs? Yes, Me does. Ise aking photograph? No, Me tnt.
Wie doing? Hes having a bath
2 Isshe diving abu? Dost she deve a?

What is she doing?

3 Does he clean windows? she cleaning a window?
What she doing?

4 Are they teaching? Do they teach?
‘What do they do?

Putin amvis/re or dodon'Vdoes/doesn't

(sper ee

2 ‘Where's Ann? 1 know!

3 What's funny? Why you laughing?

4 “War your siter do?” “She a dents:

5 kt raining. 1 ‘want to go out in the rain,

6 ‘Where you come from?” “Canada:

7 How much it costo phone Canada?

8 George isa good tennis player but he phy very often,

Put he verb inthe present continuous (Lam doing) or he present simple (do)

1 Excuse me, Do.you speak. (you/speak) English?
2 ‘Where Tom? * He's hating. (he/have) a shower”
3 don't watch... (1/not/watch) television very oftes
3 Listen! Somebody. Ging.
5 Sandra is ired, (he/wanı) to go home now:
6 How oe (you/read) a newspaper?
7 “Excuse me but (you/sit) in my place? ‘Oh, I'm sorry!
$ Pon sorry (Unov/undersand). Can you speak more slowly?
9 esate. (Ugo) home now.
(you/come) with me?
10 What time (jour father / finish) work inthe evenings?
11 You can turn off the radio. (Unot/listen) co it
12 “Where Paul" ‘In the kitchen (he/cook) something?
13 Martin (nov/asually/drive) to work. He
CE
14 Sue (not/like) coffe. (he / prefer) tea.

ps

CE have ... /I’ve got...

A You can sy Ihave or Pve got, he has or he's got:

I 1 (ve got)
we we (we've got)
wave | OR ave got
you | you | have got | oye got)
they they (hey"we got)
he he (he’s got)
she [has | OR | she |has got | (che's got)
it it (ies gon)
© I've got blue eyes (r have blue eyes)
‘© Tim has got two sisters. (or Tim has two sisters)
© Our car has got four doors
‘© Diane int feeling wel. She's got a headache, (she's got = she has got)

‘They like animals, They've got a horse, three dogs and sx cats

Do e

er Ze len
you | (haven't) you No, | you | havente
de = En =

st |e be |e BE fae |

e I've gota motor-bike but I haven't got a car.
(© Mrand Mrs Harris haven't got any children
+ Is a nice house but it hasn't got a garden.
© “Have you got a camera? “No, have”
“What have you got in your bag?' "Nothing. I empty.
"Has Ann gota car?” ‘Yes, she has:
© What kind of car has she got?

© Léon have / do you have? et.
In negatives and questions you can also use do/does ...
‘© They don't have any children. (= They haven't got any children.)
+ Ik’ a nice house but it doesn't have a garden. (= it hasn’t got a garden)
© Does Ann have a car? (= Has Ann got à car)
+ How much money de you have? (= How much money have you got?)

had / dida have (ss) > ETRE] have breakfast / have a shower ce. => ETE]
Lo some/eny =

EXERCISES

te the short form (we've got/he hasnt got etc),

1 we have gor „WEVEGER 3 they have gor 5 ithas gor
2 he has gor 4 she has not got 6 Thave not gor

Wire questions.
1 (you / an umbrella? Have, you gob an umbrella?
2 (jou / a passport?)

3 (your father / a car?)

4 (Carol / many friend?)

5 (you / any brothers or sisters?)

6 (how much money / we?)

7 (what / kind of ear / Julia)

What has Tina got?
‘What have you got?
Look the information
and write sentences
about Tina and
yourself,

ag E

1 (acamera) Tara: has got a camera... ve got (OR {haven't got) a. camera.
2 (abicycle) Tina

3 dong hai

4 (brothers/sisters)

Putin have got (ve got), has got ('s got, haven't got or hasnt got
1 Sarah hasn't got _a car She goes everywhere by bicycle

2 ‘They like animals. They VE SE. thee dogs and two cats

3 Charles ie happy: He alot of problems

4 They don’t read much, They many books

5 “Whats wrong?” something in my eye

6 ‘Where’ my pen?” “don't know. 1 se

7 Julia wants to go o the concert bt she ticket.

Complete the sentences. Use have/has got or haven'Uasn' got + ane of these:

offriends four wheels sixlegs whendiche atoothache akey much ime wganden

m not feeling very well. 1'Ve got a headache,
lts a nice house but it ‚hasn got a garden.
Most cars

Everybody likes Tom. He

Tim going to the dents this morning, 1

He can't open the door. He

An insect

We must hurry. We

unr

pr

was/were

A Now Roberta work
At midnight last night he
wasnt at work
He was in be
He was seep

am/is (present) — was (past):
‘tam ted, (nos) ast lastnight
© Whereis Ann? ow) Where was Ann esterday?
© The weicher is good today. The weather war good last week
are (present) > were (past):
2 You are ate (mov) You were lt yesterday
© They aren't here (now) They werent here ast Sunday
B pi neste gum
1 1 a
he he [was not he
she [25 she | (wasn’t) was | she?
you [were || you [rest | were | you?
they they [ere they?

Last year Rachel was 22, so she is 23 now.
When I was a child, E was ara of dogs.

© We were hungry after the journey but we weren'e tired.
© The hotel was comfortable but it wasn’t expensive

2 Was che weather good when you were on holiday?

‘Those shoes are nice. Were they expensive?
© Why were you late this morning?

© short ansuers
helshevie was The/she/it wasn’t

Yes, No,
we/youlthey were, ‘we/youlthey weren't

© “Were you late?” “No, I wasn't!
© "Was Ted at work yesterday?” “Yes, he was?
“Were Sue and Steve ar the party?” “No, they weren't!

PS] envers EERIE 1 vas doing => ETA

10.1

EXERCISES

‘Look atthe pictures, Where were these people at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon?
Zz

unır

a BB

AA,

1 George was in bed. 4

2 Carol and Jack 5 E
3 Sue = 6 And you? 1

Put in amvis/are (present) or was/were (pat)

1 Last yearshe 1985, 22, so she 18.23 now.

2 Today the weather nice, but yesterday it very cold,
31 hungry. Can I have something to eat

3 Lee fine this morning but} very ire last might,

5 Where you at 11 o'clock last Friday morning?

6 Dont buy those shoes. They very expensive

7 Hike your new jacket, it expensive?

8 This ime lst year L in Paris.

9 “Where the children?” “don't know. They

Putin was were or wasn'Uweren'.
1 We weren't happy with the hotel. Our!

room MAS. very small and it 45M. very clean
il. He’ better now.

2 George at work last week because he
3 Yesterday a public holiday so che shops ‘closed, They're open today.

4° Sue and Bill at che party? ‘Sue there but Bill à

5 “Where are my key?“ dont know. They om the table but dheyre not there now!
6 You athome last night. Where you?

rite the questions. Use the words in brackets (

) inthe correct order + was/were,

A

1 (te u/s poring 7 u)
Wy Bere sat Lae in mar?

2 | (difficult / your exam?)

3 | (last week / where / Ann and Chris?)

4 | (your new camera / how much?)

(angry / you / yesterday / why?)

6 | (nice / the weather / last week?)

The rai was bad
No, it was cas

“They were on holiday
Sixty pounds

- Lb Because you were It

Yes, it was beautiful

129

11

10]

worked/got/went etc. (past simple)

‘They {swätehi| television every evening,
(present simple) \

‘They |wätehed] television yesterday evening.
(past simple)

‘watched is the pas simple

Vwe/you/they
hhe/sheri_ | Watched ©
=

The pas simple is often ed (regular vers). For example:

work > worked clean —>cleaned start — started
say stayed arrive arrived dance > danced

© I clean my teeth every morning, This morning I cleaned my teeth,
Terry worked in a bank from 1986 to 1993,
© Yesterday it rained all morning, It stopped at lunchtime.
© We enjoyed the party ls night. We danced a lot and talked o a lot of people,
‘The party finished at midnight
Spelling (> Appendix 5)
uy tied sudy studied copy copied
stop —>stopped plan > planned.

Some verbs are imgular (= not regula). The past simple is wor =ed, Here are some important
irregular verbs (ee ao Appendix 2-3):

begin > began | fill > fell Teave left sell > sold
break broke | find found | lowe Tost sit sat

bring brought | fly Mew make made | sep slepe
build baile forget forgot | meet met speak spoke
buy bought | ger got pay paid stand stood
cach caught | give gave put put take took
come came | go went | read read /ed/*) tell told

do aid have had ring rang thought
ink drank | hear heard | ay said won

eat ate know knew [se saw wrote

© usually get up early but this morning I got up at 9.30,
We did a lot of work yesterday

‘© Caroline went to the cinema three times last week

+ Jim came into the room, took off his coat and sat down,

war/were > ETRE] 1dide ../ Did you. ?(oogaive and question) = EE ago > CE

nm

14

ns

ur

EXERCISES 11

Complete he sentences, Use one o these vers in tho past simple:
‘lean die enjoy finish happen open rain start stay want
1 { cleaned. muy goth treo times yesterday

2 lt vas hot in the room, sol the window

3 The concert 27.30 and at 10 o'clock
4 When was a child, 1 tobe a doctor

5 The accident last Sunday afternoon,
6 esa nice day today but yesterday it all day.

7 We ‘our holiday lst year. We aca very nice place,
8 Ann’ grandfather ‘when he was 90 years old

te the past simple ofthese verbs.

1 gee gb 4 py 7 © 10 know
2 se 5 vie think 11 pur
3 play 6 buy 9 copy 12 speak

Read about Lisa's journey to Madrid. Put the verbs in Ihe correct form,

Last Tuesday Lisa (1) A. fom London to Madrid, She @) u | Agee
ats clock in eh and) acupofcofe. Ara | have

she) home and 5) to theatport When she lene, drive
© she) the cara then () tothe airport | arrive, park, go
fe were she) Brcakfst Then she (10 through | have, go
passport contol and (1) forher fig. Th plane (13) sait depart
Sn me and (3) a Madrid wo hour er Finally he

ay 2 ani om the airport to herorelin the centre of Madrid. | ake

to sentences about the past (yesterday /tast week lc)

1 Jim always goes to work by ear. Yesterday Re Went: to work by car.

2 Rachel often loses her keys. She last weck,
3 Kate meets her friends every evening. She yesterday evening.
4 usually bay two newspapers every day. Yesterday I

5 We usully go to the cinema on Sundays. Last Sunday we

6 at an orange every day. Yesterday I

7 Tom always has a shower in the morning, This morning he
$ Our friends come to see us every Friday. They last Friday

‘Write sentences about what you did yesterday
| played. volleyball yesterday, 4

Bi

I didn’t Did you ... ?
(past simple negative and questions)

A Wu didin pas as

infinie pose negative question

‚pe negatives and ques

1 | phy?
watch?
have?
do?

ie | go

did

B do/does (presen) > did (pos):
© 1 don't watch television very often.
© 1 didn’t watch television yesterday.
© Does she often go away?
© Did she go away last week?

© Weusedid/didn’t + infinitive (wateh/play/go ci):
Lvatched but didn't watch (uo dt watched!)
they went id they go? (not ‘id they went?)
hi had he did have
you did did you do?

+ 1 played tennis yesterday but 1
“Did you do the shopping?”
© We went to the cinema but we didn’t enjoy the film.

D Sudy the word onder in quésioos
did ses + if

Did | yowrsiser | phone | you?
Wine | did | you do yesterday evening?
How | did | the accident | happen?

Where | did | yourparents | go for their holiday?

E short answers

Twe/yourthey | aia No [euh | gran.

Yes | he/shevit he/she/it

“e Did you see Joe yesterday?” “No, I didn't”
© Did it rain on Sunday?” “Yes, it did?

© ‘Did Helen come to the party "No, she didn’t?

© Did your parents have à good holiday?” "Yes, they did?

worked/got/went cc (simp) =>

121

A125

EXERCISES 12
‘Complete these sentences withthe verb in the negative
1 Law Barbara but 1 didn’t see Jone,

2 They worked on Monday but they on Tuesday.
3 We went tothe post office but we tothe bank
4 She hada pen but she any paper,

5 Jack did French at school but he German,

Weite questions with Did ….?
1 Lwatched TV last night. Ar
2 Lenjoyed the party: And you?
3 Thad good holiday. And you?

4 finished work early. And you?

5 Islept well lastnight. And you?

‘What did you do yesterday? Write positive or negative sentences.

1 (watch TV) I watched TV. OR 1 didn’t watch TV.

2 (getup before 7 o'lock) 1

3 havea shower)

4 (buy a magazine)

5 (eat mex)

6 (go to bed before 10.30)

‘Write B's questions. Use:

ive cost go gotobedlate happen haveanice time stay win

you? _Did you watch TV Last night?

1 A: We went 10 New York ast month, 5 A: We came home by taxi
B: Where „did you stay? B: How much 2
A: With some friends. A: Ten pounds.

2 Ar Las ae this morning. 6 A: Pim tired this morning.

B: What time 2]
A: Hal pae A: No, but I didn’t sleep very well

3 A: I played tennis this afternoon, 7 A: We went to the beach yesterday:

B >| >
A: No, Host A: Yes, levas great.

3 Ar Thad a nice holiday 8 A: The window is broken.

B: Good. Where 2 |B How ?
A: To the mountains A: 1 don't know:

Putihe verb inthe correct frm - postive, negative or question.
¡every good. We didnt enjoy. ic, (enjoy)

1 We went tothe cinema but the film was
2 Tim some new clothes yesterday ~ two shies, a jacket and a pullover. (buy)
de = yesterday?” ‘No, it was a nice day! (rin)

4 The party wasnt very good, so we Tong. (ay)

5 It was very warm in the mom, sol a window. (open)

6 “Did you go to the bank this morning? “No, I

7 ‘Leutmy hand this morning’ ‘How that? (do)

pr

BES | was doing (past continuous)

Itis 6 o'dlock now.
Sarah is at home
She is watching television

[At o'clock she wasn't at hon
She was atthe sports cub.

She was playing t
She wasn’t watching television,

sm a ss
al IA an

Playing she was playing playing

B was/were + -ing is the past continuous:

positive negative question
1 1
he he | was not
she she | (was)
you es were
da | Overen’e

What were you doing at 11.30 yesterday? Were you working?

‘What did he ay?" don’ know. I wasn't listening?

ie ining, so we didn’t go out.

© In 1985 we were living in Canada,

© Today she wearing a skirt, but yesterday she was wearing trouser,

+ 1 woke up early yesterday Te was a beautiful morning, The sun was shining and the
birds were singing.

Spelling (ive > living / run > running /lie lying etc) => Appendix 5

© amis/are + -ing (present) > was/were + ing (pas):

e I'm working (now). 1 was working at 10.30 last night
isn’t mining (now) Tewasn'e raining when we went out
© What are you doing (now)? What were you doing at three o'clock?

BA was/wore > EEES was doing sn di (pt consi and sil) > ETE

131

13

134

EXERCISES

Lotk at the pictures. Where were these people at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon? And what were they
doing? Write two sentences for each picture

ome 7
watch TV

1
3 Tom
3

5

6

And you? 1

Ann nas ab home. She was watching TV
Carol and Jack 2 They

Sarah did a ot o things yesterday morning. Look a the pictures and completo the sentences

UE]

AX

1 A09.45 she
2 ACILAS she
3 A9 o'clock

was washing her car.

Complete the questions. Use was/were ing. Use whaUwhere/why necessary.

{pou/live) Where were yen living. in 19902 In London

1
2 | (you/do) at20'clock? | | 1 was asleep

3 | Grain) ‘when you got up? | | No, ie was su

4 | (Ann/dive) so fast? | | Because she was ina hurry,
5 [Crimes à suit yesterday?

Look tte picture. You saw Je inthe street yesterday afternoon, What was he doing? Write positive or
negative sentences.

1 (wear /ajacket) He wasn’t wearing a, jacket.
2 (cary /abag)

3 (99 to the dentist

4 (Gx/anice-ceam)

5 (cary / an umbrella)

6 (go/ home)

7 (wear a hat)

8 (ide / bieylo)

untr

13

bs

pa

was doing (past continuous) and

1
I did (past simple)

Jack was reading a book,

The phone

What happened? The phone rang
What was Jack doing when the phone amg? |
Howes romina book }
What did he do when the phone ung?
He stopped rating and answered he phone
Jack began reading be
So: When the phone en

E
|

the phone ra
he was reading,

HEWAS READING

Te phone
‘ang

estopped reading. He answered the phone

(past simple)

(past continuons)

| asin

Fees] Fond |

in the phone

on

st simple

past continuous

© A: What did you do yesterday morning”
B: We played tennis. from 10 to 11.30)

PR nd
re mE)
| me ee,
WERNER)

¿complete cto)

+ Jack rend a book yesterday. (=
nning to end)
© Did you watch the film on television
base night?

PE rain while we were on holiday

+ A: What were you doing a 10.307
B: We were playing tennis
sexing
(ideo
Pett Se
we were playing
(onthe ctor)

© Jack was reading a book when the
phone nang,

© Were you watching television when I
phoned you?

© It wasn’t raining when I got up

© saw Lucy and

© Je

eve this morning. They
fall sleep while she was reading.

id (po sinpie) > NIE

1 as doing (st continuous) = SIRE

started work at 9 o'clock and finished at 4.30, At 2.30 I was working.
© le was raining when we went out. (= it tated ri

before we went out)
‘were waiting at the bus stop.

while + ENE

141

EXERCISES

ur

14

‘Look atthe pictures and put he verbs in he correct form, past continuous or past simple

Put the ver into the past continuous or past simple,
1A: Whae were. you doing

B: [mas matching. (watch television
2 A: Was ane busy when you went to see her?
Be Yes she
3 A: What time
Be le

4 A: Was Margaret at work today?
B: No, she

(you/do) when the phone

(come) white 1

Carol DOK... (break) her arm last

week. Ie (happen)
when she (pains)
her room. She

(fa) off the ladder.

The tain
at he station and Paula
(get) off. Two friends of hers, John and
Jen, (ait) to

(arrive)

ZU Yesterday Sue

(valk long the road when she
(once) Jim.
He (go) tthe
station to catch a rain and he
(carry) a bag,
They (0p) to
talk ora few mints.

rang. (ring?

(study)
(che post / arrive) this morning?

(have) breakfast

(not/go) to work. She was il

5 À How fat ‘(Gou/drive) wen the police
(0p) you?

DB: don't know exactly but (not/ drive) very fs
oA (your team / win) he football match yesterday?

Bi No, the weather was very bad, o we Got/ply)
7 À How (you/break) he window?

B We (pha) football. 1

(ich) the bal and it (big the window.

BA {you/see) Jenny ls nigh?

Bi Yeu she (over) a very nic jacket,
9 À What {yourdo) at 2 o'clock this morning?

Bi Twas asleep
AT (lose) my Key st night

B: How 0 your room?

AI à through a windows

pr

LE | have done (present perfect 1)

He has cleaned his shoes.
LE hisshocsare clean now)

[ey

‘They ate at home. ‘They have gone out.
(= they are not at home now)

B hascieaned / have gone cis the rn pes have + pas ppl)

pst parle
1 have (ve) cleaned 1 cleanec

we | have fed ave {| fished? |) mir es
you | have not (haven) | Sareea eee Ea started? }
they) Ion they | tose

a done te la
she | mas co) been tas {the | been? Jun sl
ye] has not (hasn’e) gone Es gone?

Regular verbs: The past participle is =ed (the same as the pas simple,
clean => 1 have cleaned finish => we have finished start she hus started.

Inegular vers: The past participle is sometimes the same as the past simple and sometimes

different (> Appendix 2-3). For example:

the same: buy => Tbought / have bought have he had / he has had
diferent: break > broke /I have broken sce => you saw / you have seen
fall it fell / i has fallen 180 — they went / they have gone

A er ne ee eer
Te lauren Ce {cast Gad ey peca)
à ‘hore Link” Shes gone 10 ed! (© se rin bed nw)
Se bonghtn nou oe renew cu ms)
16 Rachels hy tomorow and 1 have bought er a pret
‘Bob so ly?” Oh, here has he gone?
Can ake tis newspape Have You fied thi?

BS] prem peice presen pefct nd parie = GED) gob verbs => SUES

La UNIT
x EXERCISES 15
1541 Logkatte pires. What has happened? Choose rom:

gotobed clean-hinshoes stop raining close the door All down have a bath
r ice no
a 5
+» 2 mm MAA
- 10% - (OB
| | UE She
n Ih
= They
“
r He
y The
152
Ginish forget go go invite sce not/see take tall
1 Can lao this newspaper?” “Yes, ve Fried. wih?
A 21 some new shoes. Do you want ose then?
3 ‘Whereis Lit?” She out?
4 Pv loking for Paul you hee
5 Look! Somebody that window
A 6 Does ia know that youre goingaway?” el her!
7 Lean find my ambre Somebody ie
8 Falling for Sarah, Where ES
9 know hat woman Bu ber mame
10 Sue haiga prey tonight She lot of people
11 What are os going o do? you ?
© 12 Whereare my passes?" don't know. them,

ps

I've just... I’ve already... | haven’t... yet
(present perfect 2)

A rvejos

A: Are Diane and Paul here?
B: Yes, they've just arrived
A:

e A: Areyouh
B: No, Pve

on
B: No, Im afraid he's just gone,

‘They have just arrived, (= he has just gone)

B rveaiready
already = before you expected / before 1 expected
© A: What time are Diane and Paul coming?
B: ‘They've already arrived, (= before you
expected)
© és only nine o'clock and Ann has already gone
to bed, (= before I expected)
© A: John, this is Mary,
B: Yes, know We've already met.

yet / Have you... yet?
nil now
‘se yet in negative sentences and questions. Yee is usually a the end.

yet in negaie sentence
© A: Are Diane and Paul here?
B: No, they haven't arrived yet.
(but B expects Diane and Paul to arrive soon)
e A: Docs John know that you're going away?
B: No, I haven’t told him yet.
(ut Bis going to tell him soon)
© Margaret has bought a new dress but she hasn't
worn it yet.

yet in questions
$ A: Have Diane and Paul arrived yet?
B: No, not yet. Were still waiting for them,
® A: Has Linda started her new job yet?
B: No, she starts next week:
© A: This is my new dress
% nice, Have you worn it yet?

HO proenepefec > CAE word oder ENEE stl yet and already = IE

n unır

EXERCISES 16

16.1 Weit a sentence with just for ach picture.

162
1 What time is Paul arriving He's already arrived.
> 2] DoSueand Bil wanttosee the fim? | | No, dhey «
5 Dont forget to phone Tom. | |1
ns When is Marin going away? | | He
5| Doyou wane toread the newspaper? | |1
> 6 |_ When does Linda sart her new job? | [Sh
16.3 wrteasenence wt just They ve just. /She's us...) oranegtive sentence with yet Tey
. yet/She has... yet).
A be / 50/00
Sie ene gone out yet.
7
f
hy a
the / open / i) (they / finish their dinner)

16,4 Write questions with yet

1 1 Your friend has gota new job. Perhaps | 3 Your fiend must write a letter. Perhaps
she has started it. You ask her: she has written it now. You ask her
À Have you started your nen job yet?

4 Tom was trying to sel his ear. Perhaps he

2 Your friend has some new neighbours.
has sold it now. You ask friend about Tom:

Perhaps he has mot them. You ask him:
you

pa

sy) Have you ever ... ? (present perfect 3)

Have you been >)
A EE ann

Have you ever
Eu

No, I've never
Chase

We use he presen pet (have been / have had / have played etc) when we talk about a time
fon the past und now for example, a person’ ie
HAVE VOU EVER BEEN TO JAPAN?
time from the past unt now —

past now

“Have you been to France? (in your E) “No, I haven't?

ve been to Canada but I haven't been to the United States

‘© Mary is an interesting person. She has had many different jobs and has lived in many
places

‘© I've seen that woman before but I can't remember where

(© How many times has Brazil won the World Cup?

© ‘Have you read this book?" “Yes, Pve read it twice! (twice = (wo times)

B present pera + ever (in questions) and never:

“Has Ann ever been to Australia?” “Yes, once! (once = one time)
played golf” “Yes, I often play golf!

as never travelled by ir.

iden a horse.

e “Who is that man? "I dont know. ve never seen him befor

C gone and boon

oD) <a pa
Han & Hallo. Pve been \,
He's gone ‘on holiday. ve
105 fam \ been to Spain.
Bill has been 0 Spain mi
(he's in Spain now) (= he went to Spain but now he act)

Compare
cant find Susan. Where has she gone? (= Where is she now?)
e Oh, hello Susan! I was looking for you. Where have you been?

HI a pont pect and psp pm

mi

EXERCISES 17

Q

na

You are asking Helen questions beginning Have you ever … ? Write the questions.
(London?) Have you ever been to London? No never.
2 | (play golr Have you ever played golf? Yes, many times
3 No, never
4 Yes, once
5 No, never
6 Yes, afew times
7 | (New York?) Yes, vice
8 | rive /a bus?) No, never
9 | break / your leg?) Yes, once,
17:2 Wire sentences about Helen. (Look t her answers in Exercise 17.1)
1 (New York) „Helen has been to New York tice,
2 (Australia) Helen
3 (Chinese ood)
4 (drive /abus)
Now write about yours, How often have you done these things?
5 (New York) I
6 (ply / te
7 (dy ina helicopter)
8 (be lat for work or school)
173 Mary is 65 years old, She has had an interesting I. What has she done?
have be Glover the world _ alotofinteresung dl
u | do write many-diferentjebs 1€ of interesting people
travel meet ten books married three times
1 She has had many different jos.
2 She
3
4
Putin gone or been.
1 Bills on holiday at the moment. He's $00. xo Spain
2 ‘Where’ JP” ‘She’ not here. think she's tothe bank?
3 Hello, Sue. Where have you ? Have yo tothe bank?
4 Have you ever o Mexico?” “No, never?
5 My parents aren't at home this evening. They've out
6 There’ a new resaurant in town. Have you oie
7 Ann knows Paris well She’ there many times
8 Helen was here carr but I think she sw

(a

ua

How long have you ... ? (present perfect 4)

Jill is on holiday in Ireland, She is there now.

She arrived in Ireland on Monday.
Today is Thursday.

How long has she boen in Irland? yy,
since Monday. {CP
for dure days, SRE

eh boom |

Compare is and has been:
Sheisin Trend

Monday NOW
Sy

Are you married!

(nor How long are you married?)

Do you know Sarah? How long have you known her?
(ot How long do you know her?)

know Sarah I've known her for along time.
(ot Tow her for.)

Linda lives in London, How long has she lived in London?
She has lived there all her life

A have a car. How long have you had your car?

ve had it since April

present continuous present pere continuous (have been + ing)

Pm learning German. How long have you been learning German?
ning German

David is watching TV.

He's been (= He has been) wat
les raining, es been (= It has been) rai

ing TV since 5 o'clock
1g all day,

or and since SEE

unt
EXERCISES 18
Complete these sentences

1 Jitisin hospital. She has been in hospital since Monday
2 Tknow Sarah. 1 hase known her for à long time.

3 Linda and Frank are married. They married since 1989,
3 Brian sill, He il forthe las few days

5 We live in Scott Road. We there for ten years

6 Catherine works ina bank. She in a bank for five years

7 Alan has headache. He ‘headache since he got up this morning.
8 Pmlearning English. 1 English for six months.

‘Make questions with How long

1 Ji on holiday How long has she been on holiday >
2 | Mike and Jüdy are in Brazil. | | How long

3 know Margaret. | | How long you

4

Diana is learning lan,

My brother lives in Canada.
6 Yin a teacher.
7 Ieisraining

7

P=

Lookat te pictures and complete the sentences. Your sentence must end with one of these:

for ten minutes all day all her life fortemyears since he was 20 since Sunday
1 They have been married. for ten years,

2 She

3 They

4 Thesun

5 She

6 He

Which sight?

1 Markis/ has been in Canada since April. has been is right

2 Jane isa good friend of mine, [know / have very well

3 Jane isa good friend of mine, 1 know / have her for along time.

4 “Sorry I'm late. How long are you / have you been waiting?” "Not long. Only five minutes!
5 Marcin works / has worked in a hotel now: He likes his job very much,

6 Linda is reading the newspaper. She is / has been reading it fortwo hours.

7 “How long do you live / have you lived in this house?” ‘About ten years?

8 ‘Isthata new coat?” "No, [have / Pve had this coat fora long time

9 Tom is / has been in Spain at the moment, He forthe last rec days

us

for since ago

A forandsince
We use for and since to say how long

for three days.

Mi hd She as ben de |

since Monday.
We use for + a period oftime (three days / | We use since + the start of the period
wo years etc) (Monday / 9 o'clock etc)
startot
Monday > Tuesday — Wednesday taped
for three days ——
past now
for since
three days en minutes Monday Wednesday
an hour ‘wo hours Yoldock 12.30
à week four weeks 24 July Christmas
à month six months January Tas ten years old
Five years à long time 1985 wwe arrived
+ Richard has been in Canada for six e Richard has been in Canada since

months. (not since six months) January. (= from January to now)
© We've been waiting for two hours. e We've been waiting since 9 oclock
(nor since ewo hours) (= from 9 o'clock to now)
‘© Eve lived in London for a long. + lve lived in London since I was ten
years old.
B ago
ago = before nou

+ Susan started her new job three weeks ago. (= three weeks before now)
‘When did Tom go out?” “Ten minutes ago! (= ten minutes before now)
e Thad dinner an hour ago.
+ Life was very different a hundred years ago.
We uso ago with the pat (started /did/had/was ct).

Compare ago and for:
‘© When did jill arrive in Ireland?
She arrived in Irland three days ago.

© How long has she been in Ireland?
She has been in Ireland for three days.

[GL promt pret + Torneo = EMI from/antilince/for > EJ Foran during = pg

181

EXERCISES

Wit for or since.

Ireland Since _ Monday
Irland für due days

3 My aunt has ved in Austral 15 years

4 Margaret sin her fico. She has been there 7o'dock

5 nis has been an 1947,

6 "The basis lt. We've been waiting 20 minutes

7 Nobody lives in hose houses, They have becn empty many ear

$ Mike hasbeen it long ime, He bas ben in hospi October

Answer these questions. Use ago.

1 When was your as meal? Three hours ago.
2 When was the lst time you were il?

3 When did you last goto the cinema?

3 When was the lst time you were in a car

5 When was the lst time you went on holiday?

‘Complete the sentences. Use the words in brackets (..)+ for or ao.

1 fill arrived in Ireland three days ago. (three days)
2 Ji has been in Ind for Bree days. es)
3 Linda and Frank have been maricd 20 year)

4 Linda and Frank got married = 20 an)

5 Danarrived Gen minus)
6 We had lunch (an hour)

7 Silvia ha been learning English (is months)
& Have you known Lis ? (along time)
9 Thought these shoes (afew day)

Complete the sentences with for or since.

1 filis in Ireland now. She arrived there three days ago, She has been there for three days.
2 Jack is here. He arrived here on Tuesday. He has

3 Tes raining, Iestarted an hour ago. Its been

4 [know Sue. first met Sue two years ago. ve:

5 [have a camera. [bought itin 1989. I've

6 They are married, They got married six months ago.

ne at university She started three years ago.

8 Dave plays the piano, He started when he was even years old,
Dave has

Weite sentences about yourself Begin with the words in brackets...

1 (Ive lived)

2 (Ive bee

3 (Ive been learning)

4

5

(ve known)
Wee had)

ts

I have done (present perfect) and
I did (past simple)

With a finished time (yesterday / last week etc), we us tc past (arrived/saw/was ee):

past simple + finished tine Fallon
yesterday | yestemay |
last week. last week
at 3 o'clock. six months ago

in 1991
six months ago.

past sow

Do not use the present perfect (have arrived / have done / have been cic) with a finished
© 1 saw Paula yesterday. (nor have sen’)
‘+ Where were you on Sunday afternoon? (nos "Where have you been’)
© We didn’t have a holiday last year. (nor "We haven't had’)
© ‘Whar did you do last night?” “I stayed at home’
© William Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616. He was a writer. He wrote many
plays and poems,

Used

€ pastsimple to ask When ... ? or What time ... 2
© When did they arrive? (sor ‘When have they arrived?)

Compare:
present pet past simple
© 1 have lost my key ‘+ Lost my key last week,

ean’ find it mo

e Bill has gone h
isnt here now)

© Have you seen Ann? © Did you see Ann on Saturday?

e Bill went home ten minutes ago.

(= where is she now?)
tine untinow Thished tine
past won past von
‘+ Have you ever been to Spain? e Did you go to Spain last year?
(= in your life, until now)
© My friend isa writer, He has written e Shakespeare wrote many plays and
many books. poems.
© The leter hasn't arrived yet © The letter didn’t arrive yesterday.
Singapore for sx years © We lived in Glasgow for six years but
now) now we live in Singapore.

pipe > EERE presen pect = REST

EN]

EXERCISES 20
Use the words in brackets (.. o answer the questions,

1 Hive youscen Am? ] [Gminuesago) | Vez, san her 5 males age,
2 | Have you started your new job? (ast week) | Yes, Tas week
3 | Hlaveyour ends arrived? | | (acS o'clock) | Yes they

4 Has Sarah gone away? (on Frida) | Ye,

5 [Have you worn your new shoes? (esterday) | Yer

Right or wrong? Correct the verbs that are wrong, (The verbs are underined.)

1 Tye lost my key cane RIGHT
WRONG: id. you see,

2
3
4
5, What time have you finished your work?
6 Sue isn here. She’ gone out.

7 Jims grandmother has died in 1989,

8 Wher st night?

Put he ver inthe present perfect or past simple.

1 My fiend sa writer. He Has citen _ (wie) many books.
2 We did hate (not have) holiday Is year

31 (pl tenis yesterday aienoon

À Victim (jou) 0 bed ast igh?

3 {jou cver/ mee) à mous person?
6 The weather (aut) very good yet

7 My har wet I Gus ie

si (each) my hai before res is morning.

9 Kany risa lot She (oa many conri

10 ‘Sonia he

“No, she (not/come) yer!

Put the verb inthe present perfect or past simple,

1A: Mae you. ever been (youZever/be) | 3 Rose works in facto She
to For? {wort her for six
B: Yes, we ...Wenb.. (go) there on holiday months. Before that she
co year ago. (he) a waitres in a restauran, She
A ou/hne) (work here forewo
2 good time? year butshe
Vie (be great. | not/emjon) very much.
ZE va 4 Ar Do you know Mari ter?
Sousse) him? (ee) hera few
B Yes he (wo outs
few mis ag (neverspeak o her.
A: And Jia? (jou/ever/apeak) coher?
B: 1 dont nove 1 A Yori (eed) her
(no/sc) her aa party las week, She’ very nic.

Y

21

69

is done was done (passive 1)

‘The office is eleaned every day

‘The office was cleaned yesterday.

Compare active and passive:
Somebody cleans hE OMIGE every day. (ati)

id oMce' is cleaned every day (paste)
Somebody cleaned [th 6ffiGe yesterday. (active)
pil
TH office was cleaned yesterday Gare)
‘The passive is

past participle

cleamed done

presen simple | amis/are
pers foot) | +

post simple | was/were

The past participle of regular verbs is ed (cleaned/damaged ec)
For a ist of imgular past participles (done/built/taken etc), see Appendix 2

© Butter is made from milk

Dranges are imported into Britain.

© How often are these rooms cleaned?
Tam never invited to partis.

.
© This house was built 100 years ago.
© These houses were built 100 years ago.

© When was the telephone invented?

© We weren't invited to the party last week

© "Was anybody injured in the accident?” "Yes, vo people were taken to hospital’

was/were born
+ 1 was born in London in 1962. (not am born’)
© Where were you born?

Passive by
le We were woken up by a loud noise. (= The noise woke us up)
© The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876.
+ My brother was bitten by a dog lst week.

done / has been done => [EJER incgular vibes ws
area pase > ETE

24

212

213

214

EXERCISES 21
‘Write sentences from the words in brackets ...). Sentencs 1-7 are present.

1 (ho office / clean / every dy) The office ie cleaned every day.
2 {these rooms / clean / every day?) Are Urese rooms cleaned. every day?
3 (gle / make / fom sind)” Gas

3 Geamps/ sll ina post office)

5 (his room / not / use / very ofen)

6 (oe / allow / 0 park here)

7 how / this word pronounced)

Sentences 8-15 ar pas

$ ((heofice / clean / yesterday) THe office mas cleaned. yesterday
9 (the house / paint / lst month) The house

10 (bre people / injure in the accident

11 (ay Bicycle / seal / few days ago)

12 (when / this bridge / bul)

13 (jou invite / tothe pay lst week?)

14 (how / these windows / break?)

15 (07 not / wake up by the noise)

Correct these sentences,
CHEQUE DAT 100 years ago. This house mas built ..

2 Football plays in most countries of the world,
3 Why did the letter send o the wrong address?
3 A garage isa place where cas repair

Where are you born?
6 How many languages ae speak
7 Somebody broke into our house but nothi
8 When was invented the bicycle?

‘Complete the sentences. Use he passive (present or past) of these verbs:
clean damage find give invite make make show steal take
1 The room is cleaned... every day.

2 saw an accident yesterday. Two people ere taken _ co hospital

3 Paper rom wood.

44 There was a fire tthe hotel last week. Two of the rooms

5 ‘Where did you gee this picture?” le Lo me by friend of mine:
6 Many American programmes ‘on British television,

7 “Did Jim and Sue go to the wedding?” “No. They ‘but they didnt go?
$ “How old is this film” “Te in 19652

9 Mycar last week but the next day it by the pol

Where were they born?
1 (lan / Edinburgh) lan mas born in Edinburgh
2 (Sally / Birmingham) Sally

3 (her parents / Ireland) Her

4 Gou/ 7) 1

5 (your mother / 72)

22

is being done has been done
(passive 2)

is/are being ... (msent continuous passive)

Somebody is painting |@hedb0#!. (ai)
=>

ss
Thedoör| is being painted. (pasivo)

My car is at the garage. tis being repaired. (= somebody is repairing it)
© Some new houses are being built opposite the park. (= somebody is building chem)

Compare the present continous and present simple
© The office is being cleaned at the moment. (ontinuous)
‘The office is cleaned every day. (simple)
e In Britain football matches are usually played on Saturday, but
no matches are being played next Saturday

For the present continuous and present simple, see Units 8 and 26,

has/have been ... (present pert paste)

Somebody has painted EERE. (cin)
ys ae
TÜHRÄBSEN bas been painted. (pave)

ALL
© My key has been ston, (= somebody has stolen i)
© My key have been stolen, (= somebody has stolen the

© I'm not going to the party haven't been invited. (= nobody has invited me)
(© Has this shirt been washed? (= Has somebody washed it?)

the present perfect and past simple

© The room is clean now. It has been cleaned. (present pet)
‘The room was eleaned yesterday. (pat simple)

e 1 cante find my keys. | think they've been stolen, present pet)
My keys were stolen last week. (pat simple)

For the present perfect and past simple, see Unit 20.

isdone / was done => FERED aciveond pusive > EDEN

24

as

EXERCISES:
What's happening?

1 The car is being repaired. 3 The windows
2 Abridge 4 The grass

Look te pictures. What is happening or what has happened? Use the present continuous.
(istre being...) or the present perfect (has/have been...

1 (the office /clean) The office is being cleaned.
2 (the shirts /iron) The shirts have been ironed.
3 (the window / break) The window

3 (ehe roof / repair), The roof,

5 (the car / damage)

6 (the houses / knock / down)

7 (the tees / eut / down)

8 (they / invite / toa party)

Use the words in brackets {to complete the sentences. (Units 21 and 22)

1 eat use my office atthe moment is being painted. (ain)
2 We didn't go tothe party. We werent invited. (nov/invite).
3 The washing machine was broken but its OK now. I (pair)
3 The washing machine par) yesterday afternoon.
5 À factory à place where things mike)
6 How old ae these houses? When (they bu?
(he computer / use) at the moment?
i using it
8 Tve neverscen these lowers before. What hey?
9 Some tres (blow) down in he storm las igh
10 The bridge is closed a the moment le (damage) lst week
ande (vot/repain) yet

154

23

(present continuous)
= Units 3-4 and 26

‘was/were + ing
(past continuons)
= Unit 13

am/is/are + past parle
(passive present simple)
= Unit21

‘was/were + pat parle
(passive past simple)
= Unit 21

Thave/has + pas parle
(present perfect)
> Units 15-18

do/does + infinitive
(present simple negative
and questions)
= Units 6-7

did + infinitive
(past simple negative and
questions)

S Unit 12

ire ta > EOE

be/have/do in present and past tenses

ing (cleaning/working etc)

© Please be quiet. Pm working
© Icisn't raining ac che moment.
© What are you doing this evening?

© 1 was working when she arrived.
© le waste raining, so we went ou
+ What were you doing at tbrec o'cloch

bbe + past partciple (cleaned/made/eaten etc)

© The room is cleaned every day.
© I'm never invited to partis.
© Oranges are imported into Britain

© The room was eleaned yesterday

© These houses were built 100 years ago.
How was the window broken?

© Where were you born?

have/has + past paricple (cleaned/lost/eaten/been ce)

e Pve cleaned my room.
Tom has lost his passport
+ Barbara hasn't been to Canada.
‘+ Where have Paul and Linda gone?

do/does/did + infinitive (clean/like/eat/go etc)

+ Like coffee bu done like te

Chris doesn’t go out very often.
+ Whar do you usually do at weekends?
© Does Barbara live alone?

didn’t watch TV yesterday
© le didn’t rain las week
(© What time did Paul and Linda go out?

EXERCISES
Putinis'are/da/does

Do. you work in the evenings?
Where Are. they going?

Why on. you looking at me?

6 the sun shi
7 Whattime

nee
the shops close?

Putin am no isn't aren't /don't/ doesn’t Al these sentences are negative

1 Tom doesnt. work in the evenings
2 Pm very red. I

3 Im very tired. 1
4 George

5 My parents are usally at home, They
6 Barbara has travelled a lot but she

7. You can turn off the television. I

8 There a party next week but we

Put in waspwere/didavenas.
1 Where Were yourshoes made?

2 you go out las ni
3 What you doing at 10.307
4 Where your mother born?
5 Barbara gone home?
Putin is/are/was/weremave/tas.

1 Joe MAS. Jost his passport
2 This bridge built ten years ago.
5 you finished your work yer?
4 This town is always clean. The strets
‘leaned every day
you born?

5 Where

‘want co go ou this evening,
ing out this evening.
working this weck, He on holiday

speak any foreign languages.

go out very of

watching it

goin

6 What time she go?

7 When these houses built?

8 Jim arrive yer?

9 Why you go home early?

10 How long they been married?

61 just made some coffee. Would
you like some?

7 Glas made from sand

8

bought a new ca.

Complete the sentences. Choose from the lst and put the verb nto the correct form.

damage cat
understand use

1 Pm going eo take an umbrella with m
2 Why are you so tired? Did you 90
3 Where are che chocolates? Have you
3 How is your new job? Are you

5 My car was badly

6 Chris has gota car but she doesn’t

7 Mary isnt at home. She has

enjoy ge goaway

in the accident!

listen open pronounce rain

es raining
to bed late lastnight?

them all?

it was OK,
it very often,
fora few days

8 Idont the problem. Can you explain it again?
9 Martinis in his room, Hees to music.
10 1 don't know how to sy this word. How is it 2

11 How do you —

this window? Can you show me?

55]

Regular and irregular verbs

lar verbs

‘The past simple and past participle of regular verbs is ed:
clean cleaned live lived paint — painted study > studied

ast simple (> Unit 11)
© 1 cleaned my shoes yesterday.
© Charlie studied engineering at university,
Past patie
‘Preset pere = have/has + past partiple (> Units 15-18):
© I have cleaned my shoes.
+ Jane has lived in London for ten years
Passive = be (is / are / were / has been ec) + pas paricple (=> Units 21-22)
‘© These rooms are cleaned every day.
+ My car has been repaired.

Bear vr
The pat simple ad ps participe of er verb ae ted

make break eut

patsimple made broke cut
par pariple made broken cut

Sometimesthe past simple and past participle are he same. For example:

make find buy cut

pais ee Ge
Re | made found bough

© I made a cake yesterday (past simple)
have made some coffe. (past pariple— present pere)
© Bunter is made from milk. (pat partiile — passive presen)

Sometimes the past simple and past participle are dirt. For example:

break know begin go
pastsimple broke knew began went
pst pontiple broken known begun gone

e Somebody broke this window lastnight. (past simple)
mebody has broken this window. (pas particle - present pero)

© This window was broken lat night. past purple» pase pos)

1561 Air verb => ENED pling cpr ve) => ETE

241

EXERCISES 24

‘Write ie past simple past participe of these verb. (The past simple and past particle are the same for
ale vers in this exercise)

6 enjoy 11 hear
7 buy 2 pus.
sit 13 cach
9 leave 14 watch
10 happen 15 understand

te the past simple and past participle ofthese verbs.

1 break broke. ‚broken 6 run 11 eke
2 begin 7 speak 12 go

3 ext 8 write 13 give
4 drink 9 come 14 throw
5 drive 10 know 15 forget

Put the ver inte right form,
1 1 washed | my hands because they were dirty. (wash)

2 Somebody has breken. is window, (brea)
3 [fee good. 1 very well st night. (deep)

4 We a very good film yesterday. Gee)

5" ‘lot while we were on holy. (rin)

6 Tee amy bag. dose) Have you it ee)

7 Rosa bieyele was last week. (tel)

s1 10 bed early because Lwas red. (0)

9 Hive you your work yet (nish)

10 The shopping centre was about 20 year ago. (build)

11 Ann to deive when she was 18. (learn)

12 Ive never horse. (cide)

13 Julia à good friend of mine. I've herforalomgtime. (know)

14 Yesterday I and my leg. (Gill hun)
‘Complete these sentences. Choose from thelist and put he verb into th correct form,

cost drive fly make meet sell speak swim tell think
wake up win

1 Thave Made _ some coffee. Would you like some?

2 Have you John about your new job?
3 We played basketball on Sunday, We didn't play very well but we

4 know Gary but Ive never his wife.

5 We were by loud music in the middle ofthe night.

6 Stephanie jumped into the riverand cots

7 “Did you like the "Yes, it was very good.

$ Many différent languages are the Philippines,

9 Our holiday 2 lot of money because we stayed in an expensive hotel.
10 Have you ever avery fst car?

11 AU the tickets forthe concert were very quickly.

12 Abird

n chrough the open window while we were having our dinner.

67

68]

lused to...

sed to work in factory: Now he works in a supermarket,

Dave used to work in a factory = he worked ina factory before but he doesn't work there now:

sed to work >} nö wid
past H son
You can sy Fue to work / hey used to be e
be
ou/et | work
he/shesit || "4 | have
pay ee

+ When I was a child, used to like chocolate.
e Lused to read a lot of books but I don't read
ese days

short hair now but it used to be

very long.
© They used to li

n the same street as us,
so we offen used to see them. But we dont
sce them very often these days.

‘© Ann used to have a piano but she sold ita few
years ago.

‘The negative is I didn’t use to
© When I was à child 1

int use to like tomatoes.

The question is did you use to … ?
'® Where did you use to live before you came here?

‘We use used to ... only forthe put. You cannot say ‘use to "(resent
e 1 used to play tennis. These days play golf. (nor use to phy gol”)
© We usualy get up early. (nor "We use to get up early’)

251

unır
EXERCISES 25
Lookat the pictures. Complete the sentences with used to...

She used to have long.

Gr

Karen works very hard and has very ite re time. A few years ago, things were diferent

Do you do any spore? | Yes, 1 go swimming every

id play volleyball

Do you go out in the e most evenings.

Do you playa

Yes, the guitar.

Yes re

Do you like slot

Do you travel much? || Yes, 1 go away two or theee

‘Write sentences about Karen with used to
1 She used. to go swimming every day. à
2 She 5
3 6
Complete these sentences, Use used to orth present simple (play /he lives etc

1 1 sed. to play. ccmis. stopped playing a few years ago.
2 Do you do any sport” Yes tPA basketball.

3 ‘Have you gota car? “No, ne but sold it
4 George ‘a waiter, Now he’ the manager ofa hotel,

5 ‘Do you go to work by car? ‘Sometimes but most days I by train?
6 When I was a child, I never meat, but Feat it now.

7 Mary loves watching TV. She TV every evening.

$ We near the airport but we moved to the city centre afew yeas ago.
9 Normally start work at7 o'clock, so 1 up very early,

10 What games you when you were a child?

159]

26

160]

What are you doing tomorrow?

They are playing tennis (now). He is playing tennis tomorrow.

11 for something ha
“They're playing ter

We use am/is/are + -ing (present
“Where are Sue and Carol
© Please be quiet, Im working,

We ako use am/is/are + -ing forthe future (tomorrow / next week et)
+ Andrew is playing tennis tomorrow.
e Pim not working next week

Lam doing something tomorrow = Ihave aranged to do it, have à plan to do it

«Wit having» pry non weekend ¿EEE
© Are you meeting Bill this evening?
Wace ma tag et os

e Pm not going out tonight. I'm staying at home,
(© Unie 27)

‘You can alo say “Um going to do somet

Do not use the present simple ( stay / do you go etc) for plans and arrangements
e I'm staying at home this evening. (nor À stay’)
Are you going out tonight? (not Do you 80)
‘© Ann isn't coming to the party next week. (not “Ann doesn’t come’)

But we use the present st
"© The train arrives at 7.30.
What time does the film finish

npare:

‘present continuous = usually for people ‘resent simple timetables, programmes tc.

e Pm going to a concert tomorrow, ‘The concert starts at 7.30.
© What time are you leaving? © What time does your tain leave ?

presen coninuons => EERIE pretcotsinple > Fm going to... = EXD

262

EXERCISES

Look tte pictures. What ar these people doing next Friday?

Thon cmo ETS These Townson

is playing tennis on Friday, 4 lunch with Ken.

tothecinema, 3

Wire questions. Alt sentence ar future.

1 (ou / go / out / tonight) Are you going out tonight?
2 (you / work / next week?)

3 (what / you / do / tomorrow evening?)

3 (what time / your friends / arrive

5 (when / Liz / go / on holiday?)

te sentences about yourself What are you doing inthe next few days?

1 Um staying at home tonight.
Um going to the theatre on Monday

Put the verb inthe presen continuous (he Is leaving etc) or present simple (th train leaves et).

1 Are you going. (you/go) out his evening?” "No, Im oo tied?
2 Were going”. (e/go) toa concert this evening. "Ie starts Gi/sart) at 7.30.

3 Do you know about Sally? (Ghe/get) married next month!
4A: My pare (go) on holiday next week.
B: Oh, thats nice. Wher (chey/e0)?

5 Silvi is doing an English course at th

(finish) on Friday

6 ‘There’ football match tomorrow but (W/not/0).
7 (go) out with some friends tonight. Why dont you come
oo? (we/meet at John's house at # o'clock
8 A: How (you/get) home after the party tomorrow? By taxi?
B: No, Lean go by bus, The last bus (eave) at midnight
9 A: Do you want to go to the cinema tonight?
Be Yes, what time (the film / begin)?
10 A: What (you/do) next Monday afternoon?
B: (Work).

161

yy Vm going to

Am going to (do some

She is going to watch TV this evening,
We use am/is/are going to... for the future

Tam do
he/she/it is | (noe) going to | drink
we/you/they are watch
am | bay
is he/she/it going to | eat

are we/you/they wear?

B tam going t do something = ve decided dot, my intention todo

1 decided to do it — Din going to do:

past now ture

Pm going to buy some books &
Sarah is going to sell her car.
e I'm not going to have breakft this morning, I'm not hungry.
© What are you going to wear to the party tonight?

"Your hands are dirty” “Yes, I know. Pim going to wash them.
© Are you going to invite John to your party?

the present continuous ( am doing) for the future, usually for arrange
26)
© Lam playing tennis with Julia tomorrow

[Somethings going to happen

is clear now that

Something is going to happen =
is sure to happen:

© Look atthe sky! es going to rain.
(black clouds now — rain)

{© Oh dear! 1% 9 o'clock and I'm not ready

(0 o'clock now and not ready — late)

162) proentforchefure > IGE] vil EET

EXERCISES 27
ZA Whatare these people saying?

212 Complete the sentences. Use going o + one ofthese verbs
À est do give iedown stay walk wash watch wear
) 1 My hands are dirty, „Um going to wash... chem,
2 What ‚are you going to wear co he party tonight?
\ 3 don't wane go home by bos 1
34 John i going to London next week. He with some frends
5 Tanhungry I this sandwich
6 1% Sharon’ birthday next week. We hera pre

7 Sue say she feeling very red. She fran hour.
$ There a good film on TV this evening. you ie
9 What Rachel ‘when she leaves school?

21:3 Lookat the pictures. What is going to happen?

| ay

1 AS ging tran 3 The ear
2 The shell 4 He

274 What are you going to do today or tomorrow? Wie thre sentences.

TS
E

163)

CEA will/shall (1)

Sarah goes to work every day, She is always
there from 8,30 unti 4.0.

Iris 11 o'clock now: Sarah is at work
At o'clock yesterday, she was at work,

AU o'clock tomorrous she will be at work.

be be?
Vwe/yourthey | | will cn) win an | /¥e/you/they | win?
he/she/it } | will not (won's | eat will | he/she/it | eat?
come et come? ec

ill: PU (wi) / you'l / she'll ex
will not: I won't (= I will not) / you won't / she won't et

B Weise will forthe fur (tomorrow / next week etc):
+ Sue travels a lot. Today she isin Madrid. Tomorrow she'll be in Rome. Next week
she'll be in Tokyo.
+ You can phone me this even
+ Leave the old bread in the

PI be at home.
‚den. The birds will eat it

© We'll probably go out this evening.
.

you be at home this evening?

1 won't be here tomorrow: (= 1 will not be here)
© Dont drink coffee before you go to bed. You won't sleep.

We often say Think... will
fT think Diana will pass the exam,
1 don’t think it will rain this afternoon,
e Do you think the exam will be difficul

CV do nor ase will for things we have age or deed t do (> Units 26-27)
+ We're going tothe cinema on Saturday. (no “We will go’)
+ Pin not working tomorrow. (cr 1 won’ work’)
© Are you going to do the exam? (no "Will you do)

D Shan
‘You can say I shall (= I will) and we shall (= we will)
8 Thal be late tomorrow or L will (PI) be late tomorrow
Think we shall win. or. think we will (weil) win.
Bar do not use shall wich you/they/he/she/it
© Tom will be lat. (no Tom hall be)

[68] Whatare you doing tomorrow? => [ETE 'm going to... > D willshall(2)-> EIERN

EXERCISES 28

Helen is traveling in Europe, Complete the sentences with she was, she's or she'll be.

1 Yesterday „she was... in Paris. ELEN

mero Anse BBs,

3 iat we intron, ß

À Neuve rares >

5 Atthe moment in Brussels. iti
à Thre sone in Manch i

‘ ce

ur

Where willyou be? Wit sentences about yourse Use:
Pilbe... or Pilprobably be … or 1 don’t know where I'll be.

1 Ge 10 o'clock tomorrow
Cil potable on Une beach. OR 1U be a work. OR I don’ know where UL be.

2 (one hour om now)

3 (atimidnighe onighe)

4 Gr3o'clock tomorrow afternoon)

5 (ovo veus from now)

Put in wil (I) or wont
1 Don't drink coffee before you go to bed. You NOM sleep

2 “Are you ready yet?” "Not yet I be ready in five minutes;
3 Tim going away for few days. I'm leaving tonight, so 1 be at home tomorrow.
4 rain, so you don't need to take an umbrella.
5 A: 1 dont feel very well dis evening.

B; Well, go to bed carly and you feel better in the morning.
6 Les Bills birthday next Monday. He be 25,
7 Fin sorry was te this morning. Ie happen again

Write sentences beginning I think... or don’ think...
1 (Diana will pass the exam) 1 Brink Diana. wilh pass the exam.
2 (Diana won't pass the exam) don't think Diana will pass the exam
3 (well win the game) 1

4 (won't be here tomorrow)

5 (Sue will like her present)

6 (they won't get married)

7 (yon won enjoy the film)

‘Which is right? (Study Unit 26 before you do this exercise.)

1 Wellgo / Were going othe theatre tonight. We've got tickets. Were goings right
2 What will you do / are you doing tomorrow evening? "Nothing, Fm free!

3 They go 7 They going away tomorrow morning. Their tain iat 840,

4 laure shel lend / she’ lending us some money. She very rich.

5 “Why ae you puting on your coat?” Til go / Pe going out"

6
7
8

Do you think Claire will phone / is phoning us tonight?
Steve can't meet us on Saturday. Hell work / He's working,
Will Shall you be at home tomorrow evening?

165]

29

166]

will/shall (2)

cor qa
for yt onde, See

a ei

y À À

You can use PL... (L will) when you offeror decide to do something:
© "My bag is very heavy’ “Pl carry it for you
e Tl phone you tomorrow, OK? "OK, goodbye?

We often say I think I'l... / 1 don’t think II... when we decide to do somethi
in sired, I think PI go to bed carl to
© Iba nice day T think PI sit in the garden,
© les raining. 1 don’t think PI go out

Do not use the present simple (L go / I phone ic) in sentences like these
e Pl phone you tomorrow, OK? (not “I phone you)
© think PI go to bed early (no *L go to bed”

Do mo use Pll … for something you decided before (> Units 26-27)
© I'm working tomorrow: (nt ‘ll work’)
‘on TV tonight, Pim going to watch it. (not “UI watch’)
© What are you doing at the weekend? (wot ‘What will you do’)

Shall T...? Shall we. ?

Shall I/we ... ? = Do you think this sa good thing to do? Do you think this isa good idea?
+ les very warm in this room. Shall T open the window?
© ‘Shall I phone you this evening?” "Yes, please!
+ Im going to a party tonight. What shall wear?

© lts nice day. Shall we go fora walk?
‘+ Where shall we go for our holidays this year?
© “Lets go out this evening’ “OK, what time shall we meet?"

‘What are you doing tomorrow? > EEE] I'm geingto.. > EJE wilatall() > ESE

EXERCISES 29

Complete the sentences. Use (wil) + one ofthese vers:
carry do cat send show sit stay
1 My bags very heavy. | [Ti carr icfor you.
2 Enjoy your holiday. | [Thank you. you a posteard
3 | 1dontwan hisbanana. | [Well lim hungry it
4 Do you want a chair? | |No, ¡és OK. on the floor.
5 Did you phone Jeany? | [Oh no, forgo. icnow
6 | Areyou coming with me? | [No, Ion’ think o. here.
7 | Mow do you use thiseamera?_} [Give to me and you
Complete the sentences. Use I think I'l... ol don think... + one ofthese verbs:
buy go have play
1 les cold today. don't think Ugo... out.
2 Ton hungry | something to cat
3 fee red. tennis
3 This cameras too expensive. ie
Whicsrignt2
1 phone ZU phone you tomorrow OK? Pl phone i ight
2 Thaven dong che shopping yet. do / FIL ds it ter.
3 Like sport. watch / TI watch a lot of sport on TV.
4 Iced some exerene. Fai Lg / lo fora walk
5 Jin is going to bay / wil buy a new car. He told me lst week.
6 “Thisleter for Rose” "OK, give /'l give / Im going to give ito her!
7 A: Are you doing / Will you do anything’ i?
1: Yes, l'm going / PI go out with some fiends,
‘Wie sentences with Shall... Choose words from Box and Box.
® A amo open B hewindow the light
1 e very warm in thisroom, | (Stall open the, window?
2 | This programme isnt very good.
3 Vn hungey.
4 les dark inthis room
At sentences with Shall we. ? Choose words from Box Aand BoxB.
what where CS

A buttime who Bo meet
1 Le po out tonight. | (OK, what fine, shall we meek?
2 Lets have a holiday. | | OK,
3 Lets spend some money. | | OK, =
4 Ler’ havea party. | [OK

ion

unre

30

168)

might

t go to New York, Temight
tis possible that he will go to New York) (= itis possible that it will ran)

might + infinitive (might go / might be / might rain ec):

be
Uweryourthey | m; go
A | BME (09 | play
Imig itis posible that {will

might go to the cinema his evening, (= it is possible that I will go)
© A: When is Barbara going to phone you?

B: 1 dont know. She might phone this añernoon.
+ Take an umbrell with you. It might rain
e Buy a lorery ticket, You might be lucky.
+ “Are you going out tonight?” "I might:

erhaps you will be lucky)
might go out)

1g tennis tomorrow. (um)

1 might play tennis tomorrow (posible)

+ Barbara is going to phone later. (um)
Barbara might phone later. (posite)

‘The negative is might not:
© 1 might not go to work tomorrow, (= its possible that I will not go)
jue might not come to the party. (= its posible that she will not come)

may
You can use may in the same way. Tmay ... = 1 might

e I may go to the cinema this evening, (= I might go)

‘© Sue may not come to the party. (= Sue might not come)
May IsitOK to... /Can … 7

lay Task a question? (= Can Task?)
© May Isic here?" "Yes, of course

unır

EXERCISES 30

Visite sentences with might.
1 (its possible that I'l go to the cinema) A might qo jo the. crews.

2 (is possible that Y see you tomorrow) 1 _
3 (ss possible that Ann will forget to phone)

4 Ges possible that it will snow today)

5 (its posible that I be late tonight)

Write sentences with might not

6 (is possible that Mary will not be here)
7. (ss possible that I won't have time to meet you)

‘Somebody is asking you about your plans. You have some ideas but you are not sure. Choose from he it
and write sentences with might.

fish goaway Holy Monday mewear taxi

‘Where are you going for your holidays? ] [Tim not sure. „might go to Italy.
‘What are you doing at the weekend? | | 1 don’ know: 1
‘When will you see Ann again? | | I'm not sure,
‘What are you going to have for dinner? | | I don't know.
How are you going to get home tonight? | | I'm not sure.
TThear you won some money. What are | | I haven't decided yet.
you going to do with e

You as Bill questions about his plans. Sometimes hes sure but usually he is not sure.

Id

Are you going out in the evening? | | Possibly.
Are you going co get up early? | | Perhaps.
‘Are you working tomorrow? | | No, Im not.
Will you be at home tomorrow morning? | | Maybe.
‘Are you going to watch television? | | might
‘Are you going out in the afternoon? | | Yes, Lam.
‘Are you going shopping? | | Perhaps

‘Are you playing tennis tomorrow? | E in the afternoon,

Now wt about Bil. Use might where necessary.
1 He's playing tennis tomorrow afternoon.
2 He might go out this evening

He

ét tree things that you might do tomorrow.

169]

unir

31

po

can and could

He can play the piano.

can + infinitive (can do / can play / can come etc):

do do:
Vento) | ea play can | Ywe/you/ihey | play?
he/she/it J | cannot (cano) | see he/she/it | see?

Lean do something = 1 now howto do itor iti pose for me to do it
© Lean play the piano. My brother can play the piano too,
® Sarah can speak Italian but she can't speak Spanish
“Can you swim?" "Yes, but I'm not à very good swi
© ‘Can you change twenty pounds?” “I'm sorry, | came
© I'm having a party next week but Paul and

For the past (yesterday / last week etc), we use could/couldn’e
© When I vas young, | could run very fit
© Before Anna came to Britain, she couldn’t understand much English. Now she ean
understand everything.
© 1 was tied last night but 1 couldn’e sleep.
+ nad a party last week but Paul and Jenny couldn’t come.

Can you ...? Could you... ? Can I... ? Could ….?

or Could you ... ? when we ask people to do things
the door, please? or Could you open the door, please?
moment, please? or Could you wait. ?

© Can you vita

We use Can Fhave ... ? or Could I have ... ? eo ask for something:
© (ina shop) Can Y have these postcards, please? or Could I have ... ?

Can 1... ? or Could I... = ist OK to do something?
© Tom, can I borrow your umbrella? or Tom, could I borrow your umbrella?
+ (on the phone) Hello, can 1 speak to Gerry, please? or ... could I speak ... ?

312

EXERCISES 31

AY ado
ABE

Can you do these tings? Wrte sentences about yoursellUse ean or can.

71 9 n
$ 10 12

Can you swim?

Completo these sentences. Use can or ean't + one of these verbs:
come find hear see speak

1 Pmsorry but we Cané come... ro your party next Saturday.
2 like this hotel room. You the mountains from the window:
3 You ate speaking very quie 1 you.

4 Have you seen my bag? 1 ie

5 Catherine got the job because she

‘Complete these sentences, Use can or couldn't + one ofthese verbs:

cat decide go sleep
LL was

2 Le hungry yesterday. 1 my dinner

3 Ann doesn't know what to do. SI

3 wanted to speak to Martin yesterday but I him,
5 Jim to the concert next Saturday, He has to work.
6 Paula tothe meeting last week. She was ill

‘What do you say in these situations? Use can or could. Use the words in brackets...

T open)

20) 3 Gun on)

m

must mustn’t needn’t

must + infinitive (must do / must see ec):

do
Vve/you/they | q | SP
he/she go
rite ete

BU must when you sink tis cry odo eme
av diy Test oes be
er
tad waa ye bo pr see

For the past (yesterday / Inst week etc), we use had to ... (not must)
8 We had to go tothe bank yesterday: (or "We must go … yesterday)
© Ihad to walk home las night. There were no buses. (ot À must walk)

C must (
[mustn't (do something) = iis necessary nor o do it,
its he wrong thing to do:

Lust hurey. mustn’e be late.
© L mustn't forget to phone Juli
must remember to phone het)

e Be happy! You mustn't be sad, (= dont

be sad)

© You mustn't touch the pictures

ont touch the pictures)

est not)

D need (= need not)
1 meedn' (do something) = its no necessary todo it, dont need to do it
"8 1 needn't clean the windows, They aren't very dirty.
© You needn't go tothe bank today. 1 can give you some money.
n ko say dont need to … (= needa’)
don't need to clean the windows
© You don't need to go to the bank today.

You c

Compare needn't and mustwe
1 You needn't go. You can stay here if you want
© You mustn’t go. You mus sty here

+]

a1

322

ur

EXERCISES 32
‘Complete the sentences, Use must + one ofthese verbs:

be gogo learn meet wash win

1 We must 90 co dhe bank today We haven got any money.
2 Marilyn ia very intrexing person. Yo her
3 My hands aze dr E
4 You Lo drive. Ivi been
5
6
7

1 to the post office, I need some stamps,
"The game tomorrow i very important for us. We.
‘You can't always have things immediately. You

Putin tmust or had to,

1 had to go zo the bank yesterday to get some money.

2 Ihre. go now.

3 I don’t usually work on Saturdays but ls Saturday work

4 get up early tomorrow P've gora lo to do.

5 {went co London by tain last week, The tain was fll and stand all the way
6 Twas neatly late for my appointment this morning Fun to get there on

7 Lfrgot phone David yesterday phone him later today.

Complete the sentences, Use mustn't or needn't + one ofthese vers:
clean forget hurry lose wait write

1 The windows aren’ very dirty. You Weed’ clean cher,
2 We have alotoftime. We

3 Keep these documents a fe place. You them

4 Fm nt ready yet bu you forme. You can go now and I'l come ater,
5 We Lo tur ofthe lights before we leave

61 het now. can do ¡tomorrow

Find he sentences with the same meaning

T We can lewe the meeting carl À We must stay until the e 12.
2 We mus leave the meeting early B We couldn’ stay unt the end. | 2
3 We must leave the mectingeany. | [C Weean'tsay untltheend. | 3
[4 We needn't leve the mectingearly | |D Weneedn'tstay until the end. | 4
[5 Wehadcoleave the meeting early. | [E Wecan stay until the end 5

Putin must /hadto/mustnt/ne

1 You needn't. go, You can tay here if you want.

2 lesa fantasti Alm. You HSE. see it

3 We've got enough food, 30 we go shopping,

4 We didnt have any food yesterday so we go shoppi

5 1 want to know what happened. You tell me.

6 You tell Sue what happened. I don't want her to know.
71 hurry or be late

8 “Why were youso late? 1 wait halfan hour for a bus!
9 We decide now We can decide ltr

pa

va

should + infinitive (should do / should
watch ec):

Uwe/you/they
he/she/it

}

should
shouldn

do
stop

go
Watch ete

itisa good
O to bed earlier. He goes to

© Its good film. You should go and see it.

bed very late and he's always tired.

© When you phy tennis, you should always watch the ball

© (You) shouldn’t do something = itis nota good thing to do. Shouldn’t = should nor:

© Tom shouldn’t go to bed so In.

© You watch TV al the time. You shouldn't watch TV so much.

D wwe ofien use think with should:

Tehink ... should

© think Carol should buy some new clothes.

(= [think its good idea)
© Irs ie. I think | should go home now:
® Ar Shall I buy this coat?

B: Yes, think you should,

Lone think ... should

© T don’t think you should work so hard,
(= 1 don’ think i isa good ides.)

© T don't think we should go yet. ts 100 carly

Do you think ... should ... 2
Do you think I should buy this hat?

© What time do you think we should go home?

E Must is stronger han should:
© Ics good film. You should go and see i.
© lesa fantastic film. You

F Another

yy o say should ... is ought to
ts a good film, You ought to go and see

© 1 think Carol ought to buy some new clothes. (

stall DE most > DE

st go and sce it

you should go)
ol should buy)

38.1

33

4

une
EXERCISES 33
‘Complete he sentences. Use you should + one ofthese verbs:

clean go take vise watch wear

1 When you play tennis, 404 should, wabch che ball

Ws lace and you'r very tired to bed.
5 your tech twice a day.

4 Ifyou have time, the Science Museum. Its very

5 When you'r driving, à seat bel.

6 Hs too faro walk fiom here to the station a taxi

Weite about the people inthe pictures. Use He/She shouldnt. so

1 She shouldn't watch TV so much 3 hard.
2 He 4

You ask rend for advice, Write questions wi Do you think should
1 You ae ina shop. You ar eying on a jacket, (bay?

You ak your friend: Do you tha should buy this, jacket?
You cave drive. ear?)
You ask your friend Do you think
3 You don't like your job. (get another job?)

You ak your friend:
4 Yow ae going o have a party (vite Gary?)

our ask your friend:

Wire sentences with think... should... or don't think... should

1 estate. (go home now) „1 think we should, go home non
2 That coat is too big for you. (buy it) 1 don't Brie you. should. buy it
3 You don't need your ca. (eli)

4 Diane needs a rest. (havea holiday)

5 Silly and Colin ae too young. (get married)

6 You're not well this morning. (go to work)

7 umes isnt well today. (go o the doctor)

8 The hotel is too expensive for us. tay there)

‘What do you think? Write sentences wth should.
nk everybody should learn another language,

don’ think
Think should
ps]

unır

ELSE Ihaveto

A 1 have to do something = itis necessary for
me 40 do it, lam obliged to do it
Vwe/you/they have | todo
to work
= to go.
he/she/it has | $080
© Til be late for work tomorrow. I have to go to the dents.
Ji stars work at 7 o'clock, so she has to get up a 6
© You have to pass atest before you can get a driving licence,
B The past (yesterday / last week cic) is had to
© 1 was late for work yesterday. I had tó go to the dents
© We had to walk home last night. There were no buses.
© in questions and negatives we use do/does (present) and did (pas)
present
do Wwe/yow/the, Vwe/you/they don't
| pave to ..? ne have 10...
does _he/she/it he/she/it_ doesn’t

past

Vve/you/they

i Vowe/yourthey | a
aid | here | have to didn't have to

ho/he/it

What time do you have to go to the dentist tomorrow?
© Does jill have to work on Sundays?
© Why did they have to leave the party eat?

don’t have to (do something) = itis not necessary to do it
© Pin not working tomorrow, so |. don’t have to get up early.
© lan doesn’t have to work very hard. Het got an easy job.
© We didn’t have to wait very long for the bus.

D must and have to
Use must or have to when you say what yw think is necessary, when you give your opinion:
fsa fantastic lm. You must sce it. or You have to see it.

Wien you are nor giving your personal opinion, use have to (nor must):
+ Jill won't be at work this afternoon, She has to go to the doctor. (this is not my
personal opinion = it sa fet)
© In many countries, men have to do military service. (this is not my opinion
lav in those countries)

cis the

uste needn't > EOE

Do] mast

a1

EXERCISES

Complete the sentences, Use have ta or has to + one ofthese verbs:
do read speak travel weur
1 My eyes ae not very good. 1. Have to wear gases

2 Arthe end ofthe course all the students atest.
3 à lot of books.
4 Albert doesn't understand much English. You very slowly to him.
5 Kate isnot often at home. She a Jot in her job.

‘Complete the sentences, Use have ta or had to + one of these verbs:
answer buy change go walle

1 We had to walk. home last night. There were no buses.

2 Ieshate. 1 now. PI see you tomorrow.

3 Lent to the supermarket after work yesterday 1 some food.
3 This train doesnt go all the way to London. You at Bristol
5 We did an exam yesterday. We six questions out often.

‘Complete the questions. Some ae present and some ae past.

1 [Ihave gerup early tomorrow | [What time „do you have. to get up?

2 | George had to waita longtime. | | How long 2
3 Liz has wo go somewhe: >
4 | Wehadtopay alot ofmoney ;
5 1 have to do some work. | [Whatexacdy 2

Write sentences with don'Vdoesn'didn't have to

Why are you going out? You dent have to go out.
Why is Ann waiting? She

Why did you getup early? You

Why is Paul working so hard? He

Why do you want to leave now? We

‘Which s correct? Sometimes must and have tare both correct.

Ie. great film, You must see / have to see it. bol are correct
In many countries, men amustdo / have to do military service. have to do is correct
‘You can't park your car here for nothing, You must pay / have to pay.

1 didn't have any money wich me last night, so Y must borrow / had to borrow some.
[eat too much chocolate, I really must stop / have to sto.

6 “Why is Paula going now?’ “She must meet / has to meet somebody”

7 What's wrong? You must ell / have to tell me.I want to help you.

Write some things that you (or our friends or family) have odo or hadto do.
1 (every diy) „I have to travel ten miles every day,

2 (every day)

3 (comorrow)

4 esters)

im

Would you like ... ?

Would you like ... ?=Do you want ...?

We use Would you 2 to oferthings:
© A: Would you like some coffee?

B: No, thank you.
© A: Would you like a chocolate?
B: Yes, please
© A: What would you like, tea or coffee?
B: Tea, please

We use Would you li
Would you like to go for a walk?

© A: Would you like to have dinner with us o

to ... 210 invitesomebody:

B: Yes, Td love to. (= I would love to have dinner with you)
© What would you like to do this evening?

Va like
er

isa polite way to ay ‘I wane’, FA like
hist. TA like a drink

would like:

© {in a tos office) A Tike some information about hotels, please
© Ta like to see the film on television this evening.

Would you like ... ? and Do you like ...?

2/ Ya like

Would you like some tea? = Do you want
© A: Would you like to go to the cinema
tonight? (= Do you want to go tonight?)
DB: Yes, Ti love to

‘+ Ta like an orange, please. (= Can I have
an orange?)

© What would you like to do next weekend?

Do you like tea? =

Do you think tea

© A: Do you like going to the cinema?
{in general)

B: Yes, I goto the

or

wa lot

like oranges. (i genera)

© What do you like to do at weekends?

1 wold do something

unr

EXERCISES 35

What are te poplin the pictures saying? Use Would you ke …?
‘What do you say to Sue in thes situations? Use Would you ke to.
Y You wan gt th ing soi, Peta Sus wl o with you. (0)
You sys Weald you tee do go to Une cinema tonight
att Sees eee e ÓN
You sy:
3 You've got some holiday photograp. Sue haan sen them yet, (ec)
You say:
4 You have an extra ticket for a concert next week. Perhaps Sue will go. (go)
You
sm out. She hasn't got an umbrella but you have one. (borrow)
You sy
Which ight?

1 ‘Be-gouike / Would you like a chocolate?” “Yes, please? Would you like i ight
2 Da you Tike / Would you like bananas?” "Yes, love them?

3 ‘Do you like / Would you ike an ice-cream?” ‘No, thank you
4 What do you like / would you like to drink?" "A glass of water, please?
5 “Do you like / Would you like to go out for a wall?” ‘Not now. Perhaps later?
6 Like / Fi like tomatoes but 1 don't eat them very often.

7 What time do you like / would you like to have dinner this evening?

8 “Do you like / Would you like something to eat?” “No, thanks, I'm not hungry?
9 “Do you like /Would you like your new job? “Yes, I'm enjoying it!

10 Fm tied. Hike / Ta like 10 go to sleep now.

11

Ki) thereis there are

a STATION] | SUNDAY
: MONDAY

TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
THURSDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY)
Tharvbaman orca! A A
singular
: - © There a big te inthe garden
apto, © There à good film on TV tonight.
ae Ba: Hay yeu net
Bi: Ve there’ some in my og
or there's not) e A: Excuse me, is there a hotel near here?
D: Yeu thor is. / No there se
© Wecant go king There ea any sow
Pe
E © There ar sor big sai gen,
an © There area lt ofaccidens on oh road.
ster eng) > A: Ar ista late fore 0

B: Yes, there are. / Ni
‘This restaurant is very
people here

How many player
There are 11 players

there aren't

jet. There aren't many

therein a football eam?
à football cam.

B chereisanditis

ther

"There's a book on the table,
(roles book on the table)

Compare:
“Whats that noise?" Lev a train.
‚There's a tain at 10.30, 165 à fast rin. (ie = the 10,30 rain)

e There's a lot of ale in this soup,
1 don’ like this soup. Tes 100 salty. (

soup)

[80] there was /were / as been cc. = ENE] tard there [IGEN] tome and any => [EE

ES

365

EXERCISES

Kenham sa smal town, Look atte information in he box and write sentences about Konham with
‘There is/are or There isn'aren'.

ET No 1 There isn't a caste,

2 any restaurants? Yes{aloÿ | 2 There. are a lot of restaurants,
3 a hospital? Yes 3

4 aswimming pool? No 3

5 any cinemas? Yes(owo) | 5

6 universi? No 6

7 my big hotels? No 7

‘rite sentences about your town (or town that you know). Use There isfare/sn'Varen'.

1 Tiere are a fw restaurants. 4
2 There's a bg park. 5
3 6

Putin ther is /there is’t/is there there are / here aren't /are there.

1 Kenhamiontan old town, There aren't. any old buildings

2 Look! photograph of your brother

3 “Excuse me, à bank near here?” “Yes, athe

4 five people in my family: my parents, my two sisters and me,

5 “How many students in the cls?” “Twenty?

6 ‘Can we take a photograph?” "No, à film in the camera?

75 bus from the city centre to the airport?” “Yes, Every 20 minutes!
$ any problems?" ‘No, everything is OK?

9 nowhere tosit down, any chairs

Weite sentences with There are... Choose from the boxes.

ser eng ler days September the sole system
nine they players days the USA aweck
fifeen fifty planets states rugby team che English alphabet

1 There are seven days in a. meek
2
3
4
5
6

Putin there's is there is ist

1 “There's a train at 10.307 18.4% fast era

2 Un not going to buy this shire very expensive,

3 Whats wrong?” something in my eye

4 A red car outside the house. your?

5% anything on television tonight? "Yes film ae 8.15?
6 “Whats char building?” © a school!

7% a restaurant in this hotel?’ “No, Pm afaid not!

unr

36

si]

7 there was/were there has/have been
3 there will be

À there was / there were (pas)

ran —

dh

There is a train every hour

ás A id

>
Compare:
here is/are (son) there was/were (pas)
e There isa good film on TV tonight. | ©

There was a good film on TV las night

(© We stayed ata very big hotel. There were
are 250100 250 rooms.

(e Are there any letters forme this morning? | ® Were there any letters for me yesterday?
‘© Era hungry but there isn’t anything to | e When I got home, was hungey but there
ex wasn’t anything (0 ea

[e Weare staying ata very big hotel, There

B there has been / there have been (present perf)

‘+ Look! There's been an accident
(there's been = there has been)

© This road is very dangerous, There have been
many accidents.

Compare there was (as)
© There was an accident last night.
(nor “There has been an accident last night’)

For past simple and prsent pt see Unit 20.

€

‘+ Do you think there will be a lot of people at the
party on Saturday?

© The manager of the y is leaving, so
there will be a new manager soon.

today because there won't be time tomorrow.
(there won't be = there will not be)

was/were => EIKE] _hasshave been = vil EME there i/are > ETE
1821 hereand > ERRE] some and any > EX

373

EXERCISES 37

Look the two pictures, Now the room is empty but what was in the room last weok? Weit sentences
with There was... or There were … + Ihe words in the st.

an armchair a carpet some flowers a sofa
some books clock three pictures a small table

A ——

There. was a. deck. on the wall near the window.
on the floor
on the wall nea the door.
in the middle of the room,
on the table
on the shelves
in the corner near th
‘opposite the door.

Putin there was/there wasn't/was there there wore / there weren't/ were ther,

1 Y vas hungry bur Mere wash anything to cat
2 Were there! any leer for me yesterday
5

2 football match on TV las n

Did y

4 We stayed at a very nice hotel” “Did your à swimming pool?
5 ‘Did you buy any eggs?” ‘No, any in the shop’

6 The wallet was empty. any money init,

7 many people atthe meeting?" “No, very few!

8 We didn't vise the museum. enough time,

9 Vim sorry Im late alot of tac.

10 “Twenty years tourists here, Now there area lot
Putin here + is/are /was /were has been /have been /wil be.

1 There Was. à good film on TV yesterday evenin

2 24 hours in a day.
3 a party at he club last Friday but I didn go.

4 “Where can Ibuy a newspaper?” * a shop at the end of the street
5 Why are those policemen outside the bank? * a robbery?

6 When we arrived at the cinema, along queue to see the film.

7 When you arrive tomorrow, somebody at the station to meet you
8 Ten years ago 500 children atthe school. Now

more than a thousand.

9 Last week I went back to the town where I was born, I very different ow:
alot of chang.

10 think everything will be OK. 1 don't think any problems,

5]

For time/day distance weather:

© What time is ie?
© es half paste
© Ics late.

© Ics time to go home,

What day sie?
es Thursday.
165 16 March,
Je was my birthday yesterday

6% three miles from our house to the city centre.
How far sit from London to Bristol?

Ie along way from here to the sation.

‘We can walk home. Ie ist far

ET

We use far in questions (sit far?) and
We use a long way in positive sentences Ges a long way).

© nine Meintrining — Isitsnowing?
© Terainsa lot here. It didn't rain yesterday.

Does it snow very often?
{© Lts warm/hor/cold/ine/cloudy/windy/sunny/foggy/dark et.
© es a nice day today.

mpare it and there:
© Ic rains alot in winter.
There is a lot of rain in winter.
© Te was very windy,
There was a strong wind yesterday,

B tesniceto

‘easy / difficult / impossible / dangerous / safe jad
expensive / interesting / nice / wonderful / terrible ec

I's

e Ik nice to ses yowagain.. (it = 10 see you again)
es impossible to understand her, (it = 10 understand her)
© Ie wasn't easy to find your house. (it = to find your house)

C Dontforget
© Tes raining again. (not ls raining again’)
© situe that you are going away? (not ‘Is true that ...)

CETTE

EXERCISES

Putinitis it's) orisit
1 Whac time is ie?

2. We must go now. very te.

3 true that Bill can ly a helicopter?

4 What day today? Tuesday? “No, Wednesday!

5 ten kilometres from the airport to the city centre,

6 posible to phone you at your office?

7 "Do you want to walk to the restaurant?” ‘I don't know. How far ?
8 Li

9 1dont believe it

ét questions wit How far... ?

1 here / he sation) How far is ib from here to the station?
2 (the hotel /che beach) How

3 (New York / Washington)

4 (our house / the airport)

Putin torthere,

1 tb... rains lot in winter 6 Lwasatfaid because was very dark.
2 as a strong wind yesterday. 7 wasa storm lastnight. Did you

3 was a nice day yesterday hear i

4 We cant go skiing. istany snow. 8 along way from here to the

5 “Shot in this room. Open a window. ncarest shop,

Complete the sentences, Choose from the boxes.

‘cay dangerous, ‘work inthis office getupearly
ies | diffewe nice to | visit iferent places — go out alone
impossible interesting see you again make friends

Ifyou go co bed lat, i's difficult to get up early. inthe morning.
Hello, il How ate you?
There is 100 much noise,

1
2
3
4 Everybody is very nice at work
5 Like travelling.
6

A lot of cities are not safe atnight

38

185)

KL lam Idon’tetc.

She isn't cred but he is He likes tea but she doesn’t.
(he is = he is tired) (she doesn’t = she doesn’ like tea)

In these examples, ts not necessary to repcat words Che is te, she doesn’ like 10),

You can we these verbs in the same way
© haven’ gota car but my sister has.

my sister has gota car)

E | 6 Ao len help me
Tens O
dordoce/ia | * 1; ba im nt nov (1 as but not row)
0 À Doyou ink A wil poets en
À Steige (she might pone
a men

B: Yes, Paid must. (= I must go)

You cannot use "m/'S/"we ete. (short forms) in this way. You must u
® She isn't tired but he is. (no... but he’

But you an use isn’t / haven't / won't ete (neg
'® My sister has got a car but I haven't
© “Are you and Jim working tomorrow

tive short forms):

isn’t

“Tam but Ji

use Lam / Pm not te afier Yes and No!
© “Are you tired?" “Yes, Lam. / No, Im not!

© “Will Alan be here tomorrow?" “Yes, he will. / No, he won't?
© “Is there a bus to the airport?” “Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t?

B You

© Weuse do/does for the present simple: (=> Units 6-7)
"© 1 dont like hot weather but Sue does. (= Sue likes hot weather)
© Sue works hard but I don’t. (= 1 don't work hard)
© ‘Do you enjoy your work?” "Yes, Ido?

We use did forthe pas simple: (=> Unit 12)
'® A: Did you and John enjoy the film?

1: 1 did but John didn’t, (= 1 enjoyed it but John didn't enjoy 19)

“Lenjoyed the film’ 1 did too: (= 1 enjoyed it too)

© Didi rain yesterday? "No, it did

[86] have you? / don’ your? ce. = EJER so am 1/ either do ce TEST

EXERCISES

‘Complete these sentences. Use only one ver (ls/have/ean tc) each time.

1 Kate wasn't hungry but we ere. 4 Thaven’e seen he film but Tom
2 Pm not married but my brother 5 Diane won't be here but Chris
3 Bill can'thelp you but | 6 You weren't late but 1

Complete these sentences with a negative verb (isn'Yhaven'Vean't et.)

1 My sister can play the piano but ESA2É_. 4. Richard has gota car but I

2 Ann is working today but 1 5 Im ready to go but Tom

3 vas working but my friends 6 Pe gota key but Sally

Complete these sentences with do/doesidid or don'Vdoesn'vdidn'.

1 I dow like hot weather but Sue does.
2 Sue likes hot weather buc1 don’

3 My mother wears glasses but my father
3 You don't know Paul very wel but I

5 ds

1 did enjoy dhe party bu my fi
6 dont watch TV much but Peter
7. Kate lives in London but her paren
8 You had a shower this morning but]

Complete the sentences, Write about yourself and other people. (See the example)
1 1 ide $9 out last night but my friends did.

2 Vik bi
bat

Putina verb, postive or negative.

1 “Are you tired?" “LAS. earlier but Fin not now!

2 John is happy today but he yesterday.

3 The post office sn open yet but the shops
3 Thhaven'e gota video camera but L know somebody who
5 1 would ike to help you but l'm afraid 1

6 1 dont usually go to work by car bu yesterday
7 A: Have you ever been tothe United States?

B: No, but Sandra She went there on holiday lst year.
8 ‘Do you and Ann watch TV aloe ‘1 but Ann doesnt
9 lve been invited o the party but Kate

10 ‘Do you think Diane will pass her exams?” “Yes, 'm sure she
11 ‘Are you going out thisevening?” ‘1 1 don't know for sare

‘Answer these questions about yourself. Use Yes, Ihave. /No, Im not et

1 Are you British? „No, m not. 6 Do you like classical music?
2 Have you gota car? 7 Will you be in Paris tomorrow?
3 Do you feel well? 8 Have you ever been in hospital?
4 Isiesnowing? 9 Did you buy anything yesterday?
5 Are you hungry? 10 Were you asleep at 32m

unr

39

1571

Cli Have you? Areyou? Don’t you? etc.

nave you?
pme) N
Cr y ely? WE abet?)
NT dont ke George. d
\ (Don't you? Why not?)

/ can’t he? ete, to show that you are interested or surprised:

‘You can say have you? /is

© “You're hte’ ‘Oh, am IB Im sorry?
1 was ill st week” “Were you? | didn't know that
“Tes raining again. “Ts i@ I was sunny ten minutes ago?
© “There's à letter for you “Is there? Whereis it?

“Can't he? 1 didn't know hat
‘Aren't you? Lam!
‘Sue isn’t at work today” ‘isn’t she? Is she ill?

Use do/does for the present simple and did for the past simple:
© I speak four languages’ "Do you? Which ones?"
© “Tom doesn't cat mest! “Doesn't he? Docs he eat fish?
© “Linda got married last weck! “Did she? Really?

B Question rags
You cutruse have you? / i i / can’t she? cc
atthe end of a sentence
These “mini-questions’ are questo tags

positive sentence => a negative question tag

à negative sentence —> a poste question ta
positive > negative

Tes beau day, isn'ta Yeu RS lovely

Sally lives in London, doesn't she? Yes that’ right.

You closed the window, didn’t you? Yes think o.

‘Those shoes are
‘Tom will be here soo!

aren't they? Yes, very nice
won't he? Yes, probably.

negative positive
That isn't your car, is ie No, my car is white.
You haven't met my mother, have you? No, haver
Sally doesn't smoke, does she?
You won't be late, will you?

HS] Ham’ Tonic. ESE.

EXERCISES 40
40.1 Answer with Do you? / Doesn't she? / Did they? et.

1 T speak four languages. Poyo? Which ones?
2 work in a bank ? work in a bank too,
3 | 1 dida' go to work yesterday. ? Were you il?

4 Jill doesn’ ike me. 2 Why no®

5 You look tired, ? feel fine.

6 |__Julia phoned me las night 2 What did she say?

40.2 Answer with Have you? / Haven! you? /Did she? / Didn't she? etc

1 Techougwanewan | (fac bam nie
| 3 Mamans | |Duenbhe > Doerhees te

3 Tora bp 2 When don haie
A Sue cd 3 Shedouldin

3 toa Esas 2 Tasio ia
El canes eliana 2 Vas bed uncon?

9 | sheets dono ong 3 Ange
os Pane 2 Wynne

3 as à Movie?
wi on 2 Whatkindofcton?

U1 | "tebe her neve weh ern

1 | ecos ;

40.3 Complete these sentences with a question tag (isnt it? /hawen' you

Isa beautiful day, lamb b> Yes, its lovely

Yes, what are they?
‘Yes, but | didn't speak to her.
Yes, many times.
Yes, but not very well
Yes, he works very hard.
Yes, of course twill

1
2 | These fowers are nice,
3 | Judy was atthe party,
4 | You've been to Paris,
You speak German,
| 6 | Martin looks tired,

7 | You'llhelp me,

40.4 Complete these sentences wit a question tag, postive (is it? /do you? et.) or negative

(iti dont you? ec
1 [Son havent ETS No, eat drive

2 | You aren red, = 2| |No.telfne
3 | Carlisa very nice person, — 2 | | Yes everybody likes her.

à | You can pay the piano, 2 | | eb im noe very good
5 | You dont know Mike’ sister, 2| | No ve never met her

6 | Sally went university, 2 |_| Yer she sudicd economics
7 | The film want ery good, 2 | | Noviewas tere.

8 | Ann ives near you, 2| ac right Inche same sce,

9 You won' cell anybody what I said, No, of course not

1891

[5 too/either so am!/neither do | etc.

À coo and either

‘We use too and either at the end ofa sentence.

We use too aera postive ver We use either after a negative ver:
© A: im happy © A: Tim not happy.
1: Pm happy too. in not happy either. (ur “m not... 100)
or e A: Lean'ecook.
» B: Lean’ either, (no can't 00)
© Mar {© Bill doesn't watch TV. He doesn't read
doctor too. newspapers either,

B so am / neither do Tete

ml A
do/does à a

50 am I =Tam too neither am I = Fin not ether
s0 have I =I have 100 (ee): neither can I =I can't either (et
© A: Pen worki © A: Thaven't gota key

1: So am L (= Im working too) B: haven't either)
+ A: I waslate for work today on
B; Sowas John. (= John waslate 100) | B: Neither can Tom. (= Tom can either)
© A: I work in a bank, © A: Lwon't (= will not) be here tomorrow
B: So do L B: Neither will
e A: We went to the cinema last ® A: I never go to the cinema.

Be Did you? So did we. Ñ B: Neither do I
e A: Tid like to go to Australia.

purs You can ako use Nor ... (= Neither ..:

© A: Um not married.
B: Nor am I. or Neither am I

Note that we sy: So am I (not ‘So Lam’), Neither have I (nor ‘Neither have”.

WO Kam /tdow'ece => BEE

ur

EXERCISES 41

411 Putintooor either,

1 Pim happy.

2 Pm not hungry.

3 Fm going out. going out

4] Terainedon Saturday. | | Ierained on Sunday

5 | Jemycwtdriveacir | | She can ride a bicycle
6 | “Tdonelike shopping. | | I don't like shopping,
7 | Jane's mother is teacher. | | Her father isa teacher

#12 AnsueruithSo...1(So am1/So do1/So cant et)

41.3 Youare talking to Maria. Wit true sentences about yoursol Where possible, use So... Lor Neither

So did |

I went to bed te lst night
Vim thirsty.
Pvc just had inner.

need a holiday.
Fi be late tomorrow.
1 was very tired this morning.

Answer with Neither.

7 1 can't go to the party.
8 | Ididn'e phone Alex st

9 haven't got any money.
10 | Fm not going out tomorrow.
mn don’ know what to do,

Look at these example careful:
Tmred.) youcananswer: — (Soami or (Tm nab,
(don't work hard.) youcananswer (Reiter do 1% (dy Pye

N

Pinot American,
Tike cooking.

1 don’ like cold weather. :
slept well La night
I've never been to Scotland.
1 dont write letters very often.
Pm going out tomorrow evening,
10 T haven't gota headache.
u dicht watch TV lst night
12 often goto the cinema.

pi]

[VA isn’t haven't don'tetc. (negatives)

A Weuse not (nt) in negative sentences:

postive > negative

um not (m not) Pm not tired.

is not (isn't or $ not) Iciswte(orlés not) raining.
are not (aren't ere not) They aren’t (or They're not) hi
‘was not (wal) Julian wasn’ hungry
were not (weren't) The shops weren't open.
have not (haven't) haven't finished my work.
has not (hasn't) Sue hasn’t got à car
will not (won't) We won't be here tomorrow.
cannot (can’t) George can't drive
could not (couldn't) coulda’ sleep lst night
must must not (mustn't) 1 mustn'efomget to phone An
should should not (shouldn't) | You shouldn’t work so hard,
would would not (wouldn | Lwouldm’e like to be an actor.

B dont/doesnt/didnt

Vwe/you/they do not (don’t) |

Procite he/she/it does not (does |

work/live/g0 cc

ast simple negative: (they /he/she (tc) did not (didn’t) work/live/go ei

‘postive => negative
1 want to go out, — 1 don't want to go out.
‘They work hard. —> They don't work hard
Liz plays the guitar. — Liz doesn't play the guitar
My fhe likes his job, —> My father doesn’t like his ob,
1 got up early this morning, — I didn't get up carly this morning
‘They worked hard yesterday. —> They didn't work hard yesterday.
We played tennis. > We didn't play tennis,
Diane had a bath, —> Diane didn’t have a bath,
Don't
Look! > Don't look!
Wait forme, — Don’t wait for me.

Sometimes do isthe ma

verb (don’t do / doesn’t do / didn’t do):
Do something! —> Don’t do anything!
ye does a lotat weekends. —> Sue doesn’t do much at weekends
1 did what you said. — 1 didn't do what you sad

COR negative => ETE pstsimple eine => Why in /don’t 7 ESE

EXERCISES 42

Make these sentences negative

1 He's gone away. He hast gone amay. 4 1 cold today
2 ‘They'e married 5 Well ela

3 Ive had dinner 6 You should go.
Make these sentences negative Use don'Udoes'Udidn

1 She saw me, She didn't see me. 4 He lives here,

2 like cheese. 5 Goavay!

3 They understood. 6 Lid he shopy
Make these sentences negative,

1 She can swim, She can't sum 6 He'llbe plese.
2 They've arrived. 7. Phone me tonight.
3 vent to the bank, 8 Ierained yesterday
4 He speaks German. 9 could hear

5 We were angry: 10 Theliewe yo

‘Complete these sentences with a negative verb (Isn'Vhaven'Udon't et).
1 They arentrich. They haven't

x much money.

2 ‘Would you like something to car? “No, thank you. I hungry!
31 find my glasses, Have you seen them?

4 George ‘write letters very often. He prefers to use the phone,
5 We can walk co the sation from here. It very fr

6 ‘Where’ fil” E know. 1 seen her today!
7 Be carefll En

8 We went to the cinema las night. 1 like che film very much.
9. ve been to Spain many times but I been to Portugal

10 Julia be here tomorrow. Sheï going away.

11 "Who broke that window?” ‘Not me. I doit?

12 We didn’t see what happened. We looking a the time.

‘You ask Gary some questions His answers are always Yes’ or ‘No’. Wie sentences about Gary, postive
ornegatve.

‘Are you married? 1 He int married.

Do you lve in London? 2 He tives in London.

Were you born in London? 5
Do you like London? 4
Would you ike olive in the country? 5
Can you drive? 6
Hive you gota car? 7
Do you read newspaper? A
Are you interested in police >
Do you watch TV most evenings? 10
Did you watch TV tige n
Did you go out last night? 2

vs

isit...? have you
(questions 1)

A positive: YOU rel) You are ea
<
question: Vare YOu Are you cating? What are you ea

ing.

e

In questions the frst verb (s/are/have ec) is before the subject
positive question
subject + ver verb subject
1 am be. > Am Late?
‘That seat_is free > Is chat seat free?
She was angry. Why was she angry?
David has gone. > Where has David gone?
You have got a car > Have you gota car?
They will be here soon. > When will they be her
tula can swim, > Can Paula swim?

De carefill with word order: the subject i aftr the frst verb:
'® Where has David gone? (nor ‘Where has gone David?)
Are those people waiting for something? (ur ‘Are waiting … ?)
{© When was the telephone invented? (not “When was invented ...?)

Bo do... ?/ does ...?/ did... ?

do l/we/you/they

aes here | wont

Present simple questions:

Past simple questions: did you/she/they (etc) work/live/go et

positive question
They work hard, Do they work hard?

You watch television, How often do you watch television?
(Chris works hard Does Chris work hard?

‘She gets up catly me does she get up?

They worked hard Did they work hard?

You had dinner. What did you have for dinner?
She got up early What time did she get up?

What

dub dese

Sometimes do isthe main verb (do you do / did he do ei):
"© What do you usually do at weekend?
"What does your brother do?“ “He works in a bank?
© broke my finger lst week” “How did you do that? (nor How did you that?)

Ve … 2/ Why don’e ..? ete (Why + negate):
© Where’ John? Why isn't he here? (not “Why he isnt here?)

© Why can’t Paula come to the meeting tomorrow? (not “Why Paula can’t... ?)
© Why didn’t you phone me list night

present simple quesion => EET pus simple quetion = ETRE] quetions 2-3-5
PA what/ which how 2 =>

EXERCISES

{and you?)
(and Jim?)

{and you?)

3 vas ate his morning.

4 Ive gota key. (and Ann?)
5 Tile here tomorrow. you?)
6 I'm going out this evening. (and Paul?)
7 Like my job. (and you?)

8 [live near here.
9 1 enjoyed my holiday
10 Thad a shower this morni

(and you?)
(and you?)

(and Linda?)

unır

Can you swim?
Does Jim work hard?

‘You are talking to a friend about driving. Write the ful questions.

2

o

1 [have / car?) Have you gob a car?
2 | (ute / alo?) ir
3 | (ase / yesterday?

4 | (enjoy driving?)

5 | (a good driver) _

6 [(ever/ have / an accident?)

Yes, have.
Yes, neatly every day.
Yes, to go to work,
Not very much,
Think tam,

No, never.

Put the words in the right order. ll the sentences are questions.

1 (has / gone / where / David?)
2 (working / Rachel / is / today?)
3 (he children / what are / doing?)
4 (made / is / how / cheese?)

5 (tothe party / coming / à / your sister?)
6 (you the truth / tell / don't / why?)

7 (your guests / have / yet / arrived?)

8 (leave / what time / your rain / docs?)
9 (your car /

10 (co work / An

‘What

Z why / go / did?)
Compete the questions.

the accident / was / damaged?)

Where has David. gone?
ls Rachel morking today?

A,

1 Twant to go out
2 | Ann and Paul arent going tothe party
3 Vm reading
4 Sue went to bed cary
5 My parents are going on holiday.
6 Tet Tom a few days ago.
7 Tina has gone away.
8 1 cante come to the party.
9 I need some money.
10 Angela doesn't like me.
n Te rains so

[Where — de you want to go?
Why aren't they going?

Whe

Wha time

When

Where

Where

Why

How much 2
Why

How often

When

15]

44 Who saw you? Who did you see?
(questions 2)

Sylvia saw Paul
Who saw Paul?
Sylvia. (Splvia saw him)

Who did Sylvia see?
Paul. (She saw Paul)

subject object
1 1
Somebody" saw Paul Sylvia sw “¿Omiebody
1
Who) sw Paul? WG) did Sylvia see?
Sylvia, (Sylvia saw him.) aul, (She saw Paul)
who! isthe subject ‘who’ isthe objet
“Paul isthe objet “Sylvia” is the subject,

Bin these questions, who/what is the subject
® Who lives in this house? (= somebody lives in it - who?)
(wot ‘Who does live?)
© What happened? (= something happer
(wot “What did happen?)
‘What's happening? (Whats = What is)
‘Who's got my key? (Wh hho has)
In these questions, who/what is the objec
"© Who did you meet yesterday? (= you met somebody — who?)
(© What did Paul say? (= Paul said something — what?)

= what?)

Who are you phoning?
‘What was Sylvia wearing?

Compare

jeorge likes oranges. >

© jill won some money. >
What did Jill win? — À hundred pounds,

C Use who for people (somebody). Use what for things, ideas et. (something)
© Who is your favourite singer?
© What is your favourite song?

1 questions wha/ohich how = EEE

EXERCISES

Make questions with who or what. In these questions, who/wha isthe subject.

Px

Somebody broke the window | [Who broke the window?
Something fl of shell. | | What
Somebody wants to ee you,
Somebody took my umbrella:
mein mado me
Somebody ls coming.

Make questions with who or what subject or objec),

Thoughtsomething. ] What did you buy?
Somebody lives inthis house. | | Whe Lives inthis house?
phoned somebody
nething happened ls night
Somebody knows the answer
Somebody did the wasbing-up.

1
2

5

as

5

6

7 Jill did something.
8

9

10

mí

R

Something woke me up.

Somebody saw the accident.
1 saw somebod

Somebody has got my per

“This word means something,

You want the missing information XXXXX). Write questions with who or what.

1 {Tose WORK yesterday but fortunately
20000 found it and gave it back to me.

2 [2000 phoned me lastnight She wanted
200K

He said 0000

1 hear chat XXXXX got married lst week:
YOK told me.

I met WOK on my way home this
me XXX,

evening, She tol

6 [ Steve and I played tennis yesterday.
NOOO won. After the game we OOO.

|
|
needed some advice, so 1 asked XXXXX, |
|
|
|

Te vas my birthday last week and I had
some presents. X00 gave me a book

and Catherine gave me XXXXK

unt

7

PEN Who is she talking to? What is it like?
(questions 3)

Julia stalking to somebody

Who isshe talk

In questions beginning Who... ?/ What ... ?/ Where ... ?/ Which ... 2, prepositions
(¢o/from/with ec) usually go atthe end
© “Where ate you from?’ Tin from Thai
© ‘john was afraid? "What was he afraid of?
‘Who do these books belong to?" “They're mine?
iris in hospital’ "Which hospital i hi
© ‘Kate is going on holiday? "Who with?" / "Who is she gr
© want to tlk 0 you. “What about? / "What do you want to talk to me about?

cll me something about it st good or bad, big or small, old or
When we say ‘What is it like?
new house?" et)
® A: There’ a new restaurant in our street
B: What ic like? ls e good?
A: don know, | haven't eaten there yet

isa preposition. eis nor the verb like (Do you like your

© A: What's your new cache
Ib: She’ very good. We learn alot

© A: E met Lindas parents yesterday.
B: Did you? What are they like?
A: They're very friendly,

© A: Did you have a nice holiday? What was the weather Hil
B: lt was lovely. The sun shone every day

108) avions BD whaviwhich/now =» DE puporions EERIE

451

454

455

EXERCISES
You want the missing information (00000. Write questions with who or wat.

¡(a

2 (Tn ooking for 000

4 [The film was about WORK,

5 (Te the money 10000

) (

) (wie yon
O

) (

) (

) (

6 (he book was writen by 2000

‘Complete the questions forthe pictures, Use one of these verbs + a preposition:
listen look talk talk wait write

TI ls

RO

=

1 Who is she talking to?
2 What
3 Who

te questions beginning Which … ?

1 Tom’ fherisimhospial, | [Which hospital ihe in?
2 We stayed at a hotel you
3 | Jack plays fora football cam.

+ [went to school in this town.

You want some information about another country. You ask somebody who has been ther.
Ask questions with What iar. like?

1 (he ronds) What are the roads like? 3 (he people)

2 (the food) 4 (he weather)

Ask questions with What was/wer ike?

1 Your friend has just come back from holiday. Ask about the weather.
What was tre weather Uke?

2 Your friend has just come back from the cinema, Ask about the film.

3 Your friend has jus finished an English course. Ask about the lessons.

4 Your friend has just come back from holiday. Ask about the hotel.

unr

45

199]

1100]

What.

What + now (What colour

'® What colour is your ca? © What colour are your eyes?
© What size is this shire? © What make is your TV set?
© What time isi? © What day is it today?

What kind of job do you want? (or What type of job ...? / What sort of job ... 2)

What without now
© What’ your favourite colour? 9. What do you want to do this eve

‘or peopl)
id you catch = the 9.50 or the 10.302
© Which doctor did you see - Doctor Ellis, Doctor Gray or Doctor Hill?

We use which without a noun for things, not people:
Camada or Australia?

We use who for people (without a noun}
© Who is aller ~ Bill or Gerry? (not ‘Which is aller?)

What or which?
We use which when we are thinking about small number of possibilities (perhaps
© We can go this way or that way.

to [212212

What is more general: WHICH?

© What is the capital of Argentina?
© What sort of music do you like?

3or4):

Compare:
'® What colour are his eyes? (not “Which colour?)
Which colour do you prefer, pink or yellow?
© What isthe longest river in the world?
Which isthe longest river — the Mississippi, the Amazon or the Nile?

How ...?
© How ss the party lst night?” Te was great?
+ “How do you usually go to work?” "By bus!

‘You can usc how + adietie/adherb (how tall / how old / how often et}

tallare you? Tin 1 metre 70°
Dig isthe house?” “Not very big’
old is your mother?” “She 45.

“How À far iit from here to the airport? ‘Five kilometres
often do you use your car?” “Every day”
Tong have they been married?" “Ten years!
much waste meal?” “Twenty pounds?

sion > ETRE How tong does i take ..?=> IH which onc( => INES

EXERCISES 46

‘ite questions with what.

Vee gota new TV set. | [maker _Whab make is ib?

1
2 Tan ajob. | [nd]. Wak kind of job do you want?

3] tvegotanewsueater. | | colour?) What

4 | Ugotupeat is morning. | | (ime?) setup?
5 Tike mus

6 Ianto buy aca.

Complete the questions. Use Which ..?

Putin whaUwhichwho,

1 What echt mans mame? 6
2 Which y shall we go? Left or Fight? 7
3 You can have tea or cof. do 8 is olden, Ann or George?
9
0

you prefer? kind of camera have you got?

ay day isi today?” “Friday 10 A: Mary has got three cameras,

5 This sa nice house, room is B camera docs she use most?
yours? u nationality are you?

Complete the questions with How +adjetive or adverb (high/ong eo.

1 Hom high is Mount Everest? ] (‘Nearly 9000 metres.

2 isitto the station? | | es about wo kilometes from here
3 is Helen? | | Shes 26.

4 do the busesrun? | | Every ten minutes.

5 isthe water inthe pool? | | Two metres.

6 have you lived here? | | Nearly rec year.

‘Write questions with How … 2

1 Are you 1 metre 702 1.752 1.802 How tall are you?
2 ls his box one kilogram? Two? Three?

3 Are you 20 years old? 22? 252

3
5

Did you spend £102 £152 £20?
Do you watch TV every day? Once a week? Never?

6 sit 1000 miles from Paris to Moscow? 15002 20007

por

47

1102]

How long does it take ...

How long does it take

letales | en minutes
along time

by plane.
bytrain | from...to
bycar

How long does it take by plane

from London to Madrid?

Ietakes two hours.

How long does
Te takes two how

take by train from London to Manchester?
by train from Loridon to Manchester.

How long does it take by car from your house to the station?
© Te takes ten minutes by car ftom my house to the station.

le | took

will take | (diem) | threchowes

(Ann) | along time

does (you)
How long | did | ittake (Ann) | to

will (hem)

takes | (me) | a week

I started reading the book on Monday.
1 finished it on Wednesday evening,
Ie took me three days to read it

How long does it take to fly from London
Te takes a long time to learn a language

It doesn't take long to cook an omelette.
I takes me 20 minutes to get to work

1 came by tain? “Did you? How long di
It took Tom an hour to do his shopping,
id it take you a long time to find a job?

do long will it take me to learn o drive?
Te will take us an hour to cook the dinné

to Madrid?

it take (o get here)?

474

EXERCISES

Look the pictures and write questions with How long … ?

Hon Long des it take by plane from London to Amsterdam?

How long does take todo these things? Write fl sentences.

1 Ay from your city/country to London
IL takes two hours to fig from Madrid. to London,

2 y from your city/country to New York
3 study to bea doctor in your country
4 walk from your home to the nearest shop

5 get from your home tothe nearest airport

‘Wit questions with How long di take. 2

1 (She found place olive.) Hon long did take her to find apace to lve?

2 {I walked to the sation.) you

3 (He cleaned the windows.)

4 (leur to ski)

5 (They repaired the car)

ead the situations and write sentences with took

1 Tread a book last week. [started reading it on Monday. finished it eee days ate.
leak me three days to read the book.

2 We walked home lastnight. We lef a 10 o'clock and we arrived home a 10.20

3 learnt to drive last yea. had my fist driving lesson in January. 1 passed my diving test six

months later
4 Mark drove to London yesterday. He left home at 8 o'clock and got to London at 10.

5 Linda began looking fora job a long time ago. She got a job last week,

6 arte true sentence abou yourself)

unr

47

[103]

Do you know where ... ?
| don’t know what ... etc.

Paula?

7 ee) ‘oon hoe We sy: Where
a)

©

Compare:

uu: Do you know where Paula i ?
(ot Do you know where is Paula?)

Inthe same way we ay:

4

dont know force Paul is
Can youll ne

Who are those people? but who those people are
How ol is Linda? Do you know | how old Linda is A
Can you tll me ite
ï — nom | tow much
How much is this camera? ow much th
E Tknow ,
When are you going away? loc Tat | rien yoo da me

Where have they gone? a where they have gone
What was Ann wearing? Tone remember | hat Ann was wearing

B Questions wich do/does/did (est simple

nd pas simple):
Where does he live >

Do you know where "he lives ? (101 Do you know where does he live?)

Compare:

How do aeroplanes Ay? but Do you know | how aeroplanes fly
What does Jane wane? Tdon't know | what Jane wants

Why did she go home? 1 don’t remember | why she went home
Where did pur the key? T know | where E put che key

/Do...2/ Can

© Questions beginning Is

ee (yes/no questions}

Compare:

Is Jack at home? ut Jack isachome |;
Have they gota car? Do you know | je | they've gota car

Can Brian swim? or | Brian can swim |]
Do they live near here 1 don’t know | whether | they live near here
Did anybody sce you? anybody saw you

c ifor whether in these sentenc
ota car? or Do you know whether they've gota car?

You can u
9 Do you know if they’

1104]

EXERCISES 48

‘Answer these questions with I don't know where/whentwhy... to.

Have your friends gone home? | (where) 1 dont know where they've gone.

1
2 ls Kate in her office? | | (where) 1 don't know
3 ls the castle very old? | | (how old)

4 Will Paul be here soon? | | (when)

5 | Was he angry because I was te? | | (why)

6 | Has Sally ved here along time? | | (how long)

Complete the sentences.

1 (How do aeroplanes y) Do you know Maw aeroplanes. ly?

2 (Where docs Susan work?) 1 don know

3 (What did Pere ay?) Do you remen 2
4 (Why did he go home eat?) Tdon' know a

5 (What time does he film begin?) _ Do you know ?
$ (How didthe accident happen?) don remember

whichis ight?

1 Do you know what ime it /iti? Do you know what ie ight

2 Why are you / you are going away?
3 Idont know where are they / they are going.

3 Can you tell me where th

5 Where do you want / you want to go for your holidays?
6 Do you know what do clephants cat / elephants ea?

‘Write question wth Do you know if ..?
1 (Pave they gota ca?) Do you kom if they've gob a car?
2 (Are they married», Do you know

3 (Does Sue know Bil?)

3 (Will George be here tomorrow?)

5 (Did he pas his exam?)

Write question beginning D you know
1 (What does Ann want) Do you know what Ann wants?
2 (Whereis Paul?) Do

3 (sche working today)

3 (What time does she start work?)

5 (Are the shops open tomorrow?)

6
7

(Where do Sarah and Tim ive?)
{Did they go o Ann’ party?)

Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
1 Do you know why the bus mas late >

2 Do you know what time 2
3 Excuse me, can you tell me where 2
4 Ldon't know what

5 Do you know if A

105)

EE She said that... He told me that...

A -

Tast week you went toa prey Alotof Today you meet Pal, Youth
yout cdo wer thee Here ae ome about he party. You tll au what
Bing they ald you Time
Diane sid ha she was ejoying
Ems Keramik
[My father isn’t very well, e ‘She said that her father wasn’t
very we

a [TESEO are > wore Sarah and Tim sid that they
ya hoe were going to buy a house
2 Mareo) Peter sid that he had so go cat.

¿My sister has) has
gone to Sri) to Australi,

ann am can > could Ann sid that she couldn't find
— ajob.

& sure (Thon yon) will — would Stevesaid chat he would phone

a dock, Angela sid that she didn’t like

> da herjob.

mA ee) does) She sid hat her son didn’tlike
Tike school. school

(ou look ted look > looked Mike ad the looked tr
fa fe
y ho) de Tssid chat fale fine

sxe = ore) tps)

B say andeett

say (> said) tell (> told)
© He said that he was ted © He told me that he was tired,
(ot He said me) (joe He told that
® Wha did she say to you? 9 What did she tell you?
Gray you’) (‘tell to you")
Do not say: he sid me”, ‘said Ann’ el. Do nor say: he told to me’, told to Ann ee

© You can say:
® He said that he was tired. or He said he vas tired. (without that)
© Ann told me that she didn’t like her job. or Ann told me she didn't like her job

1106] etd io DE

EXERCISES 49

Read what these people say and write sentences with He/She They sa (hat)

He said. he had. lost his watch. a
3 & ATeaie goto the parse) rc O)
Dur) 9 @D Den)

5 A minerai 109, We havengora key.)

Use te pictures to complete the sentences.

1
2 Betty didn’ want anything to cat. She said

3 L wanted to borrow Mike’ ladder but he said

4 Sally was invited to the party but she sid

5 Sharon cold me she dido want the picture. She sid
6

7

8

Martin has just gone away on holiday: He said
I was looking for Robert. Linda said

le said
k 0, She said

“Why did Steve say at home?"
9 “Has Mary gone ou ‘Teh

Putin sayaidortellAod
1 He Sal he was tied 7 The woman she was a reporter.
2 Wha did she tel you 8 The wom: sche was a reporter.
3 Ann... she didn ike Peter 9 They asked me alot of questions but 1
4 Jack „me that you were il ida’. them anything.

5 Please don't... Jim what happened. 10 They asked me alot of questions but |
6 Did Lucy she would be bt did't anything

[107]

A

work/working

sork/go/be et infin

We use the

|

infinitive wich will/can/must ete

go/going

do/doing

will An will be here soon, >
Shall! open the window? | © Unis 28-29
Ymight phone you later] 2 Ua
May 1 it here? juan
1 can’t meet you tomorrow
Could you pass te al, please? | UN
lts lat, I must go now: = Unit 32
You shouldn’t work so hard. => Unit 33
would Would you like some coffee? = Unit 35,
do/does Do you work? = Unis 67

(present simple). They don’t work very hard.
Tina doesn't know many people.

How much does it cost?

did = Unit 12

past simple)

‘What time did the rain leave?
We didn’t sleep well.

B to work / to go / to be ex: (+ infin)

(Un) going to... Pan going to play tennis tomorrow. — Unit 27
‘What are you going to do?

(1) have to... Ihave to go now. = Unit 4
Everybody has to eat

() want to. Do you wane to go out? = Uniest
‘They don't want to come with us

(1) would like to... 1d like to talk to you. = Unit 35
Would you like to go ou?

(0) used to. Dave used to work in a factory => Unit25

spl

am/is/are + “ing > Units 34, 8,26

(present continuous)

Please be quiet, Pim working,
“Tom isn’t working today
What time are you going out?

was/were + ing. > Units 13-14

(ost continuous)

lt was raining, so we didn’t go out.
‘What were you doing when the phone rang?

[LOS] veto. and ing want todo / enjoy doing) = ETE go + -ing > ETE]

502

EXERCISES 50
Complete te sentences. Write: .. phone Paul or... to phone Paul

1 FIL phone Paul 6 Do you have ?

2 l'm going - be phone, Paul 7 You should

3 Can you Paul? 8 Lane

4 Shallt 2 9 Imighe

5 Tidlike 10. You must

Complete te sentences with aver rom the Dox. Sometimes you need the infinitive (work/go et.) and
sometimes you needing (working/going etc.)

do/doing iget/ getting sleep/sleeping ‘watch /watching
‘eat /eating go/going say/saying wear/ wearing

Ay/Alying liscen/lstening. wait/waiting work/working
1 Please be quiet. Im working

2 1 feel red today. 1 didn't SHR... very well lst night

3 What time do you usually up in the morning?

4 ‘Where ae you! 7° “To che ba

5 Did you television lastnight?

6 Look at ehat plane! les very low.

7 You can turn off the radio, Pim not toit.

8 They didn't anything because hey weren't hungry

9 My friends were for me when L arrived.

10 “Does Sharon always gases?” ‘No, only for rea

11 ‘What are you this evening?” ‘Pm at home:

Putte verb inthe correct form. Choose:
the infinitive (warkigo etc) or 10... (lowork/ to go etc) or ing (working/going etc)

1 Shall Pen _the window? (open)

2 Ie late Ihave, % $2 now. (go)

3 Ann isn't Working. this week. She's on holiday. (work)

3 Pine. I don't want our. (go)

5 Iemighe "so take an umbrella with you. (rin)

6 What time do you have tomorrow morning? (leave)

7 Ymafaid cant you. (help)

8 My brothers astudent, Hes physics. (study)

9 Would you ike ‘on. trip ound the world? (go)

10. When you saw Janet, what was she > (ea)

11 When you go to London, where are you going 2 (y)

12 Cm hungry. 1 must something o eat. (have)

13 ‘Whore’ George?” “Hes bath: have)

13 ted à car but [sold ias year. (have)

15 Hespoke very quiet I coulda’t him. (hear)

16 You don look well. dont think you should to work today. (go)
17 1 dont know what he sid. as to him. (listen)

18 Timsorey Pm ae. had a phone cll. (make)

19 Lane ‘what happened. (know) You must me. (el)
20 May your phone? (use)

1100)

51

mo]

to ... (I want to do) and -ing (l enjoy doing)

bs + 10 ... (Lwant to do)
want pl decido ary

hope expect offer forget) + to... (todo / to work / to be et.)
need promise refüse learn

© What do you want to do this evening?

© lé not very lite. We don’t need to go hon

© Tina has decided to sell her car

© You forgot to switch off the light when you we
My brother is learning to drive.

© 1 tried to read my book but 1 was too re.

vas +

1 ( enjoy doing)

enjoy stop

1 min Suggest +-ing (doing / working / being cc)

© 1 enjoy dancing. (nor “enjoy to dance) Gris
© dont mind getting up car
His it stopped mining?
ng to the cinema,

hs + i

3 BE dc continue >> +-ing (doing etc) or to ... (to do cic)
Do you ike getting up early? or Do you like to get up early?
1 prefer travelling by cat. or prefer to travel by cr.

Ann loves dancing. or Ann loves to dance.

hate being lt. or hate to be lat

Iestarted mining. or Itstarted to

would like 10... (te)

‘wouldlike would love

Fe eas +10 ... (to do / to work / to be ic)

lia would like to meet you. (not “would like meeting’)
love to go to Australis, (Vd = 1 would)

‘Would you like to sit down?” “No, I'l prefer to stand, thank you!
© 1 wouldn’t like to be a teacher.

pepatkion + ings

EXERCISES

51

51.1. Puttheverbinthe ghtfonm,t..or-ing.

1 Lenjoy dancing. (lance 9 Where Bll? He promised

2 What do you want & de. (do) tonight? (be) here on time.

3 Goodbye! hope (Gee) you 10 Fmnorina hurm I don mind
again soon. (wat,

4 Fam (evi) when was 11 What have you decided (oy
five years old. 12 George was very angry and refused
5 Hine you ned (clean) the (pat) 10 me,

kitchen? 3 Where’ Ann? I need (sk)
6 Fn det wane (go) t0 bed. _ hersomeing.

7 Do you enjoy (visit) other 14 I was very upset and started (ery).
‘ countries? 15 ln erying (work). Please stop

& The weather was nice 1 sggeted (alo.

(Go) fora walk by the river
51.2 Complete the sentences using lo … or ing. Use one ofthese verbs:
go help le lose rain read see send ke wait walk watch
\ 1 [like London but I wouldn't like te live... chere.
2 ike ‚taking (OR to take) photographe when Pm on holiday
y 3 Linda has a lot of books. She enjoys
À Pm surprised that your here did’ expoct you.
) 5 Dont forget ‘usa postcard when you're on holiday.
6 Shall we gta aio the cinema? "Ifyou Tike, bu it nf don mind
7 This ings very beau, bate se
: $ Julia had loco dos offered her
9 What shall we do is aternoon? Would you ike to the beach?
| 10 When Fin dred in the evenings, ike sien

11 Shall we go now? No, [a prefer afew mi?

12 Fino going out unt ops

Complete the answers tothe questions.

AL

P Do you usualy get up early?
2 Do you ever go to museums?
3 Do you often write leer?
\ 4 | Have you ever been to New York?
5 Do you often travel by ain?
] 6 | Shallwecatathome or go toa

Yes ike geting (OR o gel) up cary

Yes Move

No. dont lke

No. but love

Yes enjoy

1 doa mind
but prefer

one day.

| 514 Complete these sontences. Write about yoursel. et... or-ing,
1 Lenjoy.

\ 2 1dontlike
3 fits nice day tomorrow Fad like

y 4 When I'm on holiday, LH
5 I dont mind but

6 Twouldn' like

u

na

Iwantyou to... I told you to...

The woman wants to go,
The man doesn’t want the woman to go.
He wants her to stay.
We say
you
Iwant { somebody | to do something
Ann

© I want you to be happy. (no T want that you are happy)
© ‘They didn't want anybody to know their secret
© Do you want me to lend you some money?

We use would like inthe same way:
© Would you like me to lend you some money?

We also use this structure (ve + somebody + 60...) wih

wb + somebody + to
Sue asked affiend tolend — hersomemoney
1 told you tobe careful
What do you advise me to do?
Taide expect them tobe here
We persuaded George to come with us
[taught mybrother to swim,

told you 0... / I told you not to

cforms) > Ann told me to wait fore.

== me Paul told Sue not to wat for him.

make and let
Aer make and let, we do nor use to:

O° es very funny He makes me laugh. (ot ‘makes me to laugh)

© At school our teacher made us work very hard

© Sue let me use her computer because mine wasn't working (not “let me to use)

You can say Lets … (= Let us) when you want people to do things with you
© Come on! Lets dance,
igh” No, l'm tired. Lets stay at home?

© “Shall we go out to

EXERCISES

te sentences beginning | want you … / don't want you ../Do you want me
1 (you muse come with me) ant you to come, with me.

2 (listen careful) I vane
3 (please done be angry) don't
4 (hall wait for your) Doyou

5 (dont phone me tonight)
6 (you must mect Sara)

Look te pictures and compete the sentences,

CS

IQ 4
TP NÓ =

1 Dan persuaded „me bo go to the cinema.
2 1 wanted to get to the sation. A woman told
3 Brian wasn't well Ladvised

4 Linda had lot of luggage. She asked

5 Las busy. Fold

6 L wanted to make a phone cll. Paul et

7 Sue is going to phone later. told

8 Ann’ mother aught

‘Complete these sentences withthe verbs in the ist. Sometimes tos necessary (to go / o wat et.)
sometimes oi not necessary (ga/wait et)

arrive borrow get go go make repeat tell dhink wait

1 Please stay here, I don't want you 40.90,

2 it hear what she said, o asked her. A

3's No, lets à few minutes?

4 already here? expected them much later
5 Kevin’ parents didn't want him. ‘married,

{6 want to say here. You can't make me wich you.
7 “ls that your bicycle?” ‘No, its Johns. He let me E
8 Mary cant come to the party. She told m you.

9 Would you like a drink? Would you like me some coffee?
10 "Ann doesn't like me? "What makes you hae”

52

pa

uw]

I went to the shop to ...

aula wanted a newspaper, so she
went tothe shop.

‘Why did she go tothe shop?
To buy a newspaper.

She went to the shop to buy à
newspaper

to... (to buy / to see cc) tells us why a person does som
Why are you going out?” “To get some bread
© Ann went to the sation to meet her fiend,
® Suc turned on the television to watch the
9 Tike to go to Spain to learn Spanish,

money/time to (do something)
“Ze need some money to buy food
© 1 haven't got time to watch television.

do... and for 0

to + Tor + nou

(Go buy / to see ec)

"went to the shop to buy a newspaper.
(wor for buy’)

© They're going to Scotland to see their
fiends

© We need some money to buy food.

(for a newspaper / for food etc)
went to the shop for a newspaper.

© They going o Scotland for a holiday.

© We need some money for food.

wait for
© Please wait for me.
© Are you waiting for the bus?

wait 10 (do somet
8 Horry up! Um waiting to go.
Are you waiting to see the doctor?

wait for (omebody/sor
1 can't go out y
to phone.

thing) to,

© Are you waiting for the doctor to come?

paa something o e
enough to. BREI too... to/for =>

for John

Tear’ go out yet. Im
waiting for John to phone,

(e

nothing co doc. > ENEE

532

83

umır

EXERCISES 53

Wit sentences beginning | went to … . Choose from the boxes.
thestation the post office buy some food get some stamps
the café thesupermarket | | eateh-eerain mecta friend
1 went to the station to catch a. train.

2 Lent

5

4

Finish th sentences, Choose from the box.

to open this door to wake him up to ce who it was
towatehthenews co read the newspaper 10 get some fesh air

1 Trurned on the television „te match the news.
2 Alice sat down in an armchair

3 Dol need a key 3
4 Lent fora walk by the river

5 [knocked on the door of David room

6 The doorbell rang, so looked out ofthe window

Use your own ideas t finish these sentences. Use ..
1 Len to the shop 42 buy a newspaper

2 Vim very busy. haven't got time

3 phoned Ann

4 Fra going out

5 1 borrowed some money.

Put into or for.
1 Paula went co the shop #...buy some bread

2 We went toa restaurant... have dinner
3 Robert wants to go to university... study economies.

4 l'in going to London nterview next week

5 I'm going to London ....... visit some friends of n

6 Have you gor time... à cup ofeoflee?

7 1 got up late this morning. I didnt have time … wash

8 Everybody needs money live,

9 The office is very small. There’ space only. a desk and chair

10. A: Excuse me, are you waiting
B: No, l'm wait somebody.

sc the phone?

Finish hese sentences. Choose rom:
Johmtphone — it/toarrive you /tellme the film / begin
ys for John to phone.

1 Lean’ go out yet. Pm veni
2 sat down in che cinema and waited
3 We called an ambulance and waited

4 "Do you know what to do?” "No, I'm waiting

ps]

It)

goto... goon... gofor... go-ing

18010 ... (go to work / go to London / go to a concert cc)

© What time do you usually go to work?
© Pin going to France next week
nt to go to the concert. == nn
‘She’ gone to bed.
© I went to the dentist last week

go to sleep = start to sleep:
© Twas very tired and went to sleep quickly.

go home (witout to)

8 I'm going home now: (nor ‘going to home’)

goon
Holiday © We're going on holiday next week.
atrip Children often go on school trips.
atour + When we were in Scotland, we went on a lot of excursi
0 on | excursion to different places
dende © The workers have gone on strike.
work)
go for

© Where Ann? 'Shes gone for a walk!
Do you go for a run every day?
Fm [© The sea looks nice. Lets go for a swim.
go (somewhere) for |"! | @ We went for a drink after work yesterday.
© Shall we go out for a meal? | know a good restaurant,
‘They've gone to Scotland for a holiday.
(We say ‘on holiday” but ‘for a holiday")

a walle

holiday

go + -ing
We use go + -ing for many sports (swimming / skiing cic) and also shopping:

CGR)

Les | Sam
he is going | fishing.
vemo | Bi

they hive gone | los
89 | jogging et.

© you going shopping this afternoon? |
© Ics a nice day. Lets go swimming. (or Lers go for a swim.)
© Rachel has a small boat and she often goes s

1g before breakfast this morning,

EXERCISES 54

54.1 Putintofonfor where necessary.
1 Fin going France next week
2 Rachel often goes 7. sal
3 Sue went… Mexico last year.
4 Would you like to go... the cinema this evening?
5 Jack goes every morning.
6
7
$

Pm gs à walk. Do you want to come?
I'm tired because 1 went o à party st
Martin is going ....... holiday

the river was lean, so we went
«week because the bus drivers are going... strike.

bed very late

9 The weather was warn
10 There will be no buses
11 1 nced some stamps, so I'm going he post offi
12 He at, must go... home now.
\ 13 Would you like to go... a tour of the city?

14 Shall we go out meal this eve

15 My parent are going à cruise cis sumer.
42 Use he pictures t complet the sentences. Use gagoes/going/went + ing.
1 ofen [2 lw Saray [3 erry day Ta armen [5 tar CET
\ y S
>
SR G
1. Rachel has a boat, She often 9988 sailing
| 2 Las Saturday Diane went
3 George ‘every day
y 4 Linda s going on holiday next month. She is
5 Peteris going out later. He has to
6 Sheila lier work yesterday evening.
Use the words inthe boxto finish these sentences, Use tana necessary.
home shopping holiday aswim dep
awalk Portugal ring the bank skiing
1 The ca looks nice. Lets go for a sim
\ 2 “ls Annathome? “No, she’ gone to get some money?
3 Em going now: have to buy some presen.
3, Las very tired ls night. at down in an armchair and went
5 ant enjoying the party, so | went early
6 We ve near the mountains. In winter we go every weekend
7 Richard has gora horse. He offen goes

$ The weather is nice, Shall we go in the park
9 A: Are you going soon?
B: Yes, next month. Were going,
mn

55

ws]

get

geta letter / get a job ec. (get + noun) = receive/buy/ferch/find:

a you getit —
seuldonrt have Wonictbing: you have it

© “Did you get my letter?” “Yes, I got it yesterday
+ Like your pullover. Where did you get 12 (= Any)
+ (on the phone) “Hello, can I speak to Ann, please?” “One moment. I'l get her (= ft)
+ les dieu 10 get a job at the moment. (= find)

alo get a bus / à train / a taxi (= take a bus/eain etc}
"© “Did you come here on foot?” “No, I got the bus?

recio)

get hungry / get cold / get tired ec (get + adjerin) = become:

a Soi get hongry E
You nor hungry: you are hungry

© Ifyou dont cat, you get hungry.
© Drink your coffee. les getting cold.

© Lim sorry your mother is il. hope she gets better soon.
© We got very wet because we didn’t have an umbrella,

te gua maried à Lind and Frank re geting marie won.
abs os ee
tee eta oe ee

ons ar é
Pneu work ee 30, (a ar tu) Pt]
Aer decir MI

+ How did you get here? By bus?
get home {without to)
‘© What time did you get home lastnight?

get in/out/on/off

getin Gea) get out (ofa car) ger on get off
bus / a train /a plane)

© Kate got in the car and drove away. (You can also say: Kate got into the car.)

© A car stopped and a man got out. (bu! A man got out of the car.)

© We got on the bus outside the hotel and got off in Church Street

goto CREED invouon/or> EER get up > geton > EE

EXERCISES 55

‘Complete these sentences. Use ges) and choose from the box.

aus my leer some milk a doctor
yourjacket — agoodsiliry aticker the job

1 Y wr to you last week. Did you get. my letter?
2 Where did you 2 Kes very mice
3 Quick! This man sil We mu

3 Ton’ wane co walk home. Lees

5 1 had an interview with the manager but | did't

6 When you go out, can you ;
7 “Are you going tothe concert? Yes, Il can

$ Margaret has got a well-paid job. She

Complete these sentences. Use getting + one of these words:
dark late old ready married

1 Drink your coffee. Its getting cold...

2 Tara on the light. Is

3 Tm next week? “Oh, really? Congratulations!”
4 “Where Sally to go out?

su eS dime to go home.

Complete the sentences. Use ge/go + one ofthese words:
angry better humgry lost mai

nervous old wet

1 Ifyou dont eat, you „geb hungry,
2 Dont go out in the rain. You'll

3 My brother last year. His wife’ name is Julia,

4 Why did you wich me? I didn't do anything wrong,
5. We tried to find the hotel but we

6 ut we all

7 ‚sn very good but it

8 Most people before examinations

ite sentences wi eft... and got...
1 home /7.30- work /8.15 left home ab 7.30 and got to pork ab 8.15,
2 London / 10.15 > Bristol / 11.45

{Hef London at 10.15 and
3 the party/ 11.15 > home / midnight

4 Write a true sentence about yourself,
Tief

Putin got in/ got out of /got on / got ot

1 Kate GO de car and drove away
21 ‘the bus and walked o my house fom th bus top.
3A the car, shut the door and went into à shop,
3 Venado a stupid make 1 the wrong tain

1119)

56

129

do and make

Do isa general word for actions:
‘What are you doing this evening? (nor "What are you making?)
© ‘Shall open the window?” “No, its OK. Fl do it?

© Julia job is very boring. She does the same thing every day

© did à lot of things yesterday

What do you do? = Whats your job?
$ "What do you do?” “T work in a bank!

Make = produce/crete, For example:

Le

A/A ti

She making coffee, He has made a cake. They make umbrellas. Te was made in France.

Compare do and make:
© did a lor of things yesterday L cleaned my room, I wrote some letters and I made a

cake,
‘+ A: What do you do in your free time? Sport? Reading? Hobbies?
B: I make clothes. I make dresses and jackets. 1 also make toys for children.

Expressions with do

an exam (examination) /a test Um doing my driving test next week

à course John has just done a training course
do | homework ® Have the children done their homework?
10 | (somebody) a favour © Ann, could you do me a favour?

exercises © 1 go fora run and do exercises every morning.

housework © 1 hate doing housework, especially cleaning.

lo do the shopping / the washing / the washing-up / the ironing / the cooking «e
© I did the washing but I didn't do che shopping.

Expressions with make

a mistake
an appoint
a phone call

© li sorry, I made a mistake,
© Imust make an appointment to sc the doctor.
use me, [have to make a phone call

make

alist © Have you made a shopping list?
a noise © Ie late. We mustn't make a no
bed ‘+ Sometimes [forget to make my bed in the morning.

We say make a film but take a photograph:
© When was this film made? fur When vas

photograph taken?

¿/d0es/did(neaiverand quesion) > EIRE make somebody o something = "MEA

551

52

uni

EXERCISES 56

Putin make/making/made or do/dong/did/done.

1 ‘Shall I open the window?" “No, its OKI 40. ie?

2 What did you acthe weekend? Did you go away?

3 Do you know how to bread?

4 Papers from wood.

5 Richard didn’t help me. He st in an armchair and nothing.
6 "What do you ? doctor!

7 Lasked you to clean the bathroom, Have you ie

8 "What do they

on some cofle
10 Why are you angry with me? I
11 Whatare you

yg wrong,
working:

‘What are these people doing?

1 He's making a cake. 7
2 They s
3 He 9
4 10
5 u
6 2

Putin make ord inthe comet orm.
1 Late ding _ housework, especialy le:

2 Why do you always ‘the same mistake?
3 “Can you e a fivour?" “Te depends what iti

4 “Have you your homework?” "Not yet!

5 1 need to see the dentist but I haven't an appointment,

6 Um a course in photography at the moment. Its very good.
7 The las tim am exam was fen years ago.

8 When you've finished Exercise 1, you can Exercise,

wrong with the car, The engine is strange noise
ce, le yas the worst mistake Pie ever
11 Lets à lt of al the

igs we have to. today.

57

c

123

have

have and have got (> Unit 9)

ve got (something) or I have (Gomet is mine
Pre got a new car. or L have a new car.

© Sue has got long hair. or Sue has long hair

© Have they got any children? or Do they have any childr

© Tim hast got a job. or Tim doesn’t have a job.

© How much time have you got? or How much time do you have?

‘alo

Fre got} | ahedache /@) toothache 7 mach ache /< pain Gn my ogee)
Ihave J | à cold / a cough / asore throat / a temperature / flu et

© Pye got a headache. or Ihave a headache.
(© Have you got a cold? or Do you have a cold?

‘The pas is: had (widhou “got /1 didn't have / Did you have? etc:
"© When I first met Sue, she had short hair,
© He didn’t have any money because he didn’t have a job.
+ How much time did you have?

have breakfast / have a shower cc

In these expressions have = ca/drink/take et, You cannot use ‘have got

breskfat lunch / dinner © “Where Ann? ‘She's having lunch.”
have | a mea /a sandwich / a pizza et © 1 don’t usually have breakfast
à cup of coffe / gas of milk ete $ Thad thre cups of cof this morning

something to eat/drink “Have a bi

it” “Oh, thank you.

We also use have (or “have got) in these expressions

à bath / a shower 1 had a shower this morning,
res /a holiday / a party We're having a party next week. You
nice time / à good journey et must come,

have | à walk / a swim / a game (oftennisetc)| 9 Enjoy your holiday Have a nice time!
‘dream / an accident © Did you have a good time in London?
ababy © Sandra has just had a baby
look at.) + Can have look a your newspaper?

Compare P've got and I have:
"© Pve got / have anew shower. Its very good.
(iu can se ve got o have in thi sentence.)
© | have a shower every morning. (not ve got)
© A: Where’ Paul?
D: He's having a shower. (= he’ washing now)

Lhave/Lve gor=> ETE ve (done) (pren porte) > MEE I have vo. > EE

Al

CH

73

SA

EXERCISES

Putin the correct form of have or have got

1 1 didule have. ime todo the shopping yesterday: (1/ not have)
2 Has Lisa got. (OR Does Lise have) ne No,checamtdtie (List have?)

3 He can open the door ake the / not / ave)
4 à col last week, He’ better now (George / have)
5 Whats wrong? a headache? {you / have?)

6 We wanted to go by taxi but we rough money. (ve / not / have)
7 Lirio very busy much fre tin (She not / have)
s any problems when you were on holiday? (jou / have?)

Wat ae these people doing? Choose from te st:
arest acupoften abath breakfast dinner a nice time
5

EN

‘What do you say in these situations?

fan igo hd Wht do you wher bef se gs?
mc .

e me Ca lr Sian ua hp A Oe
ee a ae

3 Tom is going on a long journey: What do you say to him before he leaves?

4 es Monday morning. You are at work. Ask Paula about her weekend,
5. Paul as just come home after playing tennis with a friend. Ask him about the game

6

Rachel is goin ‘What do you say to her before she goes?

Complete the sentences. Use have/had and choose from the ist
an accident a glass of water alook a walk «party something to cat

1 We had & party... few weeks ago. We invited fifty people,

2 ‘Shall we ? No, I'm not hungry!

3 Las thirsty, sol

3 Vike ro get up early and before breakfast

good driver. She has never
hing wrong with the engine of my car. C

6 There som

n you aie

57

1123]

me he/him they/them etc.

A poe

alg ale ı
2 1)
pos des RE ae

B things

qe

subie
object

dont want this book. You can have
dont want these books, You can have them,
Diane never drinks milk. She doesn't like it

© never go to parties. I dont like them

© We use me/her/them et. (object) after a preposition (For/to/with et):
© This letter isn't for me. Its for you.
© Who is that woman? Why are you looking at he
© Weite going to the cinema. Do you want to come
© Sue and

ch us?
to go with them?

© Robert wants these books. Can you give them to him, please?

[124] mys ct. [ETE] Give me tha book / Give ito me =

581

unır

EXERCISES 58

Fish the sentences wih him/erthem,

1 don’t know thos ir. Do you know em?
1 ont now that man, Do you know ?
{don’t know those people, Do you know

{don't know Davide wife. Do you know 2
Ton now Mr Stevens: Do you know ?
1 do know Sara parents Do you know 2
1 do now the woran with the Black coat. Do you know 2

Complete the sentences. Use Uimelyoulsherher et.

2 They want tose me but Font want to see
3 She wants to see him but docsnt want to see
4 We want o see them but. dont want o see
5 He wants to see us but dont want co see
6 They want to see her but doesn’t want to see
7 1 want to see them but dont want to see
8 You want to see her but doesn't want to see
Write sentences beginning ik... don'tlike … or Do you like ...?
1 dont cat tomatoes, don't like, them.
2 George is a very nice man. Like
is jacket isn't very nice. done
3 Thisismy new car. Do 2
5 Mrs Clark isnot very friendly. 1
6 These are my new shoes.
‘Complete the sentences. Use Ume/nemim etc.
1 Who is that woman? Why are you looking at Mer?
2 ‘Do you know that man?“ "Yes, work with $
3 Where are che tickets? I can’t find
3 Lean find my keys. Where are ?
5 out, You can come with
6 plays the piano,
7 Lon’ like dogs. I'm fra of
8 Tim talking to you. Please listen to
9 Whereis Ann? 1 want to talk to
10 My brother has a new job. doesnt like very much,
Complete the sentences.
1 Twant dnt book, Can you give ik to me 7
2 He wants the key. Can you give : 2
3 She wants the keys. Can you
3 Lane that letter, Can you 2
5 They want the money. Can you B
6 We want the photographs. Can you 2

1125)

EC my/his/their etc.

Tomy T like my job.

we Sour We like our jobs

you > your You like your job.

he > He likes his job,

she her She likes her job.
they > their They like their jobs.

it its Oxford (= it) is famous for its universi

We use my/your/his ct + a noun:
my hands his mother her new ear
ourhowe yourbest/riend their room

B his/her/cheie

dy" aso

OS

her husband his ster
(= Diane’
husband)

(= Diane’
children)

their son

their daughter

their children

Oxford is famous forts
like Oxford. Tes a nice

is)

(E is a ice city)

(126) mine/yours ccc.» EI Uime/my/mine > EN

592

EXERCISES:

Finish these somtences,

1 in going co wash „my hands.

2 Shes going to wash
3 Were going to wash
Finish these sentences.

1 He lives with his parents.
2 They live with

3 We

4 Julia lives

unır

4 He’ going to wash
5 Theyre going to wash
6 À nggto wash 2

5
6 John
7 Do you live 2
8 Most children

parents.

Look at te family ree and complete the sentences with hisMer/hei.

Se
o

© mera

1 saw Liz with Mer... husband, Philip
2 Lsaw Ann and Ted with ....... children.
3 Lave Ted vid. wile, Ar
4
5

saw George with _ brother, Bill.
saw Ann with... brother, Bil,

6 saw Liz and Philip with „son, Bil
saw Ann wich „..... parents

[saw Diana and Robert with — parents
Putin my/ouryourhis reis.
1 Do you like Mur. job?
2 Lknow Mr Watson but I don't know wie,
3 Mrand Mrs Baker liv in London. son lives in Australia,
3 Were going to havea party. Were going to invite all friends,
5 Ann is going out with fiends this evening,
6 Like tennis, I. favourite sport,
7 ‘Isthat. car?” ‘No, haven't got a eat?
8 ant to phone Ann. Do you know. phone number?
9 Do you think most people are happy in “jobs?
10 Fm going to wash hair before I go out,
11 This isa beautiful rec. leaves ae a beautiful colour.
12 John has a brother and a sister brother is 25 and ser is 21

‘Complete the sentences. Use myfisther et. with one ofthese words:

coat homework house husband job key name
1 Jim docs enjoy His Jb... 1 not very interesting.

2 Teant open the door haven't got

3 Say ismarricd. ‘works na ban

4 ls very cold today. Put on ‘when you go out.
5 "What are the children doing?” “They're do

‘Do you know that man?”
Welive in Barton Street

8
"Yes, but I don’t know
isa the end on the let

127

(028)

Whose is this? It's mine/yours/hers etc.

=

=
Mon

1 my > mine 1 my money. Hs mine.
we our > ours Its our money. Ik ours.
you > your > yours Lis your money IES yours.
he > his his Its his money. es his.
she > her — hers Kes her money, es hers
they > their theirs I their money. Ie theirs.

my/your e+ a nou (my hands / your book ec):
My hands are cold,

mine/yours
Is this book
Tid’ have

© We went in our car and they went in

Youc

€ his with or without a noun:
“Is this his camera or hers? “Ies his?

‘of mine. (nor ‘à friend of me’)
1d of his. (nor friend of him’)
¡ends of yours? (not friends of you')

fom was with a ri
Are those people

Whose ..?

ose hook isis? (= Is it your book? his book? my book? DP
You can ws ose wir ont nou
Fe money noie | me La Whose >)
Whore ihe 1% mine 2)
+ Whose sho to y tier

muse |

Whose are these? ey re John’s [Lee

my/his/beir = Vmme/mny mine => EEE Anns camera / my brothers car > EO

EXERCISES 60

Finish the sentances with mine yours etc.

1 your money. Tes yours: 5 es their house. Is
2 Its my bag. les 6 They're your books. They’
3 Res our ear. Its 7 They're my glases. They re
4 Theyre her shoes, They're 8 les his coat Tes

Choose he right word

1 Kes their/heire problem, nor @ur/ours. her and ours are right
2 Thisis a mice camera, Is it your/yours?

3 ‘Thats not my/mine umbrella. My/Mine is black

4 Whose books are these? Your/Yours or my/mine?

5 Catherine is going out with her/hers friends this evening.

6. My/Mine roomis bigger than her/hens

7, They've got two children but I don’t know theit/theirs

8 Can we use your washing machine? Our/Ours is broken.

Finish these sentences, Use friends) of mine/yours etc.

1 Len to the cinema with a ‚friend of mine.
2 They went on holiday with some friends of theirs
3 She’ going out with a friend
4
5

‘We had dinner with some
1 played tennis with a

6 Tom is going to meeta

7 Do you know those people? Ate they 3

Lookat the pictures, What are the people saying?

[JE 1/me/my/mine

e

(> Unie 58) (Uni) (Unit) (Unit)

Lino Tom. | Tomknowsme. | Ismycan | tes
u
Pa

7
D sweatin [runder A | iyo
N A He knows Tom. Tom knows him. lts his car. Ie his.

She knows Tom. | Tomknowsher. | I'shercar | leshers.

‘They know Tom. | Tom knows them. | tes their car. | tes theirs

© ‘Do you know that man?” “Yes, I know him but I cant remember his name!
he was very pleased because we invited her to stay with us at our house.

© A: Where are the children? Have you seen them?
B: Yes, they are playing with their friends in the park

{© Thats my pen. Can you give ito me, please?

9 ‘Is this your umbrella?” “No, is you

© He didn't have an umbrella, so she gave hi

© Tin meeting a friend of mine this even

ers. (= she gave her umbrella to him)
(nor "a friend of me

[1301 myiel’yourselfeic.> DA Give me that book / Give t to me > SES

su

CE)

EXERCISES

Answer the questions in the same way.

nr

61

T oe oul arn?) E

(RO fa 2)

Yes, know bar Lean

know those

Yer

bar

Finish these sentences in the same way.

wited ws to stay with
‘They invited me to stay with
Linvited them

She invited us

6 Did you invi him

Complete the sentences inthe same way.

1 gave him

2 1 gave her

3 He gave me

4 We gave them

5 She gave him

6 You gave us
They gave you

Putin himherfyous et.

Wheres Ann? Have you seen her. ?
Where are my keys? Where did pue
‘This eter is for Bill. Can you give it co
We wrote to John but he didn't answer
“1 cant find my pen. Can use
We're going to the cine

Did your sister pass
Some people alk about

address and she gave me
address and I gave
address and they gave
ares and
address and
address and

wited her lo stay with us ab our house.

my address and, he gave me his.

letter.

“Yes, of course?
‘Why dont you come with 2

{jabs all the time
Last might | went out fora meal with a friend of |

us]

(YA myself/yourself/themselves etc.

A
He lookingat hinsel. Hepyoursell __ Theÿieenjoyingdhemsches
PTS me > met] e Licoked a myself the mirror
be > him > himself | © He cu himsel with ke
sie > her = erste | 9 She Khai hr here
a yaa à [youll ec help yoursel. (me pera)
a a A
we us > durteles | © We hada good hola Wo enjoyed ursaiven,
ey > them themeclves | 9 They had nice time They enjoyed themselves.
BL on
hema ck Pme themselves ca
SH isloking a it He à looking ipl
A NT Esencia (54
never ko me, © Sont elk vo pal
© € ido pay for dem, © They pad for themselves.
© Did hur your + Be are, Dont hure yourself

© by myself/ by yourself cc. = alone:
1 went on holiday by myself: (= I went alone)
(© "Wis she with friends?” “No, she was by herself?

D cach other
Jill and Ann are good friends. They know each other well
Jill knows Ann /Ann knows Jill
+ Paul and live near each other. (= he lives near me / live near him)
Compare each other and «selves:

“Ae TEST

© Steve and Sue looked at each other. | ® Steve and Sue looked a themselves.
xe looked at her /shelookedathim) | (= he looked a himself she looked at here)

1132]

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EXERCISES 62

Finish the sentences wih myselUoursel tc

1 He looked at himself
2 F'm not angry with you. Pm angry with
3 Margaret had a nice time in London. She enjoyed

n the

4 My friends had a nice time in London. They enjoyed
5 I picked up a very hot plate and burnt

6 He never thinks about other people. He only thinks about

7 ant to know more about you. Tell me about (one person)
8 Goodbye! Have a nice holiday and look after Y ewe people)

Write sentences with by myselt/by yourself tc

1 Lwent on holiday alone. 1 went on holiday by myself.
2 When [aw him, he was alone. When I saw him, he

3 Dont go out alone Dont

4 Twentto the cinemaalone, 1

5 My sister lives alone, My sister

6 Many people live alone Many people

White sentences with each other

Kant
see he,

They can

‘Complete the sentences. Use: eachother or ourselvesiourselvesithemselves or us/youftem.
1 Paul and ive near ‚ach other

2 Who are those people? Do you know them 2

3 You can help Tom and Tom can help you. So you and Tom can help

4 There’ food in the kitchen. Ifyou and Chris are hungry, you can help

5 We didn't go to Ann’ party She didn't invite

6 When we go on holiday, we always enjoy

7 Mary and Jane were at school together but they never see now.
8 Diane and are very good friends. We've known fora long time
9 “Did you see David and Diane at the party?” “Yes, bt | didn't speak to

10 Many people tlk to ‘when they’ alone.

[133]

unır

(EB -’s (Ann’s camera / my brother’s car etc.)

my brothers car
(her camera) (his ex)

We normally use“ for people
"© [stayed at my sisters house (no the house of my sister’)
© Have you met Mr Kelly's wife? (no ‘the wife of Mr Kelly)
© Are you going to James's party?
© Paul is a man’s name, Paula isa woman’ name,

‘You can use = withon
© Mary’ hair is on
© “Whose umbrell

end house = one frend my friends? h

His house or her house) LE their house)
We write Safer We write > after
friend/student/mother et. (sigur) nts/parents et. (pla)

‘my mother's car (one mothe) ‘my parents? car (two parents)
my father's car (one father

© Weusc of... for tins pes ee
8 Look at the roof of that b roof)
We didn't see the beginning of the film. (no ‘the flim’ beginning’)
Whats the name of this village?
© Do you know the cause of the problem?
© You can sit in the back of the car.
‘+ Madrid isthe capital of Spain.

A vo. AA BEER

EXERCISES

| 6841 Lookat the family tree, Wit sentences about the peopl inthe family.
1 (Brian/husbang) Brian is Mary's husband..

\ 2 Qulia/mother) Julia. is Daniels mother.

3 (Mary/wife) Mary is wie
\ 3 Games/brother) James

5 Qames/uncle) une
) 6 Qulia/wito, Julia

7 (Mary/grandinother)

Mary and Brian are mar

8 Gulia/sister)

) | Theyweaton mesanda | 5 Bauland)
; Jia is married to Poul 10 aul/fathen)

11 @aniel/nephew)

Julia and Paul have à son, Daniel

Look at the pictues and answer the questions. Use one word only

ER

One Br rane Ba

> 1 ‘Whose is this? And this? 5 And this?
4 Mis É
4 Woche a Anti 6 gp tet

| 3-3 vethese sentences OK? Correct the sentences where necessary.

1 late CHER TE) my sisters house.
\ What's the name ofthis vago ok

2
3 Do you like the colour ofthis coat

4 Do you know the phone number of Bil?

5 The job of my brother is very interesting,
Write your name a the top of the page.

For me the morning is the best part ofthe day.
The favourite colour of Paula is blue.

‘When isthe birthday of your mothe:
“The houve of my parent isnt very big.

The car stopped at
‘Are you going tothe party of Silvia next week?
‘The manager ofthe hotel is on holiday at the mon

unır

63

1135)

64 aan

is

Hs gora camera, Shes waiting fora xi Tea beautiful day

a woman at the bus stop.

Ban (nna) before a/e/i/o/u
Do you want an apple ora banana?
‘mn going to buy a hat and an umbreh.
© There was an interesting programme on TV last

also am hour (h isnot pronounced: an (hour)
but a university (pronounced yunienity)
a European country (pronounced puropcan)

another (= an + other) i one word
© Can have another cup of tea?

© Wewsea/an ... when we say what thing ora perso
© The sun isa star,
© Footballs a game.
Dallas is a city in Texas.
A mouse isan animal, 14 a small animal
® Joe is a very nice person.

For example:

We use a/an … for jl te

"What does Mark do?”
Would you like to be a teacher?
Beethoven was a composer.

© Picasso was a famous painter,
© Are you a student?

[136] acar/some money (muntable/uncounshe) > CRE sand he > EJER

EXERCISES

64

64.1 Wiiteaoran,

1 Am. old book 4 airport 7 university

2 window 5 newsitpor # hour

3 horse 6 organisation 9 economic problem
64.2 What are these tings? Choose from te is

bel fait mountain river musical instrament

flower game planet tool vegetable

1 Aduckis 4 bird, 6 Jupiteris

2 A carrotis 7 Apearis

3 Tenis is $ The Amazon is

3 Ahammeris 9 Aroseis

Everest is 10 A trumpetis
(84.3 What are their jobs? Choose from he list and finish he sentences,

dentist electrician nurse photographer private detective shop assistant

taxi driver

8 And you? Pm

Make sentences. Choose from Box A and Box B. Use a/an where necessary.

A [evaneto dejos _ Barbara works in B Foidhouse artist
‘Tom never wears Ann wants to learn party question
Lean ride Jim Iivesin bookshop foreign language
My brotheris This evening I'm going to hat bicycle

I war to ask you a question.

137

A

us]

flower(s) bus(es) (singular and plural)

‘The plural ofa noun is usually s:
singular (= one) > plural (= eo oF more)
flower > some flowers
‘aweek > two weeks
a ice place — many nice places
thisshop — these shops

Spelling (=> Appendix 5):

s/ah/ch/ > mes bus buses. dish dishes
church —>churehes box > boxes
potato > potatoes _ tomato tomatoes

y > baby > ba

party — parties

«dictionary — dictionaries

ut-ay /-ey/-oy > -ys day days monkey > monkeys — boy — boys

AI > -ves shelf shelves — knife > knives wife > wives

These things are plural in English:

ZEN ZELL

scissors glasses trouters & shorts

© Do you wear glasses?
© Where are the scissor

Inccd them,

You can slo sy a pai of scissors / a pair of trousers / a pair of pyjamas cc
© Tce a new pair of jeans. or Iced some new jeans. (Hola new jeans’)

Some plurals do not end in -s

‘his man — these men ‘one foot > «wo feet that sheep > those sheep
a woman —> some women a tooth all my teeth à fish — à lor of fish
child > many children amouse > some

ba: a person — two people / some people / a lot of people ei
© She’ a nice person.
Ima @ They are nice people. (nor nice persons)

People is plural (= they), so we sy people are / people have e
A lot of people speak English. (no speaks’)
© Like the people here. They are very friendly

Police is plural:
© The police are here!

‘Why? What do they want?

654

EXERCISES

Write the lara
1 ower flemers 5 umbrella 9 family
2 boat 6 addres 10 or
3 woman 7 ite 11 holiday
3 ay $ sandwich 12 porto
Lookat the pictures and complete the sentences

1 There are alot of ¿Mee? in the fed 4 fillhas got owo
2 George cleaning his 5 There are a ot of in the river
3 There are tree aethebusstop. 6 The are Fling fom the tee

A ee
1 timgoiageo buy som flower, OK :
21m Kun] RE nee mi ef une OR: Lied sopereficnss
en em pe
es redes
à de mo
em
en
en
Ft easy

nn)
"Whee day ge
seul fl fi
ad fin
docto Sep

Which is right? Complete the sentences,

1 esa nice place. Many people .9®... here fora holiday (go orgoes?)
2 Some people always late (is rare?)

3 The president is not popular. The people (don't or doesn’t?)
4 Alot of people television every day (watch or watches?)
5 Three people ~~ injured in the accident, (was or were?)

6 How many people in that house? ive orlives?

7 the police carry guns in your country? (Do or Does!

8 The police looking for the stolen car. (is orate?)

9 Iced my glass but I can't find (Git orthem?)

10 Im going to buy ‘now jeans today. (aorsome?)

ur

65

11391

fay a car / some money
(countable/uncountable 1)

‘A noun can be conta or uncountable.

A Conable nou

Forexample: @) ear (a) man. (3) key (house (@) lower (an) idea (an) accident

You can use one/two/three (cc) + comble news (you ean count them)

‘Countable nouns can be singular (= one) or plural (= two or more)
singular acer mycar the car etc
pal: cars twocars the cars some cars. many cars ci

© Ive got a car.
© There
© New es

many cars in the car park.
ry expensive

‘You cannot use the singular (car/house/key cic) alone, You need a/an (> Unit 64):
® We can't ger in without a key. (nor ‘without key’)

B Uncounuble nouns

Forexample: water air rice salt plastic money music tennis

Biogas
e

sale music
‘You amer say one/two/three (ec) + these things: one water two musics

Uncountuble nouns have only one form:
‘money joney > my money some money much money et.

e got some money.
There isnt much money in the box.
© Money ist everything

You cannot use a/am + uncountable nouns: money music

Bur you can say a piece of... / a glass of... cé + uncountable noun

a glass ofwater acamofoil a bar of chocolate
a piece of cheese a bottle of milk a piece of music
a bowl of rice a cup ofcoffce a game of tennis

[140] san EE counbl/anconbie 2 EI.

EXERCISES

What are these things? Some are countable and some are uncountable, Write a/an if necessary.

‘The names ofthese things are

bucket envelope milk
cee dr money

toothpaste

sand toothbrush wallet

g

‘Some ofthese sentences are ight, but some of them need a/an, Putin afan where necessary.

1 Ihavent gor (watch) a match

2 Do you like cheese? „OK
An never wears hat.

‘Are you looking for job?

Mary doesnt eat meat.

Mary eats apple every day.

Vm going to party tonight.

Music is wonderful hing,

‘What are the things inthe pictures? Write a … of

9 Jamaica island.
10 Tdon* need key.

11. Everybody needs food

12 [ve got good idea.

13 Can you drive car?

14 Do you vane cup of coffee?
15 don't like coffee without milk
16 Dont go out without umbrella

foreach picture. Use the words in the boxe.

Toot bread milk tea
piece chocolate paper water
piece honey soup wood

4 7

5 8

6 9

ua

67

A

(142)

a car / some money
(countable/uncountable 2)

a/an and some

À Would you ke some apple some apples

some + scountable nouns (water/money/musie ec):

® (or Would you like a piece of chee Se a piece of cheese

a and some:
‚da bought a hat, some shoes and some perfume.
a a newspaper, wrote some letters and listened to some music.

Many nowns are sometimes countable and sometimes uncountable, For example:

eo
Tome cakes some cake ora piece of cake
some chickens some chicken ora piece of chicken

npare a paper (= newspaper) and some paper:
© 1 want something co ead, 1510 bay a paper
ur © 1 want co make à list. need some paper / a piece of paper. (no's paper)

Be carefill with these nou
information as

= they are usually uncountable
weather news bread hair furniture work

© I need some information about hotels in London. (uot informations)
© Irs nice weather today (not "a mice weaths
© Listen! [ve just had some good news. (nt ‘a good news)
im going to buy some bread. (nota bread’)

ue has got very long hair. (ot “hats’)
They've got some very nice furniture in their house. (not "famitures)
© ‘Do you like your job?” "Yes, but is hard work? (no ‘a hard work’)
We ay a job (but nora work’)

Fve got a new job. (no ‘a new work)

comsble/mncounable 1 > FEE some and any > ENEE

unır
EXERCISES: 67

67.1 What lid you buy? Use the pictures to make sentences (I bought...

p

1! bought some perfume, a hab and. some shoes.
2 Tbought
3

4
Vite sentences with Would you ikea

1 Would, you lke some cheese? 4 >
2 Would you like 25
3 Would 2 6

673 Putina/anorsome.

1 Tread & book and istened to SOM, music

2 Inced —— money. I want buy food.
3 We met … interesting people a the party.

4 Pim going to ope window to get … fresh ir

5. She didn't eat much for lunch — only …. apple and ....... bread.

6 Welive in... big house. There’. nice garden with beautiful ees
7 l'in going to make a table, Fint mecd wood.

8 Listen to me carefully. Pm going to give you advice,

9 want to writea letter. Enced—— paperand pen.

67.4 which sight?

I’m going to buy some new shoe/shoes. shoes is right
‘Martin has got brown eye/eyes

Paula has got short black hair/hais.

The tourist guide gave us som
going to buy some new chair/chais.
Were going to buy some new furniture/furnitures,
Ie dificue to get a work/job a the moment

We had lovely weather / lovely weather when we were on holiday

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

ua

a/an and the

the
Can you open
‘a window?
There are Ihe windows here There is only one window here — the
a window = window 10r20r3 window.
© Ive gora car. 9 I'm going to clean the car tomorrow.

(there ae many cars and Fe got one)

ny cat)

© Can Task a question? 9 Can you repeat the question, please?
(there are many questions ~ can ask one?) | (E the question that you asked)

© Ischere a hotel near here? (there are © We enjoyed our holiday. The hotel was
‘many hotes — there one mear her?) very nice. (= our hotel)

© Paris isan interesting city. (ler are | ® Parisis che capital of France.
‘many intersting eis and Pari is one) (there is only one capital of France)

© Liss isa student. © Lis is the youngest student in her clas,
here re many students amd Lis is one) (Gere oy ome youngest student in her clas)

Compare a and the:
© 1 bought a jacket and a shirt, The jacket was cheap but the shirt was expensive

(= the jacket and the shire hat I bought)
B we sy the ... when itis clear which thing or person we mean. For example:
y Igor

the door / the ceiling / the floor / the carpet / the light ct. (fa room)
the roof / the garden / the Kitchen / the bathroom et. (fa house)
the centre / the station / the airport / the town halle. (ofa town)

9 ‘Wheres Tom?" ‘In the kitchen’ —
(= the kitchen in this house or fat) euer
© Turn off he light and close the door.
(= the light and the door ofthe room)
© Do you live Fr from the centre?
the centre of your town)
1d like to speak to the manager, please.
shop ec)

.

(44) a DE ne => A

EXERCISES 68

Putin a/an orth.

1 We enjoyed our holiday, Me. hotel was very nice

2 ‘Can Task ©. question?" “Ofcourse. What do you want to ask

3 You look very tired. You need ...... holiday

3 Wheres Tom?” “He's in. bathroom.”

5 Janeis...... interesting person. You must meet her

6 A: Excuse me, can you tell me how to get (©... city centre?
B: Yes, go straight on and then take... next turning lf

7 Az Shall we go out for —. meal ths evening?
B: Yes, chat. good idea.

8 Ith... nice morning. Lets go for... walk

9 Amanda is... student. When she finishes her studies, he wants to be... journals.
She lives with two friends in. lat near college where she is studying. flat
ds small but she likes it

10 Peter and Mary have got two children, … boy and g boy is seven years
old and gil is three, Peter works in factory: Mary has Job atthe

Complete the sentences. Use or the + one of these words:
airport cup door floor picture

Can have
‘of coffee, please?

7

à you open the
please?

‘Why are you sting

Putin afan othe where necessary.
1 Don’ forget (FETE when you go out. tum off the ght
2 Enjoy your holiday and don' forge to send me postcard

3 Whats mame ofthis village?

2 Camada 3 very big country.

5 What is largest city in Canada?

Like bis oom but I don’t lke colour of carpet.

7 “Are you OK2" “No, F've got headache:

8 We vein old house nea sation

9 What is name of director of film we aw bt night?

[145]

11461

the ...

We use the when itis clear which thing or person we mean:
‘What isthe mame of ths street? (this street has only one name)
© Who is the best player in your team?
© Can you ell me the time, please? (= the time now)
© My office is on the first floor. (= the fist floor of the building)
Dont forget the:
Do you live near the city centre? (no near city centre’)
Whereis the nearest bank? (no ‘where is nearest")

the same street. (nor "in same suet’)
two books different?” ‘No, they’te the same? (nor ‘they're same’)

Wesy:
the sun / the moon / the world / the sky / the sea / the country:
© The sky i blue and the sun isshining o AO a
© Do you live in a town or in the country?

the police / the fre brigade / che army (ofa city county etc): fi
© My brother is a soldier, He's in the army. a=
the top / the end / the middle / the left etc ET
Write your name at the top ofthe page
© My house is at the end of ths street rent | | monte
The table isin the middle of the room. ide
© Do you drive on the right or on the Let in your country?
Tao
(pla) the piano 7 the guitar / che erampet ete. (musical instrament):
'8 Paula is learning to play the piano. ais

the radio:
listen to the radio a lot

We do nor use the with:

Drala ac | HE

but ® Can you turn of the television? (= the TV set)

‘breakfast / lunch /

‘© What did you have for breakfast? (not che breakfast’) ME
© Dinner is ready!

‘next / Inst + week/month /year/summer/Monday etc 3
‘© Lim not working next week. (nor the next week’)

© Did you have a holiday last summer? (na ‘the las sumn

fan andthe => [EEE] the > CRIE ie oldest / the most expensive cs. >

umır
EXERCISES 69

Putin he were necessary. Write OK ifthe sentence is already correct.

1 What mo or this steer? He name
2 Whats on television tonight? OK.

3 Ourapartmen on second flor.

3 Would you ike to goto moon?

5 Which is bes hotel inthis town?
6

7

8

What time is lunch?
How far sito city centre?
Were going away at end of May.
9. What are you doing next weekend?
10 1 didn ike her frst time U met her
11 l'm going out after dinner.
12 What's biggest city in world?
13 My sister got married last month.
14 My dictionary is on cop shelFon
15 We live in country about five miles from
‘Complete the sentences. Use: thesame + age colour problem street time.
1 Live in North Street and you live in North Street. We live in the same street.
2 Larrived a 8.30 and you arrived at 8.30, We arrived at
3 Jim is 25 and Sue i 25. Jim and Swe are
4 My shirt is dark blue and so is my jacket. My shirt and jacket are
5 I've got no money and you've got no money. We've got

Look the pictues and complete the sentence, Use the i necessary.

4 Het listening to
5 They're watching
6 They'e swim

(Complete these sentences. Choose from thelist, Use the i necessary.
capital dinner police lunch middle name sky television

1 We had diner, aca resturant ie night
2 We stayed ata very nice hotel but 1 dont remember

5 is very clear tonight. You can see al the sas.
3 Did you see the film on lastnight?

5 Somebody was trying to break into the shop so I called

6 Tokyo is of Japan,

7 ‘What did you have for y A salad

$ Twoke up in ofthe nigh

17

70

[148]

go to work

Shes at work.

go home goto the cinema

They're going to school.

(0) to work, (be) at work, start work, nih work:
8 Goodbye! I'm going to work now. (nor 0 the work’)
© finish work a 5 o'clock every day.

(go) to school, (be) at school, sart school, leave school ec
‘8 What did you learn at school today? (not at the school’)
one children don' like school

(0) to university/college, (be) at university/college:
Jelen wants to go to university when she leaves school
+ What did you study at college?

(20) to hospital, (
Jack was

in hospital
an accident, He had to go to hospital
(0) to prison, (be) in prison:

‘8 Why is he in prison? What did he do?
(go) to church, (be) in/at church

® David usually goes to church on Sundays
(90) to bed, (he) in bed:

im tired, Im going to bed. (noo the bed’)

Where jl" *Shes in bed!
ne, (be) at home et.
© Yi tired. Im going home. (ot to home)
© Are you going out tonight or are you staying at home?

Mesa

(0 0) the cinema / the theatre / the bank / the post
never goto the theatre bu [often go to the ci
“Are you going to the bank? "No, the post office”

(go 10) the doctor, the dentist:
'® You're not well, Why don't you go to the doctor?
I'm going to the dentist tomorrow.

ao the station / the airport / the city centre (> Unit 68)

the var EEES tofinsar= EMI 60 home => ERE

EXERCISES

‘Where are these people? Compete the sentences. Sometimes you need the

6

Complete the sentences. Choose from heit. Use the if necessary.

N k sid
= EL:
3 Shesin 5 Theyre at
4 Shesar 6 Hesin

bank bed ehureh home postoflice school — station

1 Ineed some money. I must go to the bank

2 David usually goes tord on Sundays,
3 In Britain, children go to from the age of five.

4 There were alot of people at waiting forthe tain,
5 phoned you lise night but you weren' at

6 l'm going to now. Goodnight!

7 lim going to to gee some stamps

‘Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need the.

1 Ifyou want to catch a plane, you 90 Eo the airport,
2 Ifyou want to seea film, you go to

3 Ifyou are tired and you want to sleep, you

4 Ifyou rob a bank and the police catch you, you

5 Ifyou have a problem with your teeth, you

6 Ifyou want to study after you leave school, you

7 Ifyou ae injured in an accident, yo

Putin he where necessary. Wie OK the sentence s complete,

1 Wewen ED night. 42 the cinema.
2 fin work ar o'clock everyday. OR
3 Mary wan't fing well yesterday, she wont fo doctor.
4

[wasnt feeling wel his morning, so I stayed in bed.
Why is Angela always late for work?

“Where are the children?” “They e at
We've gor no money in bank.

‘When I was younger, I went to church every Sunday.
‘What time do you usually get home from work?

10 Do you live far from city centre?

11 ‘Where shall we meet?” “Acstat
12 Jim ill. He' in hospital

13 Margaret takes her children to school every day
14 Would you like to go to university?

15 Would you like to goto theatre this evening?

wol!

70

Ua)

[AM like music | hate exams

Do not use the for genera ides:

© like muse, especially classical music,
(othe music... the classical music)
© We dont cat meat very often. (vot the meat)

fe is not possible without water, (no The fe... the water)
hate exams. (nt ‘the exams)

Do you know a shop that sells foreign newspapers?

© Pim not very good at writing letters

Do not use the for games and sports:
© My favourite sports are tennis and skiing. (nor ‘the tennis .. the skiing’)

Do not use the for languages or academic subjects (history/geography/phy
‘© Do you think English is difficult? (nor che English’)
© Tom brother is studying physies and chemistry.

biology tc):

B flowers or the flowers?

Compare

(© Flowers are beautiful "© This sa lovely garden.

‘lowers in general) ‘The flowers are beautiful
(= the flowers in ds
garden)

© Ldontlike cold weather. | ® The weather int very

Id weather in genera) good today.

Eine weather today)
© We don't cat fish very often, | @ We had a very nice meal
lastnight, The fish vas

very good,
(the fish we ae last nigh)
© Are you interested in the
history of your country?

(150) ke => CE

unr

EXERCISES 71
What do you think about these things?

dogs big ities motorracing ‘TV quiz shows exams parties
museums tea basketball computer games loud music hard work

Choose seven ofthese things and wit sentences beginning:

Hike... Tdon’tlike... Hove... Ehate... Tdon’t mind ... (its OK)
1 hate exams.

2

3

4

6

7

8

‘Are you interested in these tings? Write sentences with

Tim (very) interested in. know lot about T don't know much about
Tm not interested in Tknow alle about... [don't know anything about

1 (history) fm very interested in history,
2 (poles) 1

3 Gpor)

4 Go

5 (stronomy)

6 (economie)

Wich is right?

1 My favourite sport is

2 Like his hotel. Rooms,

3 Everybody needs

3 Jane docsn? go to par
Iren shopping di mon

right
are very nice D

is right

hops / The shops were very busy
ein the fr
ever drink it
8 ‘Do you do any sports? “Yes, I play football / the football:
9 These days alot of people use computers / the compu
10 We went fora swim inthe river, Water / The water was very cold.
11 dont like swimming in cold water / the cold wate

you pas sale / the sal, please?
13 like this town, Hike people 7 the people here.
14 Vegetables / The vegetables are good for you,
15 "Where are children / the children?” “They in the garden.
16 can't sing this song, I dont know word / the words,
17 Y enjoy taking photographs / the photographs, Ik my hobby.
18 I must show you photographs / the photographs that | took when 1 was on holiday.
19 English / The English is used lo in international business / the international busines.
20 Money / The money doesn't always bring happiness / the happiness

151)

yy) the ... (names of places)

A haces (continents, countries, states, island, towns etc)

ral we do nor we the + names of places
France isa very lange country: (mt the France)
Cairo isthe capital of Egypt.
IA Corsica isan land in the Mediterranean
+ Peru sin South America

ut we use he in names with republic/Stxtes “kingdom

the Republic of Ireland or the Irish Republic)
THE the United States of America (the USA) — the United Kingdom (the UK)

Ing

Bees (plural names)

We use the + plural names of countrics/ilands/mountains:
THE the Netherlands he Canary Islands — the Philippines the Andes

C Sens rivers ete

‘We use the + names ofoccans/seas/rivers/canak:
‘the Adantic (Ocean) the Mediterranean (ca) the Amazon
THE the (Rives) Nile the Suez Canal the Black Sea

D places in towns (streets, buildings ete)

ral we do nor use the + names of
© Kevin lives in Newton Street,
‘DHE Where is Highfield Road, please?
© Times Square isin New York
We do not use the + name of place (or person) + aitport/station/universty/castle ete:
‘pat Kennedy Airport Victoria Station Cambridge Universicy
Westminster Abbey Edinburgh Castle London Zoo
But usually we use the + names of hotels, restaurants, pubs, cinemas, theatres, museums:
the Hilton (Hotel) the Sta of India (restaurant)
HE) the Science Museum the Odeon (cinema)
the National Theatre the Tate Gallery (ar gallery)

In xs, squares ete

E the... of

We use the + names with... of
the Republicoflrchnd the Bank of England

THE the Great Wall of China the Tower of London
AW sy: the north / the south / the east / the west / he
8 Te been to the north of Italy but not to the south.

»

[132] de ETES

ma

EXERCISES

‘These are geography questions. Choose your answer rom the box. Sometimes you need The,

s i
a
6
e
po
1 Cairo isthe capital of Egypt Alps
2 The Atlantic. is between Africa and America. Amazon
3 isa country in northern Europ Andes
4 isa river America, Asia
5 is the largest continent in the world Atlantic
6 is the largest ocean. Bahamas
7 isa river in Europe. Cai
8 isa country in Fast Africa. Kenya
9 is between Canada and Mexico. Malta
10 are mountains in South America. Pacific
n isthe capital of Japan Red Sea
2 are mountains in central Europe. Rhine
5 is between Saudi Arabia and Africa. Sweden
1 isan island in the Mediterranean. Tokyo
5 area group of islands near Florida. United States

Putin he where necessary. the sentence is already correct, write OK.

Kevin lives in Newton Street
We went sc a play National Their) the National Theatre

1
2

3 Have you ever been to

3 Have you ever been to Ph

3, Have you ever been to south of France?
6

7

8

Can you tell me where Regal Cinema is?
Can you tell me where Merrion Street is?
fof Modern Artis?

Can you tell me where Museu
9 Europe is bigger than Australia
10 Belgium is smaller than Netherlands
11 Which river is longer — Mississippi or Nile?

12 Did you go to National Gallery when you were in London?

13 ‘Where did you stay? "At Park Hotel in Hudson Road?

14 How farsi from Trafalgar Square to Victoria Station (in London)?
15 Rocky Mountains are in North America,

16 Texas is famous for oil and cowboys

17 Panama Canal joins Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean.

18 Thope to go to United States next year

19 Mary comes from a small own in west of Ireland.

20 Alan studied physics at Manchester University.

72

1153]

73

159

this/that/these/those

‘his (ángulos) | these (plural)

Gee)
E

(angular) those (plural)

These Howe
ae for you.

Tele) [|

| that pict people?

this picture hat picture
a) I tis pir he) inne (= thac picture her)
these these flowers those those people

(E these flowers her) (= those people then)

We use this/that/these/those will
This hotel is expe its very nice
Whos chat girl” know wien
Do you like these shoes? | bought them last week i
© Those apples look nice. Can {have one’

nou (this picture / that girl te) or without a noun

© Whos that? (= Who is that person?)
8 Which shoes do you like most? These or those?

something that has happened
Im sorry I forgot to phone you” “That al right
© That was relly nice meal. Thank you very much

that = what somebody has jus said
© Your teacher, arent you?” "Yes, that’ right”
© ‘Martin has gota new job’ “Has he? didn't know that?
© “Tin going on holiday next week "Oh, that

We use this is... and is that ...? on the telephone
® Hello, this is David. (this
© Is that Sarah? (eh

is … to introduce people:

® A: Brian, this is
B: Hello, Chris = pleased to meet you.
©: Hello

this one / hat one => ED

EXERCISES 73

781 Complete the sentences, Use thisha\these/those + these words:
birds house plates postcards seat — shoes

1077

LE

elo, Sue
Ann: Oh, hello, Sue, How are you?
4A: You lay.

& not ee!

1155]

74

one/ones

Would you like 16 ?

i
= Would you like [chocolate ?

one = a/an … (a chocolate / an apple ete)

e Inccda pen. Have you got one? (one =a pen)

© A: Is there a bank near here?
Bs Yes, th

B oneandones

ei one atthe end of tis set. (on

a bank)

‘one (singular)

Which one? =
‘one = hat/ear/giel et

this one / that one

© Which cari yours? This one or
that one? (= his car or that car)

the one

© A: Which hotel did you stay at?
B: The one opposite the station.

the... one

1 don’ ike the black coat but ike the
brown one.

© Dont buy that camera. Buy the other

a/an … one

© This cup is dirty. Can Ihave a clean

© That biscuit was nice. I'm going to have
another one.

ones (plural)

Which ones? = Which flowers?
ones = Mowers /cats gies er
these/those (usually without ‘ones

© Which flowers do you want? These or
those? (nor usually these ones/those ones)

the ones
© A: Which keys are yours?
1B: The ones on the table

the... ones

e I don’ like the red shoes but like the
green ones.

+ Don't buy those apples. Buy the other

(© These cups are dirty. Can we have some
clean ones?
e My shoes are very old. I'm going to buy

[156] which... 7 EERE another => EH

Ahaha.

a1

42

m3

EXERCISES 74

AAasks 8 some questions. Use the information in the box t write B's answers. Use one (not ‘aan... in
ie answers,

B has just had a cup of coffee

Bisgoing to buy abieycle
B has oc an umbrella

1 A: Can you lend mea pen? Bs l'm sorry, _Lhavent gob one.

2 A: Would you liketohaveacar? Be No, dont

3 A: Have you gota bevel B: No, bur

3 A: Canyoulend mean umbeela? Bs Im sorey but

5 A: Would you like cup of coffee? B: No, thank you.

6 Arlsthereachemistnearhere? Bes,

one. Use the words in thelist,

Complete the sentences, Use a/an
better big lan different mew old
1 This cup isdirey. Can Fave. lean one. 2

2 I'm going to sell my car and buy

3 That’ not a very good photograph but this is

4 Lvant today’s newspaper. This is
6

‘This bos is too small. I need
Why do we always goto the same restaurant? Let’ go to.

Use te information inthe box to complete these conversations Use one/ones.

the coats black took the photographs on the beach last week
the gir itll with long hair the shoes ae green
thestation the pictures are on the wall
the house has gota red door thebooksare on the top shelf
the flowers are yellow the man has got a moustache and glasses
1A: We sayed ata hotel 6 A: Are those your books?
1B: Which one > ps 2
A: The one opposite the station. A
2 A: Those shoes are mice, 7 A: Do you know that gil?
B > 8 2
À A
3m 8 A: Those flowers are beautiful
B: 2B: 2
A with A:
4A: Hike that coat. 9 A: Who tha
B B: 2
A A
5 Az Llike those pictures. 10 A: Have you seen my photographs?
B 2 0m 2
A: A

1157]

75

uss]

some and any

Use some in poste sentences
© Um going to buy some clothes.
heres some ice in the fridge.
© We did some exercises

RE 2
ES va

Use any in negative sentence
any clothes.

e juice in the fridge,

© Wedidn’t do any exercises

any and some in questions

In most questions (hut not al) we use any:
+ Is there any ice in che fidge?
© Has he got any friends?
© Do you need any help?

We normally use some (rot any) wih
things (Would you Tike... 2
'® A: Would you like some cofle
B Yes, pl
or when we ask for things (Can I have
© A: Can I have some soup, please?
B: Yes, Help yourself
you lend me some money?

we afr

2e

1 didn't take any photographs but Ann took
You can have some coffee but done want:
ne coffee, Would you lke some?
1 haven't got any: (= any luggage)
“Yes, there are some in the kitchen: (= some biscuis)

© ve just made
© Where’ your luggage?”
© “Are there any biscuits”

sey ite
7 .

Ss

an.

some photographs)
y. (= any coffee)
some coffee)

something / somebody (cr someone)
© She said something.

‘+ Iw somebody (or someone)

© Would you like something to ext?

© Quick! Somebody' coming,

thing / anybody (ey anyone)
She didn’t say anything.

© 1 didn't see anybody (or anyone)

© Are you doing anything this evening?
© Wheres Ann? Has anybody seen her?

romebody/anything cc > EE

151

wur
EXERCISES 75
Putin some ray.

1 bouge Some. cheese bu did't buy "bread

2 ln going tothe post office. need stampa

3 There ent shops n this par of town,

4 Geonge and Alice havent got" children

5 Have you got... brother or sister?

6 There are beau lowers in he garden.

7 Do you know —— good hotels in London?

Would youlike. tea?” Yes please

9 When we were on holiday, we visited. very interesting places

10 Dont buy ....— ice. We dont need

11 1 went out to buy milk but they didn have... ithe shop.

12 Mov thirsty, Can have wer, pease?

‘Complete the sentences, Use some or any + one of these words:
cheese help letters photographs.
friends languages milk shampoo.
LL want to wash my ha. there ang shampoo 2

Ta going to write
3 haven't got my camer, so I can't take

3 Do you speak foreign 5

5 Yesterday evening went toa restaurant with of mine.
n my coffee, please?
There aren't init.

8 Its hot in this office, I'm going out for fresh
9 “Would you like 7 "No, thank you, ve had enough to cat

10 Lean do this job alone. 1 don't need

Complete the sentences, Use some or any.

1 Ann didn't take any photographs bus, Look some _. (/take)

2 “Where your huggage?”" Thaxent got ary. > (i/not/have)

3 ‘Do you need any money? "No, thank you. © Whave)
‘Can you Tend me some money? ‘Pm sorry but P Wnor/have)
‘The tomatoes in the shop did look very good, so. (/novbay)

6 There were some nice oranges in the shop, 50 > (buy)

Put in something/somebody/anything‘anybody.

1 She said Something _ to me but I didn't understand it

2 Whit’ “There's n my eye

3 Do you know about politics?

4 Lent to the shop but I didn't buy

5 has broken the window. don't know who.
6 nthe bag. I empty:

7 Vm looking for my keys. Has seen them?
8 Would you like tod;

9 Tide’ eat because I wasn't hungry:

10 This isa secret. Pease dont tell

1159]

1160]

not+any no none

The car park is empty.

There aren't any cars

There are no cars A car at

How many cars are therein the car park?
None.

not (n't) + any
There aren't any cars in the car park

Sally and Steve haven't got any children.

+ You can have some coffee but 1 don’e want any.

no + now (no cars / no garden ec)
hho ... = not + any ornot + a:

"© There are no ears in the car park. (= there aren't any cars)

© We've gor no coffee. {= we haven't got any coffee)

© lt a nice house but there’ no garden. (= there isn’t a garden)
We use no ... especially after have (got) and there is/are,

negative verb + any = positive verb + no:
© They haven't got any children. or They've got no children
(not “They haven’ got no children’)
e There isn't any sugar in your coffee, or There's no sugar in your coffee.

no and none
Use no + now! (no money / no children etc)

© We've got no money.

® Everything was OK. There were no problems.

Use none alone (who a noun)
'® “How much money have you gor”. “None! (= no money)
© "Were there any problems

none and no-one
none = 0 (20)
None is an answer for How much?/ How many? (ings or people
"e How much money have you got?” ‘None!
© ‘How many people did you meet?” ‘None?

no-one = nobody (= Unit 77)
No-one isan answer for Who?:
"Who did you meet?” No-one’ (or Nobody.)

me EIER someandany => EME anybody/nobody/nothing eu =>

TA

13

one
EXERCISES 76

Weite these sentences again with no.

1. We haven't got any money We've. got no money
2 There arent any shops nearhere. There ae

3 Carol hasnt got any fee time

44 Therein light in this room.

Wit these sentences again with any.

We haven't got any money.

5 We've got no.
6 There’ no tain the pot
7 There are no buses today.

8 Tom has got no brothers or sisters

Put inno or any

1 There PO. sugar in your coffee.

2 My brother is married but he hasn't got children
3 Sue does speak ...... foreign languages.

3 Um affad here... coffee. Would you like some tea?

5 ‘Look at those bird!” “Birds? Where? I can see ints

6 “Do you know where Jane is? "No, ve got idea?

Put inno, any or none.

7 There aren't pictures on the wal,

8 The weather was cold but there was wind.

9 L wanted to buy some oranges but they didn't have inthe shop.
10 Everything was correct. There were mistakes,

11 ‘How much luggage have you got?
12 ‘How much luggage have you gor?” “T haven't got
‘Complete the sentences, Use any or no + one ofthese words:

answer difference film friends furniture heating money
photographs problems questions

1 Everything was OK. There were „no problems
2 They want to go on holiday but they've got

3 I'm not going to answer

4 He’ always alone, He got

5 Thereis between these two machines. They're exactly the same.
6 There wasn't in the room. It was completely empty.

7 tried to phone you yesterday but there was

8 The house is cold because there isn't

9 Lean't ake There’ inthe camera

‘Write short answers (one or two words) to these questions. Use none where necessary.
How many eters did you write yesterday? Two... OR. A lob. OR None.
How many sisters have you gor?

How much coffee did you drink yesterday?

How many photographs have you taken today?

How many legs has a snake got?

161

77 not + anybody/anyone/anything
nobody/no-one/nothing

Lee aaa
Rte
Heron
e
El
®
= A!
a
Nie? i
area
re [anybody | in che room. © There isn’t anything in the bag,
(se) tng inthe bag
e Tune [SZ Jnterom A
sk Wi Binden en Whats inthe?
À Nate / Nocone Nothing

anybody = anyone nobody = no-one
‘body and -one are the same)

B [oran raies
o (aro he

nobody = not + anybody

da eye
Salon leg mobody walk to. | 9 She sd nothing.
Ce yor ans body) Ce She did't anything)
Tie hotels enger Then mo Feres nothing voce
= Thee un anyone init) € There tt ying 10 e)
G san ee nobody/ao-cae/aotiing athe bepiming ofa some oraane bo aer
pa
The houseisempoy Nobody Ivsihere | # Nothing happened.

(nor "Anybody lives there?) (nor "Any
e "Who did you speak to?" ‘No-one? | e “Wat did you sy” “Nothing:

D Remenber nue + anyboy/anyone/anything
patie mb + nobody /oe-one/nothing
+ He docs know anything (He docs know nothing)
Donte anybody. for Donel nobody)
Theres nothing co doin ths town. fot Ther noti)

someandany => EEE] any andno => ETE somebody/anything/nowhere ic. > ESSE

TA

12

73

na

unır

EXERCISES 71

Write these sentences again with nobady/no-one or nothing

1 There isnt anything in the bag. ‚There's nothing in the bag
2 "eanybody inthe ofice. Theres

3 1 haven't got anything to do. 1
4

o

“There isn't anything on TV. =
“There wasn't anyone at home,
We didn't find anything.

Write these sentences again with anybody/anyone or anything,

1 Theres nothing in the bag. There ist anything inthe bag.
2 There was nobody on the bus. There wasnt

3 ve gor nothing ead

4

We got no-one to help me
She heard nothing.

6 We've got nothing for dinne
‘Anse these questions with nabody/n-one or nathing,

la What did you sy? _ Nothing Sa Who knows the answer?
21 Who saw you? Nobody a What did you buy?

3a Whar do you want? Ta What happened?

a Who did you meet? Sa Who was late?
Now answer the same questions with fll sentences.

Use nobodyno-one/nthing or anybody anyone anything
1h 1 diduit say anything. sv the answer
2h Nobody saw me. >
Bb 1 done To
wı ES

Complete he sentences. Use obody/no-one/nothing/anybody/anyone/anything,
“That house is empty: Nobody... tives there.

1
2 Jack has a bad memory. He can't remember „anything

3 Be quiet! Don't say

3 1 didnt know about che meeting. told me.

5 ‘What did you have toca?” Twas hungry?

6 1 didnteat {wasnt hungry

7 Jenny was sitting alone. She wasn't with

8 Tim afraid I can't help you, There’ 1 can do.

9 don't know about car engines.

10 The museum is re. I doesn't cost to goin,

11 1 heard a knock on the door but when | opened it there was there.

he spoke very fst. I didn’t understand

13 “What are you doing this evening?” why?

14 Helen has gone away. knows where she is. She didn't ell
Where she was going.

[163]

yi: somebody/anything/nowhere etc.

A 7-2 2
LA
oo,
>?
notoire) Te rang hi: Tnlienscienher nr
aoe” oe hehe

somebody/someone = « something = a hing but ue somewhere = ¿1/40 a place bur
person but we dont now ho don't now shat, sue don’ know where

B people (body ar-ont)

somebody orsomeone | e There is somebody (or someone) in the garden.
, ls there anybody (or anyone) in the garden?

lanybory erangone © There isn’t anybody (oranyone) in the garder

nobody orno-one © There is nobody (orno-one) in the garden,

“body and -one are the same: somebody = someone, nobody

things (thing)

something She sid something but I didn’t understand her
Are you doing anything atthe weekend?
Iwas angry but | didn't say anything,

"What did you say?” “Nothing.

anythi

nothing

places (where)

somewhere | © They live somewhere in the south of England.

ea © Did you go anywhere interesting for your holidays?
y ng here, Yi not going anywhere.

nowhere e 1 don'tlike this town. There is nowhere to go,

€ something/anybody e. + aji big/cheap Interesting ec)
ei ETE
à Ve dan ot esa pace Les go somewhere different
Ss ener "long important

D something/anybody etc. + to
© I'm hungry. [vant something to eat. (= something that can eat)
e He hasn't got anybody to talk o. (= anybody that he can talk to)
e There is nowhere to go in this town, (= nowhere where people can go)

some and any > anyandno => EEE anybody/oothing sc. EEE

1168] everythng/-body/-where > CHE

EXERCISES

Putin somebody (or someone) / something / somewh

1 She sid, something ‘What did she sy?
2 Tre lox What have you los?
3 They went Where dd they go?
4 | emgoingto phone Who ae you going o phone?

Putin nobody (or no-one) / nothing nowhere.

What did you sy?
Where are you going?

‘What do you want?
Who are you looking for?

Now answer the same questions wth fl sentnces, Use ot anybody/anytinganywhere
10 did say ani, ES

2 Fm noe »

Putin somebody/anything/nowhere etc.

es dark. cante see Anything,
Tom lives Somembere...ncar London.
3 Do you know about computer?

1
2

3

4 “Listen!” "What? can't hear

5 ‘What are you doing here?“ Tim waiting for

6 Please listen catefly. There's 1 want c tell you.
7 ‘Did see the accident?” “No,

8 We werent hungry, so we didn't cat

9 "Whats going to happen?” ‘I don't know.

10 “Do you know in London?” "Yes, a few
11 “Whats in that cupboard? © Tes empey?
12 Fm looking for my ghsses [can't find them

13 [don like cold weather. I want to live warm.
14 Isthere interesting on television tonight?
15 Have you ever met famous?

‘Complete the sentences, Choose from Box A and Box 8

AT vomething anything nothing] P[do drink eat go.
somewhere anywhere nowhere phy read se say
You ca se these words move than one

We dont go out very much because there’ nowhere. to go,
‘There isnt any food in the house. We haven't got

Mm bored. I've got

“Why are you standing?” “Because there isn’t

dren need

“Would you like © "Yes, please — a glass of orange juice’?
6 Allthe hotels were fill. There was.
vane Pm going to buy a magazine,

unr

78

1165]

ur

79

1166]

every and all

Every house in the street isthe same.

every house in the street = all the houses.

fou eo E

We use every + sngularnau (every house / every country etc)
'® Alice has been to every country in Europe.

Use a singular verb after every

Compare every and all

‘we have a holiday by the sea
ut every time I sec her.

Every house in the street is the same. (no? “are the same’)
(© Every country has a national flag. (no! have’

© Every student
© Every country has a national fa,

‘he css passed the

© Au che students in dhe class pased the
© All countries have a national flag

every day and all day

on all days:
ow offen?

every day

coo o Es
Gata Gl Gel eal
Event DAY
A: How ofende you redo neimpapór?
D: Every day
+ Bill watches TV for about ew hours
very oral (o on all ani)

also every morning/night/summer ie

a

ow ong?

© The weather was bad yesterday. Ie rained
all day,

© Las tied after work yesterday, so 1
watched TV all evening. (= the complete
evening)

ab all morning/night/summer ete

everybody (or everyone) / everyt

© Everybody (or Everyone) nced friends. (=

© Have you got ever

ing / everywhere

I people

all the things

ng you ne

my watch. Pue looked everywhere for it.

everybody or everyone
(people) need friend)
everything

(things) you need)
everywhere e Tee los
lacs)

(= Ive looked in all places)

Use a singular vr ater everybody everyone /everything

‘© Everybody has problems. (no! Es

body have)

m4

74

795

unır

EXERCISES 79

‘Complete the sentences. Use every + one ofthese words:
day room student time word
1 Every student à

1 clas passed he exam.

2 My job is very boring. is the same,
3 Kate isa very good tennis player. When we play she wins
4 in the hotel has private bathroom,

5 ‘Did you understand what she sid?” "Most oft but not

‘Complete the sentences with everyday oral day.

1 Yesterday train day
Tonya newspoper but sometimes don edit
Tm nat going ox tomorrow PI à home
{oval drink about four cups of cofee
las tnd o she ad in bed
5 Las yar we ment the snide fora ves and ed
4 Pm ted now becas Ive been vio kad

Putin every oral
1 Bill watches TV for about eo hours EIERN... evening
2 Barbara gets up at 6.30. ‘morning.
3 The weather was nice yesterday, so we satin the garden afternoon
4 Vin going away on Monday. TI be away ‘week
5 ‘How often do you go skiing?” year: Usually in March!
6 A: Were you at home at 10 o'clock yesterday?
B: Yes, I wasat home morning, lent out after lunch,

7 My sister likes cars. She buys a new on year
8 saw Jack atthe party. He wasnt very friendly, He didnt speak to me evening.
9. We go away on holiday for two or three weeks summ
Put in everybody/everything/everywher.

Everybody. needs friends.

chris knows about con

1
3 Like the people here. is very friendly,
4 This isa nice hotel [Es comfortable and is very clean,
5 Kevin never uses his car. He goes

6
7
8

Let's have dinner,
ue house is fll of books. There are books =
You are right. you sy is true
Putina verb (one word)
1 Everybody WAS problems.
2 Are you ready yet? Everybody waiting for you,
3 The house is empty. Everyone gone out
44 George is very popular. Everybody him,
5 This town is completely diferent. Everything changed
6 Larrived home very ate. came in quietly because everyone asleep.
7

Everybody mistakes!

[167]

all most some

Compare

any no/none

children/money/books et (in genen)

enjoy reading books.
© Everybody needs friends.

‘the children / the money / these books et

© Where are the children? (= our children)

+ I vant to buy a car but I haven't got the
money. (= the money fora car)

e Have you read these books?

© often go out with my friends.

most/most of... ,some/some of .. el

most/some ec. + noun:

most of/some of cc + the/this/my .. ee

in gener
© 1 don want any money.

‘+ All cities have the same problems
(= cities in general)

Do not use of in these sentences

© Most people drive too ft. (nor "Most of
people’)

© Some

irds can't ly. (not Some of bird’)

= =

© Most of the children at this school are
under 11 years old

e 1dont want any of this money,
Some of these books are very old

© None of my friends live near me.

We say all the ... / all my
without of)

© All the students in our class passed the
‘© Silvia has lived in London all her life.

(usually

all of it / most of them / none of us e

al | = Yos can ae some ofthis cake but not al of
CE teem
ment | | Shem | 5 More af thom, bona of them
mae Jot AA
| Los rs soy of em
| en Neue olle

1... (children / the children ce) > EIEN

alland every > [ETE

some sndany > EEE no/none/any => ESE

1168)

ur
EXERCISES 80
‘Complete the sentences. Use the word in brackets (some/most et). Sometimes you need of (some at/

mast of ec)

1 Most... children like playing. (most)
2 Some oF." his money sou. (ome)

3 people never stp tk )
4 the shops in the city centre close a 6.30. (mos)
5 You can change your money in banks. (mo)
6 dont tke the pictures in the living room. (any)
7 Hes lost his money. (ll)
my ends are married, (none)
9 Do you know the people in thi photograph? (any)
10 bids can Ay. (mos)
11 Keno dhe fl but dt ike the ending, (mos)

sports are very dangerous. (some)
13 cent ind anywhere oS the hotels are fall (al)

14 You must have this cheese. I delicious. (some)

15 The weather was bad when we were on holiday Itrained the time. (most)

Look tthe pictures and answer the questions. Use all/most/someynone + ol them /of it.

AO AU
N N
LU) ESP

1 How many of
2 How many of
3 How many of the
4 How many of

5, How many of the pe
6 How much of the money is Ben

people are women?
boxes are on thet

Fight or wong? Goethe sertnces tat are ran, Wt OK e sentence cor
(Morada paying. Mest duldren
2 he sudens ted the oem. „OK
Poop woke tal
ean een
ren
eves es
al hese books?

9 Most of my fiends ae g
10 Im very tired this morning = was awake most of night.

[169]

both either neither

A We we both/either/neither to talk about uno things or people:

BE Xx

both either either (not +

© Rosemary has two children. Both are married, (Both = the two children)
{© Would you like tea or coffee? You can have either. (= ea or eoflee)
© A: Do you want to go co the cinema or the theatre?

B: Neither. I want to stay at home. (Neithes

not the cinema or the th

cate)
Compare either and neither:

Either. I don't mind! (= ca or coffee)
‘+ “Would you like tea or coffee?” | “L don't want either: (nol don't want neither’)
“Neither? (= nor ea orcoflec)

B both/either/neither + now

+ pluie Both windows/books/childeen
+ ing AT} window/book/chld ce

© Las year went to Paris and Rome. [liked both cities very much.
+ Fire worked in an office, and later ina shop. Neither job was very interesting
There ae two ways from here 0 the station. You can go either way.

C both of... either of... /neither of. a =
Tike both of in
both |_| the oa
either | of | these / those Y
neither | | my/ your / Ann's... ec
‘© Neither of my parents is E €

© haven't read either of these books.

You can say both (of) the ... / both (of) those ... /
both (of) my ... ec. (wih or without of)

© Like both of those pictures. or like both those
© Both of Ann sisters are married, or. Both Ann's

D both of them / neither of us er.

both |_| them ‘Ann has got two sisters. Both of them are married,
of | us © Tom and I didn't eat anything. Neither of us was hungry.
So © Who are those two people? I don't know either of them.

1170) eme

ther neither can 1 => ENTES

EN

812

unır
EXERCISES 81

Putin botither/either. Use of where necessary.

1 Last year L went to Paris and Rome, Liked Babies very much.
2 There were evo pictures on the wall, didn't ike her Cf chem.
3 ltvas a good foothll match teams played well

3

lt was a good football match team played well.

“Is your frend English or American?” * ‘She's Australian!
6 We went away for two days but the weather wasn't good, It ained on days
7 Art bought wo newspapers. Which one do you want?

» lt doesn matter which one.

but them can

8 Linvited Diana and Mike tothe part

9 Do you go to work by car or by bus? Talways walk?
10 “Which jacket do you prefer, this one or that one?” don ike them?
11 ‘Do you work orare you astudent?” I've gota job and I study 1002
12 Paula and 1 did’ know the time because us hada watch,

got ewo sisters and a brother. sisters are marred.

‘Ani has got two sisters and a brother, [ve met her brother bat haven't met
her sisters.

‘Complete the sentences for the pictures. Use Both... and Neth

12

1 Both cups are empty. 4 cameras
2 areopen. 5 to the airport
3 wearingahat, 6 right

‘Aman and a woman answered some questions. Their answers were the same, Write sentences with
BottyNeither them ...

1 Are you married? No 1 Neither of them is married.

2 How old ae you? a 2 Both of them are 21.

3 Are you a student? Yes 3 seudents
4 Have you gota car? No 4 ac
5 Where do you live London 5

6 Do you like cooking? Yes 6

7 Can you play the piano? No 7

8 Do you read newspapers? Yes 8

9 Are you intersted inspor? No No | 9

m)

pra

alot much

many

a lotofmoney not much money

alot ofbooks not many books

We use much + wnconntable now:
much food / much money ec

Did you buy much food?
© We haven't got much luggage.
e How much money do you want?
© A: Have you got any money?

BB Te got some but not much.

We use many + plural non:
many books / many people ec

Did you buy many books?
We don't know many people
‘© How many photographs did you take?
© A: Did you take any photographs?

B: Took some but not many.

We use a lot of Fall ype of noun
e We bought a lot of food.
+ Paula hasn't gora lot of fre time.

Note that we say:
8 There is lot of food/money/water
(singular ver)

‘+ We bought a lot of books.
{© Did they ask you a lot of questions?

There are à lot of trees/shops/people ..
(plural ve)
© Alot of people speak English. (or speaks’)

We use much in questions and negative

Do you drink much coffee?”

ntences, but nor usually in positive sentences
much coffee / a lot of coffee?
ich coffee / a lot of coffee.
coffee. (no drink much coffee")
“Yes, alot! (not much’)

We use many and a lot of in al types of sentences
+ Have you got many friends / lot of friends?
© We haven't got many friends / lot of friends,

e We

much and a lot sitio noun

got many friends / a lot of friends,

+ Diane spoke to me but she didn't say much,

© "Do you watch TV much?”
© We like fin
don’ like

im very much.

comble uncountable >

No, not much!
so we goto the cinema a lot. (ne much

not ofien)

821

92

825

EXERCISES

Putin much or many.

1 Did you buy mach. food? 5 Did students fil the examination?
2 There aren’ hotels in this town, 6. Paula hasnt got ‘money.

3 We haven't gor petro 7 Las very hungry. didn’t ext

4 Were there people onthe tain? 8 Ihavent seen George for yea

Putin How much or How many.

9 ey?
10 milk do you want in your coffee?
u bread did you buy

2 players are there in a Football team?

‘Complete the sentences, Use much or many with one of these words:
books countries. luggage people time times

1 dont read very much. I haven't got mary books.

Quick! We must hurry. We haven't got

Do you travel a lor? Have you been to

“Tina hasnt lived here very long, so she doesn't know

“Have you got % "No, only this bag!
6 Lknow

pari very well, ve been there
Complete the sentences with foto + one of thas:

accidents books fun interesting things traffic
1 Hike reading, have 4 Lab o books.

2 ie enjoyed our vi 10 the museum. We sw

3 This roadie very dangerous. There are

3 We enjoyed our holiday. We had
5 Ittook mea long time to drive here. There was

In some ofthese sentences much snot natural. Change the sentences or write OK
1 Do you drink much coffee? ok

2 1arınk (much tea) 4 lok of tea
3 Iewasa cold winter. We had much snow.

3 There wasn't much snow last win

5 Itcosıs much money to travel around the world
6 Wie had a cheap holiday. Ie didn’t cost much.

7 Do you know much about computers?

8 ‘Have you got any luggage?” “Ves, much!

‘Write sentences about these people. Use much and alt

1 Jim loves films. (go to the cinema) He goes to the cinema. a. ot.

2 Linda thinks TV's boring, (watch TV) ‘She doesn't watch TV much
3 Tim She
He

5 Paul spends most ofthe time at home. (go out)
6 Sue has been all over the world. (travel)

82

1173)

83

ua]

(a) little (a) few

alittle water =
(a) tte + ancountable non

(a) hielo water
(a) lite time

(a) little money
(2) little soup

PET

a few books

(few + plural noun
(a) few books
(a) few people

(a) few questions
(a) few cays

‘alittle = some but not much

© She didn't
a litte water.

© 1 speak alittle Spanish, (=
but not much)

© À: Can you speak Spanish?
B: A lite,

anything but she drank

ome Spanish

À few = some but not many
Last night wrote a few letters

© Were going away fora few days
© 1 peak a few words of Spanish

9 A: Are there any shops inthe village?
Be Yes, a few,

little (without a) = neatly no
‘nothing:

corneal

© There was little food in the
nearly empty.

‘You can ay very litle:

® Dan is very thin because he eats very
little. (= nearly nothing)

ridge. Le was

low (without a) = nearly no

© There were few people in the park. It
was nearly empty

You can say very few:
© Your English very correct. You make
very few mistakes.

Tittle and alle

a Tittle i a positive ide
‘© They havea lttle money, so they're not
poor, (= they have some money)

tte sa neutre idea:
hey have little money. 1
poor, (= neatly no money)

few and a few:

a few isa positive ide
ve got a few friends, so I'm not lonely.
(= Pe got some friends)

fer a mai ides

Tans and Plone Ive got ow
fiends. aly no en)
e ages) le a eo
fiends
28
A

countabl/ancoumble > ESSE

81

84

ur
EXERCISES 83

Answer the questions with a litle or afew.

1 Have „alle
2 Have "Yes

3 “Do you want sugar in your coffee?” "Yes, „please

3 Did you take any photographs when you were on holiday?” "Yes, a
5 ‘Does your friend speak English?” "Yes, fi

6 “Ae there any factories in his town?" "Yes,
Putina litle ora few + one ofthese words

fir chales days friends letters milk Russian times
1 Last night I wrote & fes Leiters. co my family and friends.

2 Can have in my coe, peas?
3 When ais go nu? ago!

& Do youspeakany foreign ngungs® ‘anse
en

6 “Hive you ever ben to Rome?” “Yes

7 Thre wasn't much furniture in the room = ju table and

8 Yi going ou fora walk. Inc fresh

Compte the sentences, Use ver Ite or ery few + one ofthese words

coffee hotels — mistakes people rain time work

1 Your English is very good, You make very fe mistakes

2 drink Toni ike i

3 The weather be a Theres

4 16, ii to finda place to stayin this town, There a

3 We must hurry. We've got

6 The town i very quiet night ip out
7 Somme people in the office ae very lary. They do

Patin title ate Yew afew

1 There was WHE. (od in the de. I was nearly emp:

2 “When di Sarah go out? minutes ago”

3 ean decide now. [need cine o thin shout it

4 There was trafic so we arrive eater han we expected

5 The bus service i very good a nighe there ae buses fer 9 o'clock,
6 “Would you ke some soup?” Yes “plese?

7 Tlie to practise my English more bu have opportuni

Right or wrong? Correct the sentences where necessary. Write OK the sentence is correct,

1. Were gong aay Te net wes for a fen days
2 Everybody needs itl lick.

3 [ean al o you now = ve got ew thing to do

4 eat very lite meat = dont ike it very much

5 Excuse me, can 1ask you few questions?

6 There were ile people om the bus ~ it was

carly empty,

1175)

7 old/nice/interesting etc. (adjectives)

A adjecive + noun (m

e day / blue eyes cic)

“adjective + noun
Isa nice day today
Laura has got brown eyes,
Theresa very old bridge inthis village.
Do you like Italian food?
Idon'espeak any foreign languages.
‘There are some beautiful yellow — flowers in the garden.
+

‘The adjective is before the noun:
‘© They live in a modern house. (not house
e Ha

joder)
you met any famous people? (mt ‘people famous’)

ofan adjective is always the same
rent place different places (vot ‘differents’)

B be (ami

was cic) + adjective

The weather
© These flowers are.
© Are you cold? Shall close the window?
e Pim hungry. Can I have something to ex
+ The film wasn’t very good. It was bos
© Please be quiet, Um reading

© took/feel/smelt/taste/sound + adjective

‘You look tired.’ “Yes, feel tired?
orge told me about his new job, I sounds very interesting.
© Dont cook that meat. It doesn't smell good,

Compare:
He | feels | tired. They [look | American. | | te| smelts | good.
looks sound tastes

1176] get Halte (get hungey/tired cic) = [ENE something/anybody + adjecive > EX

1

unr

EXERCISES: 84

Putthe words inthe right order.
1 (new /tivein / hows / they /2) They live in a nen hause.

2 dike / jacket /1/ that / green) 1

3 (music ke / do /clasical / you?) Do >
à had / wonder / 2/17 holiday)

5 (went / restaurant / a / Chinese / we)

‘The words in the bo are adjectives (lack/oreign et.) or nouns (airjob etc.) Use an adjective and a
noun to complet each sentence.

sir clouds foreign holiday job mange sharp

back dangerous fresh hot koite long water

1 Do you speak any foreign languages...»

2 Look at those es going to ain
3 Sue works very hard and she’ very tired. She needs à

4 want to havea bath but there's no

5 Can you open the window? We need some

6 Inceda to cut these onions

7 Fire-fighting isa

Wit sentences fr the pictues. Choose from Box A and Box.

A Tica Took) a re

look() smell) taste) horrible new surpried

ET. JG 2 )
E=> EE E =
ca OF Ore

‘Aand 8 don't agree, Complete B's sentences, Use the wordin brackets (..).

A B
A

1 “You look tired. Do P 1 don't feel tired. (feel)

2| — Thisisanewecoa | | isi? Ie ook)
3 Ten American. | | Are you? You (sound)
4 You look cold. | | Dol? I feel)

5 | These bagsare heavy. | | Are they? They ook)
6 | Thacsoup looks good. | | Doesit? Ie (aso)

1

us)

quickly/badly/suddenly etc. (adverbs)

70

7.5

> 1 RET

ita, KEN

Quickly and suddenly as

He are his dinner very quickly.

adverbs

Suddenly the shelf fll down,

“adjective + y > adver

Spelling (=> Appendix 5)

aljetive quick bad
ver quickly badly

sudden careful heavy
suddenly carefully heavily ec

heavy — he

somebodh

Compare

Adverbs tll you how something happens or how

© ‘The tain stopped suddenly.
opened the door slowly
Please listen carefully.

© [understand you perfectly.

es raining heavily.

alive (> Unit 84)

© Sue is very quiet,
Be careful!

e was a bad game,

© [feel nervous, (= Lam nervous)

speaks very quietly. (not ‘speaks very quier)
‘+ Listen carefully! (nor listen care

Sur team played badly. (not played bad!)
Iwaited nervously.

hard fast late carly

words are adjectives and adverbs:

@ Sucsjobis very hard.
© Ben isa fast runner.
The bus was late/early.

‘works very hard. (not hardly’)

© 1 went to bed late/early.

good (active) > well (advert)

© Your
© levas a good game.

¡lisis very good.

© You speak English very well. (nor Very good!)
® Our team played well

But wel sao an ade
€ How are you?”

actives >

not

n good health)

'm very well, thank you. And you?”

. 85.1

EXERCISES

Look the pictues and complete the sentences with one ofthese adverbs:
angrily badly dangerously fast heavily quietly

3
E | e
G
1 tes raining „hear. 4 She shouted at me
2 Hesinga very 5 Sh can nun very
3 They came in 6 He was driving
Choose a vero (Box) + an adver (Box) to complet the sentences,
AT come know o carefully clearly hard vel
explain — Hen work areflly easy quickly well

1. in going co el you something very important so plese Listen carefully

2 Ann! need your help,
3 They Ara ende dey br ap ied
4 Tim tired this morning, I didn't lastnight

5 You're a much better tennis player than me. When we play, you always.

6 before you answer the question

7 Te met Alice à few times but I don't her very

8 ur teacher in very good. S

times he doesn things very
Which sight?

1 Don't cat so quiek/quickly. I not good for you. quickly ight
2 Why are you angry/angrily? I haven't done anything,
3 Can you par doy plese?
‚me on, Dave! Why are you always soslow/slowly?
5 bil na very cuca deve
6 Jane is studying hard/hardly for her examinations
7 “Where Diane?” “She was here but she left sudden/suddenly.
8 Please be quiet/ quietly. Im seudying,
9 Some companies pay their workers very bad/badly,
10 Those oranges look nice/nicely. Can I have one?

Putin good orwell.
1. Your English s very 884. You speak English very well
2 Jackie did very in her exams.

3 The party was very Tenjyed it very much.

4 Marcin has a diet job but he docs it

5 How are your parent? Are they?

6 Didyouhavea...-- holiday? Was the weather?

unt

1179}

old/older expensive/more expensive

old older heavier expensive. more expensive

Older / heavier /
The comparative is

sore expensive ate comparative forms
+ (older) or more ... (more expensive)

Ber (older/hcavier tc)

Shore words (I syllable) > er:
old older slow-=slower cheap > cheaper
mice nicer late > later ig > bigger

‘Spelling Appendix 5): big > bigger hot > hotter chin > thinner
Words
aye

y > cier:
ler heavy pheavier carly > euier

© Rome is old but Athens is older. (or more old’)

+ Is it cheaper to go by car or by tain? (not "more cheap’)
Jelen wants a bigger car

‘This coat is OK but I think the other one is nicer

letter. I’ easier to phone, (or ‘more easy’)

her:
© "How ar isto the station? A mile?

“No, its further. About two miles!

C more.

Tong words (2/3/4 syllables) > more ...
careful > more careful polite > more polite
expensive > more expensive interesting => more interesting,

© You must be more careful
end my job. wan co do something more interesting,
© sit more expensive to go by car or by tain?

D good/well better — bad — worse

© The weather wasn't very good yesterday bu its better today
‘Do you feel better today? “No, fecl worse
+ Which is worse —a headache or a toothache?

[180] older than … /more expensive than... > ESE the oldest / he most expensive => ETE]

umır

EXERCISES 86

Lookat the pictures and write the comparative (older / more interesting et.)

dangerous

Wte tne comparative.

1 old older, 6 good
2 strong 7 large

3 tary 8 serious

4 modern pretty é
5 important 10 crowded z

‘Write the opposite

3 cheaper 6 casier
Complete the sentences. Use a comparative

car isn't very big, She wants a Bigger one. -
2 My ob nt very interesting 1 want to do something mare interesting
3 Youve not very tll, Your brothers

À David docan work very hard work

5 My chair in very comforabe, Yours is

$

7

8

‘Your plan isn't very good. My plan is
‘These flowers aren't very nice, The blue ones are
My bag isn’t very heavy: Your bag is
9 Tim not very interested in art. = in history
10 Teis very warm today le was yesterday:
11. These tomatoes dont taste very good. The other ones tasted =
12 Britain isnt very big. France is
13 London isn’ very beauifal. Paris is
14 This knife isn't very sharp. Have you got a
15 People today aren't very polite In che past they were

EN

unır

CI older than... more expensive than ...

‘She’ taller than hiv The Europa Hotel is more expensive than the Grand

We use than afier comparativos (older than... / more expensive than ... tc):
+ Athens is older than Rome.
© Are oranges more expensive than bananas?
cs easier to phone than to write à letter.
+ “How are you today?” “Not bad. Better than yesterday
© The restaurants more crowded than usual

B ess: thane / chan im /shan her /than us / han them. Yu cn sy
enr ao him. cancun er an he an
es Dan algscibaa ses or Volar bete Bop da Tan
armure Ir ige outer dan ae

D mon tee .

"e A: How much did your shoes cos? £30? none ma
B: No, more than that. (= more than 30)
+ The film was very short — Jess than an hour.
e They've got more money than they need o.
‘+ You go out more than me
Less manso

Da bit older / much older ete

G Ce

Box Aisa bit bigger than Box B. BoxCismueh bigger han Box D
>= + Canada is much bigger han France
abit leer than 24%.
muh | cuir + The hou as much more expensive han
Ps 10 You go out mach were than me:

not as (old) as EE

[182] old soldersexpensive > more expensive > EZ

EA]

LA

#3

EXERCISES
Weite sentences about Liz and Ben. Use than

20
VL metre 68 tall,
1 star work at 8 o'clock,

1 don't work very hard

haven’ got much money.

Ema very good driver.

Tim not very patient.

Pm nota very good dancer,

10 Im very intelligent.

11 I speak Freich very well

12 1 don’t go to the cinema very much

ima very good swimmer,
Vin I metre 63 tal

Y stare work at 8.30.

1 work very hard.

[ve gora lot of money.

Pin not a very good driver,
L'an very patient.

Ema good dancer

Ena not very intelligent

I go tothe cinema alot.

1 dont speak French very well.

1 liz is older than Ben, 7 Lieisa
2 Ben is a better swimmer than Le $ Ben
3 Linis 9 Ben
4 Lizstars Ben. 10 Liz
5 Ben 11 Lie
6 Ben has got 12 Ben

Complete the sentences. Use than.
1 He sn very tal. You re taller than him. (OR . Bran he is.)
2 She isn'every old. You're
3 don't work very hard. You work
4 He doesnt watch TV very much, You
5 l'm nor a very good cook. You
6 We don't know many people. You
7 They haven't got much money. You
8 Icantrun very fas. You can
9 She has been here very long. You
10 They didn’t get up very early. You
11 He wasn't very surprised, You

‘Complete the sentences with abit or much 4 a comparative (alderbetter et).

1 fils 25, Gary is 24%
‘il io a bk older than Gary.

2 Jack’ mother i 54, His father is 69,
Jacks mother

3 My camera cost £100. Yours cost £96.
My camera —

4 Yesterday I fée terrible. Today 1 feel OK.
feel

5 Today the temperature is 12 degrees. Yesterday it was ten degree.
Ws

6 Annisan excellent tennis player Pm not very good.
‘Ann

unt

87

[183]

CUS notas... as

‘She’ old bur she not as old as he is Box A isn't as big as Box B,

Rome is not as old as Athens. (= Athens is older)
ie Grand Hotel isn’t as expensive as the Europa. (= the Europa is more expensive)
on’ play tennis as often as you. (= you play more often)

The weather is better than it was yesterday It isn't as cold, (= as cold as it was
yesterday)

B not as much as … / not as many as

© haven't got as much money as you. (= you've got more money)
© 1 don't know as many people as you. (= you know more people)
© 1 don't go out as much as you. (= you go out more)

C Compare not as... as and than:

© Rome is not as old as Athens
‘Athens is older than Rome, (ros “olderas Rome’)

© Tennis js as popular as football
Foosball is more popular than tennis.

© 1 don’t go out as much as you.
You go out more than me

D West asme/ashim /asher et, You can sy
She’ not as old as him. or She¥ motas old as he is,
You dont work as hard as me. or You dont work as hard as do.

E Wesay the same as

The weather today is the same as yesterday
© My hair is the same colour as yours

© arrived at the same time as Tim

[188] much/muny => EIER older an... more expensive than... > EE

EXERCISES 88

88.1 Lookatthe pictures and write sentence about A, Band C.

1 Ais bigger than C but not as big as B.

2 Ais Bout ©
Abu
4 Ais bae
5 Bhas got
6 C works
88.2 Wie sentences with as … as …
1 Athens is older than Rome. Rome „ion as old as Athens,
2 My room isbigger than yours, Your room isn’t
3 You got up earlier than me. 1 didn't
3 We played better than them. They
5 I've been here longer than you. You
6 Shek more nervous than him. He
883 Putinasorthan,
1 Athensis older Ban, Rome, 5 Jim sntas clever he thinks
2 Eon watch TV as much you. 6 Belgium is smaller Switzerland,
3 You eat mo me. 7 Brazil isn’t as big Canada,
4 Teel better Tele yesterday. 8 Tcant wait longer an hour.

{88.4 Use the information o complete the sentences about Julia, Andrew and Caroline. Use the same age / he

same sreet et.
Var A Tr 24
Lisa (A Virginia "neil Sa,
D go up ab 7.15 geen. Bo Spb Ren car”
PAL! haven’ got a car ar is dark Mus blue.

1 (age) Andrew is the same age as Caroline,
2 (erect) Juli lives

3 (Gime) Julia gor up

4 (colour) Andrews

[185]

use]

the oldest the most expensive

HOTEL PRICES IN NTO
Ge rion eri
ropa lel £95 Grosenor

Gane! ass nei

5 in A

das Carita
0 fe
168 Station
Box A is bigger than Box B. ‘The Europa Hotel is more expensive than the
Grand,
Box A is bigger than all the other boxes. The Europa Hotel is more expensive than all

the other hotels in the town,
Box A isthe biggest box: The Europa Hotel is the most expensive hotel
inthe town,

Bigger / older / more expensive ct are compara forms (=> Unit $6).
Biggest / oldest / most expensive et, ae superlative fort,

‘The superlative form i est (oldest) or most ... (most expensive):

‘Sort words (old/cheap/nice ete) — the „est
old —> the oldest cheap the cheapest nice — the nicest

fw good > the best bad = the worst
Spelling (=> Appendix 5): big — the biggest hot > the hottest

Hörds ending in -y (easy/heavy ei) the -iest:
sy > the easiest heavy — the heaviest pretty the prettiest

Lane words (careful expensive interesting cic) > the most
careful > the most caret

ceresting — the most interesting

We say: the oldest... / the most expensive .. te (with the)
'® The church is very old, les the oldest building is th
(E its older than all he other buildings)
© Whats the longest river in the world?
© Money is important but it isn't the most important ı
® Excuse me, where isthe nearest bank?

in ie

You can use the oldest / the best / the most expensive et wilhout now
"© Ken is good player but he isn the best in the team
(the best = the best player)

superhive + I've ever... / you've ever .. te
‘© The film was very bad. [think its the worst film I've ever seen,
© Whavis the most unusual ching you've ever done?

prompt ever > ETRE older / more ex

EXERCISES

‘Write sentences with comparative (alder etc.) and superaivs (Ihe oldest et.)
1

(long/short)
) Cis
© Di
mb

(young/old)
DD

©

©
(expensive/cheap)
DIN

re]

a)

AZ.

5) RESTAURANT A excellent (good/bad)
RESTAURANT B no bad wo

RETURN € gd betwee |)
RESTAURANT D dut ©

Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (the oldest etc).

This building is very old, Irs the oldest building … in the town.
lt was a very happy day, Le was. of my fe

1
2

3 lesa very good film. Ie Eve ever seen

4 She’ a very popular singer. She's in the country,
5 lt was a very bad mistake. Ie was ve ever made,
6 tesa very prety village. Tes Te ever seen.

7 lt was very cold day. levas of the year.

8 Hea very boring person, Hes Ie ever met,

‘Write sentences with asuperative (the longest et.

Sydney Brazil large | [county planer the USA the solarsystem
Everest jupiter | [long | Jeity ste Africa Sowh America
Alaska the Nile | [high | [river mountain | [re world Australia

1 Sydney is the largest city in Australia

2 Everest

3

4

5

6

89

1187)

CA enough

She can't buy a sandwich, He can't reach the shelf
e hasnt got enough money. He isn't all enough.

es ras ie
dr ough sugar a po cf es nl you!

‘We mac o Hoy Sol ut we din ne enough payers

© Whydont you buy ca? Youve gor enough money. fo money enough)

enough without mom
‘money but not enough to buy à ca.
money to buy a car)
some more to eat?” “No, thanks. ve
© You're always at home, You dont go out enough.

xl enough!

Caire + enough (good enough / tall enough a)
all we stcuside? "Ne, kit marin enough: (ot enough warm)

© Can you hear the mai? Is loud enough for you?

ant buy thar cout vice bot tor long enough

3 100 short)

Remember
enough + nom bit aljecic + enough
enough money tall enough
enough time good enough
enough people old enough

D we:

‘enough for (somebouly/something)

Roi to (ds something) + Isyour English good enough to have a

conversation? (not ‘for have)

‘enough for (omebody/someching) | e There an
to (do something) to sit down,

‘enough chairs for everybody

[ISS] to andor. D vo CE

EN

EXERCISES

‘Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use enough + one ofthese words:

chaies money paint wind

‘Look tthe pictures and complete the sentences, Use one ofthese adjectives + enough:
big long strong tall

i

1 He ont tall enough 3 His eg aren't

2 The car 3 He

Complete the sentences. Use enough wih one ofthese words:

big eat fruit Joud old practise sugar time tired

1 “there enough sugar. in your coffee?" “Yes, thank you!
2 Can you hear the radio? Isir loud enough _ for you?

3 He can leave school ifhe wants — he’

4

Did you have to answer al the questions in the exam?
5 This house isn’ fora large family
61 xy thin. She docente

cat You should eat more ~ its good for you
Ws ace but I don’t wane to go to bed now. Fm not
9 Lisa isn'ta very good tennis player because she doesn't

‘Complete he sentences. Use enough wi the words in brackets (..)

1 We haven't gor enough money to buy à ca, (money / buy)
2 This knife isn't tomatoes (harp / cus)
3 The water wasn’ bath, (arm / have)
3 Have we got sandwiches? (bread / make)
5 We played well but not the game, (well win)
6 Idont have newspapers (ime / read)

ner

us

unır

91

€

1190)

too

His shoes arc too big for him

100 + adjective / adverb (too big / too hard etc)

down?

you turn the ra
Lis oo loud. (= louder than I want)
can't work. Pm too tired.
you work too hard.

“im

100 much / (00 many = more than you want,

don’ like the weather here, There is too much

zo to another restaurant, There are too many people bere
studies 00 much,

© Lets
© Emily
© Traffic ia problem

studies al the time, I think s
this town, There

‘Compare too and not enough:

are too many cars,

© The hats too big for him,

RES
for him. (= its

e The radio
enough. Can you turn
up pease?

© Theres not enough

sr in my cote
(= Incedmore sugar) not big enough
a. You don’t cat enough.

© You're very

We say
à Anima | & These shoes are too big forme.
100 ... for (somebody/something) | $ 1r% asmall house — too small for a large family.
© Tim too tired to go out. (no for go out)
100 «to (do someta) rn ad
100 ... for Gomebody/something) | à She speaks too fast for me to understan
19 (do something) ak 150 mee seid

‚ch/many > EIER enough =>" EE

91.2

EXERCISES

Look te pictures and complete the sentences. Use too + one of these words:
big crowded fast heavy loud low

T 7 3 7

4 She’ driving
box is 5 The ballis
3 The netis 6 The restaurants

Putintoo/too much /too many / enough.
You're always at home, You don't go out ereugh

1 don't like the weather here, Theres #0 much. rain.
Lean wait for them. I haven't got time,

There was nowhere to sit on the beach. There were

You're always ir. think you work hard,
Did you have toca "Yes, thank you.

7 You drink Coffee. Its not good for you.

8 You don' eat vegetables. You should eat more.
9 1 don't like the weather her. les cold.

10 Our team didn't play well. We made mistakes.
11 "Would you like some milk in your tea?” "Yes, but not

Complete sentences. Use oor enough vit words rate
À cout work, 1 1045 to lied

2 Ca you the radio up ple? ele loud enough

3 1dont aot to walk home. It

4 Dont buy anything in that shop

3, You can pat al you ing inthis bag I

6 Voodoo eses le

5
3
3

Your work needs to be better. I
{ean tlk to you now. I
1 choughe the film was boring. Ie

‘Complete the sentences. Use tao (+ adjective) +1 (do something),

not going out / cold) W's too cold to go out

2 (m not going to bed / early) 1
3 (theyre nor getring married / young) Theyre
4 (nobody goes out a night / dangerous) It;

5 (dont phone Ann now / late) We

6 (ida say anything / surprised) Twas

(red)
(ous)

(60
(expensive)
ip
(teat)
(good)
(busy)
(long)

91

1911

92

1192]

He speaks English very well.
(word order 1)

verb + object

Suc reads a newspaper every day

sabia vb objet

‘The vb (reads) and the objet (a mewspaper) are
usually together, We say:

© Sue reads a newspaper every di
paper every day.

(not Sue reads every day a newspaper’)
AA sue sungen)

A Newsraren (one)

verb + objet

He speaks English very well

Why do you always make the same mistake?

Tin going to borrow some money from the bank.

ike Italian food very much.
Did you watch television all evening?
We invited a lot of people tothe party, (nor "We
Paul often wears a black hat. (nor Paul wears often
Topened the door quietly.

(‘He speaks very well English’)
(not Like very much ...)
(wot Did you watch all evening ... 2)

wited to the party...)

>

place and ti

We went toa party last night

+
pe me

lace (to a party) is usually before dine (last he. We say:

© We went to a party last

ight. (not ‘We went last might toa party!)

Jim’ father has been in hospital since June.

every day to work’)

this evening at home?)

place Time
(here?) hen? ho long? how often?)
Liz walks to work every day. (nor
Will you be. at home this evening? (or
Tusually go. to bed early. (not... early to bed)
Wearrived atthe airport at7 o'clock.
‘They've lived in the same house for 20 years.

word onder in questions => always usually often te. =>

EX]

1823

EXERCISES 92

Fight or wrong? Correct the sentences that are wrong.

1 Didyou varo) Did you wach eric a rnit
2 Sue rade a newspaper every day

3 Hike very much th picture

4 Tom started lst week his new job. = =

5 want to speak Engh Hund = _

6 Jane bought for her fiend a present e

7 drink every day three cups of col. =

8 Dont ext your inner too quickly! _ =

9 borrowed rom my brother fity Pound E

Put the words in order

1 (die door / opened /1/ quietly) 1 opened. the door quietly

2 (ew leters/1/ this morning / wrote) 1

3 (pase / Paul / easily / he exam)

3 (Ann / very well / French / doesn speak)

5 (alot of work / did / 1/ yesterday)

6 (London / do you know / well?)

7 (we / enjoyed / very much / the party) -

8 (he problem / careful /1/ explained)

9 (we /at the airport / some friends / met)
10 (did you buy / in England / hat jacket?) E
11 (every day / do / the same thing / we) =
12 (Foosball "dont like / very much / D _

Put the words in order

1 (to work / every day / walks / Liz) Liz walks to work every day,
2 (atthe hotel /1/ early / arrived) 1

3 (goes / every year / to Italy /Juia) Julia

3 (we / since 1988 / here / have lived) We

5 (in London / Sue / in 1960 / was born) Sue

6 (didnt go / yesterday / Paul to work) Paul

7 (to the bank / yesterday afternoon / went / Ann)

8 (1/ in bed / this morning / my breakfast / had)

1
9 (in October / Barbara / to university / is going)
Barbara
10 (4/3 beautiful bird / this morning / inthe garden / saw)
1
11 (many times / have been / my parents / co the United States)
My a
12 (my umbrella /1/ las night / left / in the restaurant)
1

13 (o the cinema / tomorrow evening / are you going?)
Are - ns
14 (he children /1/ took / this morning / to school)
1

1193)

1194]

€

always/usually/often etc. (word order 2)

always ofen ever rarely also already all
wally sometimes never seldom just still both

“These words (always/never etc) are often with the verb inthe middle of a sentence:
‘© My brother never speaks to me
he always ae,
e Do you often go to restaurants?
e 1 sometimes eat 100 much. (or Sometimes I at too much.)
¿don't want to go to the cinema. I've already seen the fl.
+ Te got three sisters, They’re all married,

always /mever ete go before the verb:

er + always go to work by car (ar go always
al à ‘+ Ann often plays tennis. (or ‘Ann plays often tennis)
‘often + play fou sometimes look unlappy:
Gere: | el + They usually have dinner at 7 o'clock,

Ve | ue | + Werarely (orseldom) watch television.

+ Richard is 2 good footballer. He also plays tennis and volleyba
(nor He plays also tennis’)
+ Te got three sisters. They all live in London.

but always/never et. go after am/is/are/was/were:
= ‘© Lam never ill. (nos Lever am il!)
Ts | always | @ They are usually at home in the evenings.

Pre + Itis often very cold here in winter
at te + When was à child, was always late fr school.
were > “Wheres Linda?” ‘She's still in bed:

+ Ive gor wo brothers, They're both doctors

always/never cc. go between (wo verbs (have ... been / can... find et)

= pa od
ES a A
Ea ba small os work by car
— lie vee dy kon.
en A een
> 2 A Wheres nd
mle la Sock ergo he
= es ont
et SB ee

always/never + prot spl => IGE jus/aleady + promt prot FEA > ETE
both => sl BS

EXERCISES 93

‘Look at Paul answers tothe questions and write sentences with aten/never et.

Yes, often, | Paul often plays tennis
Yes, always. | He

No, never. | He

Sometimes

Do you ever play tennis?
Do you get up early?

‘Are you ever late for work?
Do you ever et angry?
Do you ever go swimming?
‘Are you at home in the
ng?

ite thse sentences wit he words in brackets (.)
1. My brother speaks to me, (never) -M brother never speaks to me,
2 Susan is polie. (always). Susan
3 nish work tS o'clock. (usually) 1
3 Ji has tte a new job. Gt) Jill
5 Igo to bed before midnight. (rately)

late. (usual)

Yes, often,
Yes, usta.

1 will forget what you sid. (never)
9. Have you lost your pasport? (ever)

10 Do you work in the same place? (ill)

11 They stay in che same hotel. (always)

12 Diane doesn’ work on Saturdays. (usually)
13 Is Tina here? (already)

14 What do you have for breakfast? (usually)

15 Lean remember his name. (never)

White sentences with also, Use the words in brackets.)

1 Do you play football (tennis) Yes, and. | also play tenis
2 Do you speak Italian? (French) Yes, and
3 Are you tired? (hungry) Yes, and

4 Have you been to England? (Ireland) Yes.
5 Did you buy any clothes? (some books)

Write sentences with both and al,

OA M

1 play football. 1 play football
na student, Pmastudent
Ave gota car le gota car

1 They bot live in London, 2 They married
They football. |” They England.
students.

1195)

1196]

still yet already

SS THE RAIN HASWT STOPPED

E

An hour ago it was raining, Les sl raining now.
still = something is che same as before
+ hada lor to eat but I'm sill hungry. (= 1 was hungry before and I'm hungry now)
Did you sell your cat?" “No, I've still got it!
Do you still lve in Barcelona?" No, live in Madrid now!

Twenty minutes ago they were They are still waiting for Bill
waiting for Bill, Bill hasn' come yet

ntl now:
in negative sentences (He hasn't come yet) and in questions (Has he come yet).
Yet is usualy at the end ofa sente
225 Where Diane?
She isn't here yet. (= she will be here but until now she hasn't come)
wks whens ea aoe akong,
B: 1 don’t know yet. (= I will know later but I don't know atthe moment)
A: Are you ready to go yet?
B: Not yet, Wait a moment. (= will be ready but I'm not ready at che moment)
“e A: Have you finished with the newspaper yet?
8: NO, Pin si reading

Compare yet and still:
he hasnt gone yet. = She’ still here, (nor “She i yet here’)
@haven't finished eating yet. = I'm still eating,

arlier than expected:

hat time is John arriving?’ ‘He’ already here? (earlier than we expected)
going to tell you what happened: “That's not necessary (already know

doesnt want to go to the cinema, She has already seen the film

oA

already yet + presen pect EGET word oder

stents) > EE

43

unır

EXERCISES 94
You meta. Tela Im you aw hr was wo years ago. You ska some quesos vl
= 1 Do you still play the piano?
ñ este 2 Doyou
ae AT Jie.) 5 Re
runs
Te in Gare) —
(ors :
¡AD « Ceres)

Vite tree sentences for each Station. Look at he example carefully.

before now

> (before) They were waiting for the bus,
A Vit) Tres are sl wating.
4 | ed The bus hasn't come yet,

efe) He was

e jl) He
EE | 6) yu

1

lore) She
(ald)
6e)

4 QE > DINE (before) They
a à l'en 7
Bu)

1 You and Sue ar going together. You are wating for her vo get end. Peshap hes
ready now Ya es Are u ready yet ai

2 Yai are waking for Ana o ave She wasn't here ten at ago, Peep hei here nom.
Yor a sant Am

3 Mary did an exam ands wang forthe esl Perhaps dhe as her rau now
Yona er you

4 Alen day ap you poke to Tom, He want are where o holiday Pra be hs
decided ont Yona in

AE

‘write questions with et.

‘Complete the sentences, Use already.

1 What time is John arriving? | [He's already here.

2 | Does Ann wane to see the film? | | No,she has already seen ir.

3 | Tmnustsce Julia before she goes. | | es too late. She

4 Do you need a pen? | | No thanks. 1 one
5 Shall pay the bil? | | No, ies OK. I

6 | Shall el Paul about the meeting? | | No, he told him.

197

Give me that book! Give it to me!

À [ee tend pe end de

After these verbs (give/lend et) there are two
possible structures”

(give) something to somebody:
+ I gave the keys to Liz.
(give) somebody something:
+ 1 gave Liz the keys.

B give) something to somebody

something to somebody

That’ my book. Give | it tome.
These are Such keys. Can you give | them to her?
you give | these flowers | to your mother?
Tent | my ear to à friend of mine,
Did you send | aposteard | to Kate
€ photos. You showed | them tom.

somebody | somerhi
Give |me thar book, Tes mine,
Tom gave | his mother | some flowers.
Tent | John some money.
How much money did you lend | hin?
Tsent | you a posteard, Did you receive it?
Linda showed | us her holiday photos
Can you pass | me the sat, please?

You can also say “buy/get somebody something
e 1 bought my mother some flowers. (= bought some flowers for my mother)
+ Can you get me a newspaper when you go out? (= get a newspaper for me)

D Compare
gave the ky to Li
1 gave Liz he keys maT gave co Lethe keys)
+ That my book, Can you give ico me?
Can you give me that book ur e give to me that book)

We profe the frst structure (give something to somebody) when the (hing ii or them
6 Lgave it to her. (not 1 gave her it’)
+ Here are the keys. Give them to your father. (nor Give your father them)

1198]

feo => EIER

EXERCISES 95

Mark had some
things that he
‘didnt want. He
gave them to
diferent people

Vir sentences beginning He gave

1 What did Mark do with the armchair? He, gave ik bo his brother
2 What did he do with the tennis racket? He gave

3 What happened to the books? He

4 What about the lamp?

5 What did he do wich the pictures?

6 And the ladder?

You wanted to give presents to your friends. You decided to give them the things in the pictues.
‘Write a sentence for each person

5 7

LP |

{gave Paul a bok,
ge
1

Wt questions beginning Can you give me... ?/ Can you pass me... tc.

1 (you wane the sal) (pas) Can you pass me the salt?
2 (you need an umbrella) end)
3 (you want my adres) (ive) your
3 (sou need ten pounds) end)
5 (you want some information) (send)
6 (you want to sce the letter) (show)
7 {you want some stamps) (eed
Wich sight?
thee {gave Liz the keys s ight

1
2 Wi lend to you some money if you want. / I'l end you some money if you want.
3 Did you send the leter me? / Did you
4 1 want to buy for you a present, / I want to buy you a present
5
7

ease?

‘Can you pas to me the sugar, please?/ Can you pass me the sugar,
6 This is Ann bag. Can you give it her? / Can you give her it
y identity card, /I showed the policeman my identity card

showed to the policeman

1199)

(200)

at8o’clock on Monday in April

Sordo Estare work at 8 o'clock
at | 1030 © The shops close at 5.30
ght et,

err Sunday) /Monday() etc | © Goodbye! See you on Friday.
AO om | 25 April 6 June ete © 1 dont work on Sundays.
A pi ys

New Years Day ec © The concerts on 22 November.

April/june te l'in going on holiday in October,

1985/1750 et

imma left school in 1993.
er/spring ee ‘© The garden is lovely in spring,

© Arc you going away at the weekend?
Lean sleep at night

‘+ Where wil you be at Christmas? (ut on Christmas Day)
© Pin going on holiday at the end of October.

at the moment + Are you busy at the moment?

Cine moraing/n the afternoon in the evening
ia cl good ia Us merci
8 Doyen oes go out inthe en?

but

‘on Monday morning / on Tuesday afternoon /
+ Um mecting Jill on Monday morning.

‘© Are you doing anything on Saturday evening?

Friday evening / on Saturday night et

De do not use at/on/in before:

this... (his morning / this week cc) © Are you going out this evening?
Ist. (last August / last week etc) The garden was lovely last summer.
next... (next Monday / next week ec)

every ... (every day / every week et)

in five minutes / in a fow days / in six weeks /
ys

+ Hurry! The ein eves in five minutes
SO (E it Teves five minuts fom now)
A Goo ce yon ae days

now infiveminutes (= few days fom now)

vo years ete

in/avon (cc) > ETE

ur
EXERCISES 96
Wie atonin.

1 om 6 June 7 24 September 13 Friday morning,
2 in the evening 8 Thursday 4 Saturday night

5 half past wo 9 he: 15 night

3 Wednesday 10 mas Day 16 the end ofthe day
5 1987 u Christmas 7 the weekend

6 September 12 themorning 18 winter

Write avonin,

1 Goodbye! See you On. Friday the weekend.

2 Where were you … 28 February? 3 July

3 Igotup.......Se'elock this morning. 13 Weofien go tothe beach summer.
3 Tike getting up early... he morning. 14 George isn’ here the moment,

5 My sister got married. May 15, Julia’ birthday is... January,

6 Diane and fine met... 1979, 16 Do you work ....... Saturdays?

7 Did you go out — Tuesday? 17 The company started... 1969,

8 Did you go out Tuesday evening? 18 like to look a the stars night.

9 Do you offen go out ...... the evening? 19 Tilsend you the money ...... the end

10 Lets meet … 7.30 tomorrow evening. ofthe mont

Look at Lisa's dary for next week and complete the sentences,

1 Lisa is going co the cinema ‚on Wednesday evening
2 She has to phone Chris

3 She int doing anything special

4 Shes gota driving lesson

5 She’ going toa party da
6 She meeting Sam.

Wirte sentences with in
1 1es 17.25 now: The tain leaves a 17.30. ‘The train leaves in five minutes.

2 Its Monday today Fl phone you on Thursday. II days
3 Today is 14 June. My exam is on 28 June My

4 1053 o'clock now. Tom will be here at3.30. Tom

Wirteavon/nit necessary: Sometimes there is no preposition

1 Dm leaving On... Friday. 7 What ae you doing … the weekend?
2 Tmleaving.~.. next Friday. (no preposition) 8 1 phone Robert every Sunday.

3 always feel the evening 9 Shall we play tennis next Sunday?
4 Will you beat home … this evening? 10 Lean go to the party —— Sunday

5 We went to France. st summer Pin going out. Ibe back an hour.

6 Laura was born... 1975. 12 Tdon offen go out night.
por

97

A

po

from...to until since for

from ...t0

© We lived in Canada from 1982 to 1990.
© I work from Monday to Friday igom Monday lo ay

You can also say from... until

© We lived in Canada from 1982 anil 1990. — Monday Friday
until + the end ofa period.
until Friday until December until 3 o'clock until I come back
© They're going avay tomorrow: They'll be away until Friday.
© 1 went to bed carly but I wasn't tired, | read a book until 3 o°elock,
© Wait here until I come back,
You can also say il ‘nt Friday
© Wait here ill | come back
Friday

Compare
© "How long will you be away? “Until Monday!
© "When are you coming back?” "On Monday!

since + a time in the pat o now)

since Monday since 1968 — since 2.30 since arrived
We use since after the present pet (have been / have done etc)
+ John iin hospital, He has been in hospital
since Monday. (= from Monday to now)
© Mrand Mrs Kelly have been married since
1968. (rom 1968 to now)
© Iehas been raining since T arrived.

Compare:
Ve lived in Canada from 1982 to 1990.
Welived in Canada until 1990,
© Now we live in France. We came to France in 1990.
We have lived in France since 1990. (= from 1990 until now)

We use for (not since) + « period of time (three days / ten years cc)
® John has been in hospital for three days. (os "since three days)

or + a pried of time

for three days for ten years for ten minutes for along time

© George stayed with us for three days.

© Tin going away for a few weeks. otre days
© I'm going away for the weekend.
© They've been married for ten years. Monday - Tuesday Wednesday

presen perfct + for/ainee => EY presen pefct have lived) and pas simple (I

EXERCISES
ead te information about these people and complete the sentences. Use from … lo until / since.

(ive in England, vom) Tm a salesman row.
N ed in Canada {nas a teacher
Were ‘efor:

| started work as a.

‘salesman in 1989

came to England in
o

1 (Alex / Canada / 198

1990) Alex lived „in Canada. from 1982, to 1990.

2 (Alex / Canada / -> 1990) Alex lived in Canada 1990.
3 (Alex / England / 1990) Alex bas lived in England

4 (Alice / France / > 1991) Alice lived in

5 (Alice / Switzerland / 1991) — Alice has lived in

6 (Carol / a hotel / 1990-1993) Carol worked. 1990
7 (Carol / à restaurant / 1993) Carol has worked

8 (Gerry / a teacher / 1983 — 1989) Gerry vasa

9 (Gerry /asalesman / 19893) — Gerry has been

Now write sentences with fr.

10 (Alex / Canada) Alex lived in Canada. for eight years

Alex has liv
12 (Alice / Switzerland) Alice has
13 Carol / hotel) arol worked
14 Carol / restaurant) sto

5 (Gerry / a teacher) ley

16 (Gerry / asalesman) Gerry

n England

Put inuntisineetor.
Mra

Mrs Kelly have been married Simee._ 1968,

1
2 1 was tied this morning. stayed in bed 10 o'clock

3 We waited for Sue hualfan hour but she didnt come,

3 “Have you just arrived?” “No, Ive been here halfpast seven!

5 “How long did you say atthe party last night?” © ruido

6 David and are good friends, We have known each other ten years
7 Vi red, Im going to lie down. à few minutes

$ Dont open the door of the train the win stops

9 This s my house, I've lived here was seven years old,

10 Jack has gone away. He'll be away Wednesday

11 Next week I’m going to Paris rec days

12 usually finish work at 5.30, but sometimes I work six

13 ‘How long have you known Ann?”
14 Where have you been? Pue been waiting

‘we were at school together?
sony minutes,

ur

Cr

12041

before after during while

after

iA

ring the film “after the fm

+ Everybody is nervous before exams.
1 wenttoslcep during the film,
Le We were tired after our visit 10 the museum,

before while after

after we played

before we played: were playi

‘© Don't forget to close the window before you go out
{© ofien go to sleep while Pm watching television,
6 They went home after they did the shopping.

during, while and for

We use during + now (during the film), We use while + verb (while Pm watching)
© We dit speak during the meal

but @ We didi speak while we were eating. (no ‘during we were eating’)

Use for (not during) + a period of time (three days / two hours / a year ete):

+ Ilived in London for a year. (no ‘during year)

You can use before/after + -ing (before going / after eating ec)
+ Lalvays have breakfast before going to work. (= before I go to work)
e After doing the shopping, they went home, (= after they di)

Do nor say before to go, ‘after to do" etc
+ Before cating the apple, washed it careful (not before to ext’)

started work after reading the newspaper. (nor ‘after to read’)

pose conúinucas (ws ing) => EDR for > EIER preposition + ing DRE

befor/aftr/while/when >

CA]

8.3

8.4

unr
EXERCISES: 98

Complete the sentence. Choose from the boxes.

- Deco ahewnamn they went to Australia
before daring | 4 | thecoune lunch youare mailing
hend thenighe

Everybody was nervous „before. the, exam
usually work four hours in the mornin

1
à nd another two hours
3 The film was very boring. We left

3

jerman. She learnt alot

Ani went to evening classes o learn
My aunt and uncle lived in London

6 A: Somebody broke a window Did you hear anything?
Bs No, I was asleep all he time.

7 Would you lke to sit down

8 “Are you going home 7 No, were going eo a restaurant?

Putin duringhwhile or.

1 speak ile we were eating,
2 speak during che meal.

3 honed you were out

4 Lstayed in Rome five days.

5 Sally wrote alot of eters she was on holiday

6 The students looked very bored the lesson.

7 Lfell out ofbed was asleep.

8 Yesterday evening | watched TV three hours.

9 1dont usually watch TV the day

10 Do you ever watch TV you are having dinner?

‘Complete the sentences, Use «Ing (doing ec.

1 After deing_ che shopping, they went home.
2 elt sick after too much chocolate.
3 I'm going to ask you a question. Think carefully before i
4 fete al when I got up this morning. [felt beter fier a shower.
5 Alter my work, [Te the office and went home.
6 Before toa foreign country, its a good idea to learn a few words ofthe
language.
te sentonces with before + ing and after in
1 They dite hopping Th we home
Aer doing. hey went home.
2 John left ne co bookshop fortwo years.
John worked
3 Tread few pages of my book, Then 1 went 0 sleep.
Before
4 We walked for three hours. We were very tired,
After
5 Let have a cup of coffee. Then we'll go out,
Lets

1205}

on

in the water

© Wheres David?"

© Whar’

© Angela works in a shop /

© Thada swim,

‘© Milan isin the north of Italy.
Live in a town but I want to live

that box /in that bag /

|

at the door

at the bus stop

a bank /
the river / in the sen.

(places 1)

the country.

in a room a garden
in a shop. town
ina car the city centre

France

“In the kitchen. / In the garden. / In London.
that cupboard?
a factory,

at her desk

alo on a horse / on a bicycle / on a motor-bike:

inat/on phcs2)-> ENE

e There's somebody at the bus stop / at the door.
© The cars waiting at the traffic lights
© Julia is working at her desk,

«top (ofthe page)

at the top / at the bottom / at the end (of...)
"© Write your name at the top of the page.
‘© My house is at the end of the street

ar
i
t

ona shelf
ona plate

om a balcony
on the floor e

on a wall
om a door
fon the ceiling et.

care some books on the shelf and some pictures on the wall
care alot of apples on those trees. Bi

Don't sic on the grass. es wer a stamp
‘There isa stamp on the envelope.

envelope

‘© Who is that man on the motor-bike?

the top /the bottom te. => EEE

avonán (ine) > EX

EN

EXERCISES

Look at pictures and answer the questions. Use i/aton + the words in bracket (..

ai

QM i

Le ceiling

is he? In the kitchen.
ere are he shoes?

ere i the pc 9. Where is he standing?
ere is the clock? 10, Where she sider?
ere is the bus?

cre are the horses?

Putininton,
1 Dontsit OM, the gras. les wet

2 What have you got your bag?

3 Look! There’ the roof. What’ he doing?

4 There are lor of fish

5 Is.......the door.

61 left the traffic lights?

7 Lusualy do my shopping …… the ity centre,

8 Brussch,

9 the cop ofthe ill,

10 [think I heard the doorbell. There's somebody the door.

11 Munich sa large city … the south of Germany,

12 There are afew shops nd ofthe street

13 les dificult co carry a lot of thing abicyl

14 Hooked ar the lst of names. My name was the bottom ofthe list,

15 There isa mirror the wall... the living room.

=

por

All} in at on (places 2)

in bed Wher
in hospital / in prison David’ ther is. He’

ina street Live in a small street near the sation
in the sky like ro look at the stars in the sky at

in the world @ What’ the largest city in the world?
a book ‘el read about the accident in the newspaper.
this photograph.

your car?
the middle of the garden.

ina newspaper
in a photograph / ima picture You look sad
‘Did you come he

in a eur / ima taxi
in the middle (0...)

‘at home
at work / at school

at university / at college ‘eHelen is studying kw at university,

at thestation / at the airport eDo you want me to meet you at the station?

at Jane's (house) / at my sisters (house) / at he doctor’ /at the hairdressers et
"e" Where were you yesterday? "At my sisters!
‘el sw Tom at the doctors

at a concert / ata party / ata football match et
‘e There weren't

many people at the party,

in or at for buildings (hotels, restaurants etc):

Often itis possible rou
or We stayed in ance hotel.

¡e We stayed ata nice hotel

®
ona bus ‘on the first floor om the way from Ao B

‘on à bus / on à tain / on à plane / on a ship
Did you come here on the bus?

‘on the ground floor / on the first oor et
The office is on the first floor. (not ‘inthe first floor’)

‘on the way (to...) /om the way home
fel met Ann on the way to work / on the way home

[208] inventen anus DE on

100.1

EXERCISES

‘Look at pictures and answer the questions. Use inatlon + the words in brackets (..)

1 Whereisshe? Im hospital 7 Where is Brian?
2 they? 8. Where isthe restaurant?
3 Whereis he? 9 Whereis she?
4 Where are they? 10 Where are they?
are the stars? 11 Where are they?
are they? 12 Where are they?
Putininaton.
Helen is studying law AE universi
‘There was a big able the middle ofthe room.

e world?
oncert lastnight?

What is the longest river
Were there many people

Will you be home tomorrow afternoon?
Who is that man chi photograph? Do you know him?

Where are your children? school?

George is coming by train. I'm going to meet him _ the sation.

Charlie is... hospital. Hes g
How many pages are there
‘Are you hungry after your journey’
Vm sorry Pen late, My ear bro
1s Tom here?” "No, he’
14 Dont believe everything you see … the newspaper
15 1 walked to work but came home … the bus.

to have an operation tomorrow.
is book:
“No, Thad a meal che train
the way here

1209)

10]

to in at

(places 3)

to

in/at (> Units 99-100)

‘g0/eome/return/walk (ee) to

Were going to London next week.

1 want to go to Italy.

© We walked from my house to the city
centre.

e What time do you go to bed?

‘The bus is going to the airport.
Sally did go to work yesterday
went to a party lastnight

You must come to our house,

lives in Italy.
© The main shops are in the city centre.

e Like reading in bed.

sat the airport.

© Ann wasn’t at work yesterday.
met her at a party.

© Ann stayed at her brothers house.

home

g0/come/walk (ac) home (witout 0);
© Tin red, Pim going home. (uo to home’)
© Did you walk home?

be/stay/do something (cic) at home:
e Tim staying at home this even
© ‘Where's Ann? “At home:

arrive and got

© What dn
get to (a place)
© What ime did you get to the hotel?
‘© What ime did you get to Pa

get home / arrive home (no prposio):

“arrive in a country or ton (arrive in Waly /arri

© They arrived in England last week. (not
arrive at other placs (arrive at the station / arrive at work cc)
did you arrive at the hotel? (nor "arrive to the hotel

in Paris cc):
rived to England)

© was tired when | got home. or Ewastired when | arrived home

been co => SEH

ero

==]

EXERCISES

101.1 Write to orin

1 Tike reading. bed. 5 L was tired, so I stayed. bed late,

2 Were going Italy next month. 6 What time do you usually go... bed?

3 Sue ison holiday... aly tthe 7 Does this bus go. the centre?
moment, 8 Would you like to live another

4 Tins go … the bank today. country?

101.2 Write oor af necessary. Sometimes thre is no preposition,

Paula did go 40. work
Yin tired. li going =. home, (mo prpoition)
Ann is not very wel, She has gone ...... the doctor.
Would you lke to come .......a party on Saturday?

1 sterday
3
4
5 "Liz... home?” ‘No, shek gone … work?
6
7
$

There were 20,000 people... the Football match
Why did you home early lastnight?
A boy jumped into the river and swam the other side
9 There were a lot of people waiting … the bus stop.
10 We had a good meal a restauran and then we went back …… the hotel

101.3 Writeto, ator inf necessary. Sometimes there is no preposition

1 I'm not going out chisafernoon, l'm staying 2£ home,

2 Were going à concert tomorrow evening.

3 Lwent New York last yea

4 How long did you stay... New York?

5 Next year we hope to go Canada to visit some friends.

6 Shall we the cinema this evening?

7 there a restaurant … the station?

8 Aer the accident three people were ken … hospital

9 How often do you o... the dentist?

10 “Is Diane here?” "No, she Ann?

11 My house is. the end of the street on the lef.

12 Lent... Mar house but she von home.

13 There were no taxis, so we had to walk … home.

14 What did you study... university? 1 didn't go. university?

101.4 Write to, ator init necessary. Sometimes there is no preposition.

1 What time do you usually get… work? 4 When did you arrive. London?
2 What time do you usually get __ home? 5 What time does the rain get… Paris?
3 What time did you arrive. the party? 6 Wearrived home very ae

(01.5 Complete these sentences about yourself. Use tail
1 Atthroe o'clock this morning I was in bed.

Yesterday I went

At 11 o'clock yesterday morning I vas

‘One day I like to go

don’t ke going

6 AUD o'clock yesterday evening I was

unir

101

pny

10 under behind opposite etc.
(prepositions)

A next to (or beside) / between / in front of / behind

‘Aisnext to B, or Ais beside B,
Bis between À and C.

Disin front ofB,

Bis behind B.

alo

A iso the

Con the right.

Bisin the middle (of the group)

iB opposite A

C by (= nextto / beside)

chere a public phone here” "Yes, by the door!

ni
( N [| Rome

by the window.

D under
—— = © ‘The cat is under the table,
N © The girl is standing under a tree.
SAWS = © I'm wearing jacket under my coat.
under the able undera tee

E above and below

The pictures are above

Ais above the line,
ne) the shelves.

ag toss

Sister du
oR Comte

The shelves are below
the pictures.

1212] uplover/through cc. > DR by =>

02.1

022

ur

EXERCISES 102

er are the people in he picture? Complete the sentences

on a qa racer 1 Colinisstanding behind _ Frank.
2 Frank is siting Emma.
3 Eima is siting Barbara
4 Emma is sing, Donna and Frank,
5. Donna is sitting Emn
6 Frank is siting Colin.
7 Alan is stan Donna.
8 Alan is standi lef
9 Barbara is stand middle

1 7 The switch is the window,
2 the house. — & The cupboard is the sink,
3 the clouds. — 9 There are some shoes the bed,
38 the piano, 10 ‘The plant is the piano,
5 the right u Fiona.
6 She stting the phone 2 the le.
Wire sentences about the picture. Use the words in brackets...)

Dear gens | 1 (next to) The bank is, next to Ure bookshep,

ur N 2 (in front of) The
ME! 3 (opposite)

4 (next to)

5 (above)

6 (between)

pa

103

pa

up over through etc. (prepositions)

TEE oe
© A lot of English words come from Latin. K

© We jumped into the water
© À man came out of the house and got into à car.
8 Why ate you looking out ofthe window?
@ 1 cook the old batteries out ofthe adi.
into Gn) We sy put somethi (no sual i"
© I put the new batteries im che radio

on put your fe on the table pr
© Please take your fet off the table.

qe
AUN cect Dont teste Du >

@ We got on the bus in Princes

Pa as |
Be carefull Dont fll down the sa

The plane flew over the mountains.

ape over the val it he prin, Va
Same people say it unlucky so walk

under à bidder ETS
© A bird flew into the room through a wi

ee OO

Hase E
ee ee lint poten

u ‘moe

TS a cn bo me around («mund iat

We walked around the town

as walking along the road with my dog m
NUT Let go fora walk along the river.

NSS
N

(©The dog swam across the river. u

az
ey walled past me without peaking a
D. ee
D Go ong em, pas diecinems, Sm
Under bridge athe hop on
ES thet Bm

eetin/oncte.=> EHEN ivon=> CREME => EMI oi con away cu. =

103.3

EXERCISES

Somebody asks you the way to a place. You say
‘which way to go, Lok tthe pictures and write
sentences begining Go

[a igs)

Ta? vorn

6 Suddenly a car came

2 À book fel 7 They drove the
3 A plane flew 8 They got the tain,

4 A woman got 9 The Moon travel the Barth,

5 Agid ran the road. 10 They got the house... a window,
Put ina preposition {overtrominto etc).

1 Hooked the window and watched the people inthe street.

My house is very near here. I just
Do you know how to put à fil

How fir i it here u
We walked the museum for an

In tennis, you have to hit the ball

the corner.
this camera?

he airport?

thou and saw a lot of interesting things

You can put your coat the back ofthe chair.

8 Silvia took a key her bag and opened the door.

une

103

pis]

1216]

on at by with about
(prepositions)

on holiday Jone i
on television © We watched the news on television.
‘on the radio We listened to the news on the radio.
‘on the phone spoke to Carol on the phone last night.
on fire The house son fire! Call the fir brigade,

fon time (= nothte) @ “Wäsche train hte?” "No, it was on time:

at (the age of 21 / at 50 kilometres an hour / at 100 degrees cc
isa got married at 21. (or... at the age of 21.)

© The car was travelling at 50 kilometres an hour when the accide

© Water boils at 100 degrees celsius,

happened.

by car / by bus / by plane (orby air) / by bike ec
Do you like travelling by train?
+ Jane usually goes to work by bike, y do
but on foot:
(© She goes to work on foot. (= she walks)

© Who is that painting by? Picasso? laine
sg e sp ua ites

with/without:
(© Did you stay ata hotel or with friends?

(© Wait for me. Please don't go without me.
© Do you like your coffee wit thout milk? LP
fe Lcut the; it i y

a man with a beard / a woman with ghases et
"e Do you know that man with che beard? aman with
“8 Tike to havea house with a big garden. heard

4

wich glasses

‘alk/speak/think/hear/know about...
‘e Some people talk about their work all the time.
6 1dont know much about cars.

a book / a question / a programme (cc) about
Did you see the programme about computers on TV las night?

de ERA > EA reposition +-ing >

EXERCISES

Complete the sentences. Use an + one ofthese:

holiday thephone — theradio television time
1 Welistened to the news On the, radio.

2 Please dont be late. Ty to be he

3 Lwon'ebe here next week. I'm goi

4 Did you see Linda?" "No, but I talked to her

5 ‘What’ this evening? “There® a film at 9 o'clock

Lookat the pictures. Complete the sentences witha preposition (ay ele).

T y

1 Leucthe paper MB à pair ofscisors. — 6 Shes listening to some music. Mozart
2 She usually goes to work car. 7 The plane is ying… 600 miles an hour
3 Who isthe woman chorthair? 8 Theÿre… holiday

4 the weather. 9 Do you know the man... sunglasses?

5 10 Her reading book — grammar

Vera P Bull,
Complete the sentences with a preposition (atfoyiwith ee.)

1 In tennis, you hit the ball. a racket.
2 Its cold today. Don’t go out ….… à cout.

3 Hamlet, Otello and Macbeth are plays... William Shakespeare

4 Do you know anything... computers?

5 My grandmother died... the age of 8.

6 How long does i ake from New York to Los Angeles... plane?

7 did o to the football match, but I watched i... television

8 My house isthe one. the red door on the right

9) These trains are very fst. They can travel. very high speeds

10 1.dont use my car very often. I preter to go bike.

11. Can you give me some information …… hotels in this town?

12 1 vas arrested two policemen and taken to the police station,

13 The buses here are very good, They're nearly always —..... time.

14 What would you like to drink your meal?

15 We travelled from Paris co Moscow rán.

16 One of the most famous painting in the world is the Mona Lia... Leonardo da Vinci.

nr

104

pm

105 afraid of... good at... etc.
preposition + -ing (good at -ing etc.)

afraid of © Are you afraid of dogs?

angry with somebody © Why are you angry with me? What have I done?

angry about something + Are you angry about lst night? (= something that
happened last night)

different from © Annis very different from her sister

fed up with + Tin fed up with my job. I want ro do someth

We had enough of my job)

fall of + The room wat fall of people,
good at... /bad at © Are you good at maths?

+ Tina is very bad at writing letters.
interested in e l'in not interested in sport
married to + Sue is married to a dentist. (= her husband isa dentist)
nice/kind of somebody to... e [twas kind of you to help us. Thank you very much.

(be) nice/kind to (somebody) David is very f

nly. He' always very nice to me.

sorry about Gomethi
sorry for (doing someth

‘© l'in afraid I can't help you. I'm sorry about chat
© I'm sorry for not phoning you yesterday. (or I'm sorry
1 didn't phone you)

B proposition + -ing
‘After a preposition (at/with/for etc), a verb ends in ~ing:

Tin nor very good at wlling stories.
doing the same thing every day?
not phoning. you yesterday
buying anew ca

“Tom left without
After

goodbye. (= he didn'e say goodbye)
the shopping, they went home.

[EIS] before/aher-ing-> EEE think sboww/or> ERI

105.1

105.2

EXERCISES 1 05

Look the pictures and compete te sentences with a preposition (fin etc)

Se

very good … languages.
science. fed up... che weather.
footballer, 6 “Can I help you?" ‘Oh, thats very kind you

Putin te right preposition (anni et)

1 Tm not interested spor.
2 Fm not very good sport.

3 Hike Sarah. She’ always very kind me.

4 Imsorry your broken window le was an aceider

‘anything,
in her ft.

5 He's very brave. He isnt fl
6 le was very nice
7 Life today is very different

8 Are you interested polities?
9 Some people are affaid spiders.

10 Chris was angry ‘what happened,

11 These boxes are very heavy: They are fal books.

12 Tm sorry ‘geting angry you yesterday.

Complete the sentences.

1 Um not very good ab telling stories. (good / tll)

2 E wanted to go to the cinema but Paula wasn't (interested / go)
3 Sue isnt very up in the morning. (good / get)

4 Lets go! Im (ed up / wait)

5 Im you up in the middle ofthe night. (sorry / wake)
Complete the sentences, Use without Ing.

1 (Tom left / he didn't ay goodbye) Tom left without, saying goodbye.

2 (Sue walked past me / she didn't speak) Sue walked

3 Dont do anything / ask me frst) Dont

4 (Lwent out /Tdidn'tlock the don 1

‘Write sentences about yourself. Use the words in brackets...
sed) I'm interested, in sport.

rm
(not very good) l'm not

po

779 listento... lookat... etc.
106 (verb + preposition)

A [ask Gomebody) for

‘© A man stopped me and asked me for money.
belong to {© Does this book belong to you? (= Is this your book?)
happen to © Lean find my pen, What’ happened to it?
listen to + Listen to this music, I beau
speak/talk to somebody about + Did you talk to Paul about the problem?

© (onthe phone) Can I speak to Chris, please?
thank somebody for ‘+ Thank you very much for your help

think about .. oF think of

He never thinks about (or of) other people.

© Mark is thinking of (orabout) buying a new car
wait for e Dont go yet. Wait for me.

write to somebody © I never got letters. Nobody writes to me.

hut (telephone somebody (no © 1 must phone my parents. (ot phone to my pa

preposton)

B took at / look for / look after

Took at he% looking at her watch
Look at these flowers! They're bent.

2 ‘Why ate you looking at me like that?

Gury co find) a)

He lost his key. He’ looking for it
Pm looking for Sarah. Have you seen her?

look after (© When Barbara is at work, a friend of hers looks after
(E take care of, keep safe) her ch
© Don't lose this book. Look after it.
C depend

We say depend on

B: Sometimes. It depends on the restaurant. (not depends of
‘You can ay it depends what/where/how (etc) with or without on:
© A: Do you want to come out with us?
B: It depends where you'r going. or It depends on where
For word order (Ie depends where you're going.) see Unit 48,

P20] wait EY preposition + ing > EAT

EXERCISES 106

Look atthe pictures and complete the sentences with a preposition (or et)

1 Shes looking 4 her watch 4 Pauli aki Jane.
2 Hes listening... the radio, 5 Theyre looking........a picture.
3 They're waiting... taxi 6 Sueislooking.— Tom.

Complete the sentences with a preposition (o/or/about et. il necessary

1 Thank you very much OC your help
2 This not ny bell balon —— a end of ine
3 (onthe pong) Can Lspeak Mi Dai, please
4 (onthe phone) Thank you phoning. Goodbye
5 What happened Mary Inn? Why id he com tothe party?
6 Were thinking... going co Astral nex year.
7 Wessked the waiter coffee bu he brought use,
8 "Do yow ke reading books?” “Tedepends he book.
9 John was talking but nobody was lining... what he was sying

We waited... Karen nti 2 o'clock but she dt com
11 “Ate you wring leer”
12 Don forget o phone... your mother this eve
13 Het alone all diy. He never ells — anybody
14 “How much does coso stay ahi hotel?” It depends the type ofroom
15 Catherines thinking changing her job.

Complete these sentences. Use afr/fler.

1 Hooked... the newspaper but I didn't read i carefully
2 When you are il, you need somebody to look you.

3 Exeuse me, I'm looking... Hill Street. Can you tell me where itis?

4 Goodbye! Have a nice holiday and look ....... yourself.

5 Tim going to take a photograph of you. Please look... the camera and smile
6 Barry islooking........ job, He wants to work in a hotel.

Answer these questions with It depends.

Doyouwantiogoouwithu?) (TE depends where you're ging
Doyoulikecaungin esturane? | | 6 depends on the restaurant
Do you enjoy watching TV? | | It depends
sa jou de something or me? | [le
Are jou going ay tis mesa?
Cul rome mon

EN

107

(222)

goin fall off
(phrasal verbs 1)

run away etc.

A phrsal yh isa verb (go/look/be etc) + in/out/up/down et

„El

d the door ofthe car and got

© The car stopped and a woman got out,
‘out ofthe cat)
© T went o the window and looked out

bs

© ‘The bus arrived and I got on.

N mon

E

© Be carefull Dont fall off.

© The thiefran away. (07. ran off)

© Ann got into the car and drove away.
(or

‘drove off)

away (= in/to another place)
has gone away fora few days.

up down
1 4 | je | J = | Lil:

e He stood up and lef the won, + Would you like to sit down?

© usualy get up early. (= get out ofbed) | e The picture fell down,

© We looked up athe san. e Lie down on the floor.

away oo Ene back A

© We went out for dinner and then went
back to our hotel

© Go away and don't come back!

be back:

© Ann isaway. She'll be back on Monday.

round ae.

ny

. o shouted my n
round (oraround),

(© We went fora long walk. After six
turned round (oraround) and w

so Hooked

qu EEE) put on takeoff. gh veri 2) = EHE

li of ph vob = EIEN

m2

EXERCISES 107

Look te pictures and complete te sentences. Use the verbs in the st + in/autup et.
got got looked looked mode sat turned went

1 Lwent tothe window and looked. out. 5 I id hello and he
2 The door was open, so we 6 The bus stopped and she

3 He heard a plane, so he 7 There was five seat, so she
4 She gor on her bike and 8 A carstopped and two men

Complete the sentences. Use ouaway/back et.

1 "What happened to the picture on the wall?” SI fell dan

2 Please dont go 1 Stay here with me,

3 She heard a noise behind her, so she looked

4 l'm going now to do some shopping, TIL be at 5 o'clock.

5 I'm feeling very tired. Im going o lie ‘on the sof.

6 When you have read this page, turn and read the other side.

7 Jimi ftom Canada, He lives in London now but he wants to go to Canada,

8 We haven't got a key to the house,

9. Las very tired this morning. I couldn't

10 Ann is going on holiday next month. Sh
on the 24th

‘Complete the sentences. Use a ver from the box + omoflup te. I necessary, put he verb into the correct
form. allthese phrasal verbs (wake up et. are in Appendix6.

going on the Sth and coming

break A ge dv ke |; on/ofup/down/over
carry get hold speak wake id

1 E went to sleep at 10 o'clock and. woke. UP. at eight o'clock the next morning.
2 ‘estime to go! * minute, ln not rc

3 The tain and finally stopped.

4 Tike lying but l'm always nervous when the plane

5, How was your exam? How did you 9
6 Its difficule to hear you. Can you ai

7 This car sn very good. It has many times,

8 When babies try to walk, they sometimes

9 told him o stop but he Perhaps he didn't hear me.
10 Lied to find a job but 1 Te was imposible

123)

p24

108 put on your shoes put your shoes on

A

(phrasal verbs 2)

Sometimes phrasal verb (put on / take off et.) has an objas. For example

verb objet web objet

take off your shoes

4 y

You can say:
put on your coat
or put your coat on

but

put on your coat

y

take off your shoes
or take your shoes off

‘them (pronouns) always go before on/off ec
«it on (nr "put on it’)

take them off (nor ‘ake off them’)

© It was cold, so put on my coat.
(orl put my coat on)

+ Here’ your cout, Put it on.

© Lim going to take off my shoes
(ortake my shoes off)
© Your shoes are dirty. Take them off

‘aps ete)
light,

pick them up for me? fr
+ ope reading and put my book down, E
{orput down my book) ENS

bring back / take back / give back / put back:
© You can take my umbrella but please ‘tis
bring it back. YT
1 took my new sweater ©
shop. Ie was too small for mu
ve gor Diane’ keys. must
them back to her.
+1 read the letter and then put ua
inthe envelope, Le

o n/a os phrase 1) LEER more ph verte + object > E

EXERCISES
Look at he pictures. What did these people do?

A Neale

1 He laren the ht (OR tamed Lien) 4 She
2 She 5 He
3 He 6 She

You can write these sentences in thee diferent ways. Complete he table.

Teurned on the radio. tamed the radio on, Tamed it on.
He put on his jacket, He He
She She took her gases off

Pas down your pens.
‘They gave back the money.
Turned he lights off

‘Complete the sentences. Use one ofthe verbs in te ist» them,
bring pick switch take turn (+ on/of/up/back)

1 I wanted to watch something on television, so 1 burned. it on
2 [bought lamp but it doesnt work. I'm going to to the shop.

3 There were some gloves on the floor, so 1 and put them on the table,
4 When [finished working on the computer, I

5 Thank you for lending me these books. I won't forget to

‘Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes, Al these verbs are in Appendix 7.

yourcigaete ag we [ir up on away
pair ofshoes _ terhowses out down over round

“They knocked ten houses. down (OR dann ten houses) when they buil the new road

“That music i ery loud. Can you tura i down. 2

1 knocked and broke it

Lou want to know what a word means, you can look ina dictionary.
1 want to keep these magazines, Please don’ throw

Somebody gave me 3 form and told me o ill

Tried in he shop but dido buy them,
I visited the school, One ofthe teachers showed

“Do you play the piano? “No, I started to learn but | gave

10 You're nor allowed to smoke here, Pese put

month?

utr

108

pas]

unır

109

12201

and but or so because

‘and but or so became

We use these words (omjumtions) co join ©
from two shorter sentences

ences. They make one longer sentence

sentence A [The carstopped -

river got out) sentence B

The car stopped and the driver gor out

and/but/or

comence À sentence B

Wesuyedathome and (we)! watched television,
My sisteris married and — (she)! lives in London.

Is not necessary to repeat
and ‘she

He docsn’t like her and she doesn't ke h
Lboughe a newspaper bue I didn read it,

Les a nice house but it has gota gar
Do you want to goout oF are you too tired

Study these sentences. We use and between the lst two things:
© 1 got home, had something to eat, sat down in an armchair and fll asleep.

+ Aïn sat work, Sue has gone shopping and Chriss playing football.

80 (ie result of something)

Sentence A sentence B
lt was very hot, so [opened the window.
The water wasn't clean, so we didn't go swi

because (he reason for something)

sentence A semen B

opened the window because it was very hot.
We didn't go swimming because the water wasn't clean,
Tisaishungry because she didn't have breakfist.

Because is also posible at the beginning:
© Because the water wasn't clean, we didn't go swimming

In these examples there is more than one conjunction:
8 le was ate and I was tired, so I went to bed.
+ Lalways enjoy visiting London, butt wouldn't like to live there because is oo bi

swhen/ile/before et, =>

ur

EXERCISES 109

09.1 Wiite sentences. Choose from the boxes and use and/butor.

Faye home. didn’t have your number
Shall I wait here
Tali tread ie
anted to phone you 1 went by bus this morning.
{jumped into the river. watched television:
usually drive to work T swam to the other side
Do you want me to come with you? Hooked out
1 staged al home and. watched. television
2 bought: a newspaper but. | didn’t read, it
31
4
5
6
7

8.2 _Looka the pictures and complete the sentences. Use and/uso/because.

7 T = de

1 levas very hot, 5 he opened, the window
2 They didn't play tennis

3 They went to the museum
4 Bill wasn’ hungry,

5 Ann was late

6 Sue said

09.3 White sentences about what you di yesterday. Use andbut ec,
1 (and) Im Bhe evening I stayed, at home and. studied.
2 (because) 1 ment to bed. very early because | was tired.
5 thay)
4 (nd)
5 (o)
6 (because)

110 When

À Wien went out, le was raining.

This

has two parts:

par À .
when Lwent out

You can begin with part A or pare Bs
o { Pen E went out it was an
Te was raining when I went ou.

We write a comma () ifpart A (When
you tired, dont drive
| Dont drive when you tre.

is bofore part:

{Ann was very happy when she passed her exam.
| When Ana passed her exam she was very happy.
We do the same in sentences with before /while/after:
| Always look both ways before you cross the road.
| Before you cross the road, always look both ways.

[| While I was waiting for the bus, it began to rin.

® | tebegan to rain while I was waiting forthe bus

| He never played football again after he broke his leg.
® | After he broke his leg, he never played football aga

B When Tam... / When I go ... ei.

Next week Jl is going to New York, She has a friend, Tune
Barbara, who lives in New York but Barbara is ako

going away — to Mexico, So they won't meet in New
York.

Barbara will be in Mexico when jill isin New York.

‘The time is future (next week) but we sy
‘when Jills in New York. (ot ‘when Jil will be’)

‘We use the present (Lam / go etc) with future meaning after when
© When I get home this evening, I’m going to have a shower
(vot "When Iwill get home’)
+ [can’t talk to you now: PI talk o you later when I have more time

We do the same afer beforo/while/after/until:
© Please close the window before you go out. (no before you will go")
+ Juli is going to live in our fat while we are away. (no "while we wil be’)
e Til say here until you come back. (nor ‘until you will come back’)

(28) unit EDEN beforewnie/afer => [EJE isnt when = ETA

1101

1102

1104

+3 We must do somethi

nr

EXERCISES 11 0

‘Make sentences beginning with when. Choose fromthe boxes.

venant Tswvitched offthe TV
Ea red [always go o the same place
when + | phoned her à | there were no rooms
1 go on holiday esos mining
the programme ended there was no answer
arrived at the hotel ike to watch TV
1 When, went out, it mas raining,
2
3
4

6

‘Complete the sentences, Choose from the box.

somebody broke ino the house before they came here when they heard the news
while they were away they didn't believe me
they went to live in New Zealand

1 They looked both ways before they crossed. the, road.

2 They were very surprised

3 After they got married,

3 The leter arrived

5 Where did they live a ?
6 While they were asleep,

7 When Ltold them the news,

Which ight? Choose the correct form.

1 stay I'l stay here untl you come /yow'lkcome back. l'Lstay and you come are right.
2 Um going to bed when L finish my work.

5 Jitwill be too late.
3 Julai going away soon. I'm / Tbe very sad when she leaves / she'l lave
5 Dont go out yet. Wait until the ran stops / will top.
6 We come / We'll come and visit you whe welll be in England again,
7 When Leome
8
9

Ti come to see you tomorrow, Lbring / Fl bring the photographs.
Tim going to Paris next week. [hope to see some fiends of mine while Em / be there.
‘Don't forget to give me your address! ‘OK, Lgive / VI give it 0 you before Lgo / Tl go?

Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
1 Can you lose the window before You go cut. >
2 What ar you going to do when

3 When I have more time,

3 l'A vee for you while

5 When [start my new job,

6 Will you be here when ———

(229)

1230]

Ifwego... Ifyousee... etc.

Ei)
ae

‘Weill geeehere
more quickly
we goby tai,

us

fan be a he beginning ofa sentence or inthe middle
1F
Ie we go by bus, it will be cheaper.
nis the rain,
have something to ex.
Ifthe phone rings, can you answer it, pleas

at te beginning)

if. Gin he mie)
if we go by bus.
‘miss the train i you don’ hurry.
Tm going to the concert if can ger a ic

Do you mind if use your phone?

le will be cheaper

In conversation, we offen use the if pare ofthe sentence alone:
© “Are you going to the concert?” "Yes, if Tean get a ticket!

Ifyou see Ann tomorrow ... ec.

After if, we use the present (not will). We say: if you see... (not if you will se’)
© I£yow see Ann tomorrow: can you ask her to phone me?
+ IE Pm late this evening, dont wait for me. (not ‘if will be)
© What shall we do if ie rains? (not it will
© If] don’t feel well tomorrow Pl say at hon

ifand when

TEI go out = itis posible that L will go out, but I'm not sure
‘A: Are you going out later?
© Bs Perhaps. IF go out, ll close the window

When go out = I'm going out (or sure):
oing out later?
e Be Yes, Lam. When I go out, Ill close the window

When I get home this evening, I'm going to have a shower.
I'm late this evening, don’ wait for me. (wot "When Im late?)
We're going to play tennis if it doesnt ran. (not when it doesnt ran’)

when > ERI] if tha /itwe went. tc > EEL

11a

unr

EXERCISES 111

‘Make sentences beginning wi il. Choose from the boxes.

pres ‘we can ave lunch now
you pas the exam yon can have them
ou fil the exam 1 can lend you some

+, | vou dont want this magazine | , | soul geta certificate
Te | jou want those pieures | | yarikbeinte
Til ehrow ieaway

you're hungry ave can talk ter
you need money you can do it aa

1 ME you. don ary, you's be Late

2 you pas

5"

4

6

7

s

114

2 Will you wri if Lgive / VI give you my addres?
3 léthes be a fire, the alarm will ng.
4 11 don’ sce you tomorrow morning, [phone /Pll phone you in the evening.
5
6

Ten / Pl be surprised if Martin and Julia get / will get married
Do you go / Will you go to the party if they invite / they'll invite you?

Use your own ideas t complete these sentences.

1 I'm going tothe concert if L can get a ticket,
2 Ifyou don’t hurry .You miss the train.

3 1 dont want to go swimming if

4 Ifyou go to bed eaty tonight,
5 Turn the television offi.

6 Tina won't pass her exams if

7 LÉ have time tomorrow

8 We can goto the beach tomorrow if

Putin if or when,

1 6 1'm late this evening, don't wait for me.

2 Im going to do some shopping now. 1 come back, we can ha

3 Pm thinking of going to see Tim. 1 go, will you com

4 you dont want to go out tonight, we can say at home.

5 Do you mind 1 close the window?

6 John s sl at schoo. he leaves school, he wants to go to university.

7 Shall we have a picnic tomorrow. the weather is good?

8 Were going to Madrid next week. We haven' got anywhere o stay ~ we hope to find a hotel
‘we arrive. 1 don't know what well do. ‘we dont find anywhere

p31]

unr

112

(232)

If l had

Dan likes fast cas but he doesn have one, i 4
He doesn't have enough money. tad te | PPPs OS
fhe had the money, he would buy a fast car. Y À

Usually had is pas, bu in his sentence had is y
ot past. he had the money = ifhe had the

. Ifwe went... etc.

‘money now (but he does have it). m
7 Thad/Aanew/lived/went (ce) u. [1 ao [ey
you |didetthave/know’go (ue [you | outa") [$

1
i | was/were | PT LS
they ee | could... they te D dé

You can say:
e Ihe had che money, he would buy a car. (IP... atthe Boing)
or He would buy a carif he had the money. (.. if... in de middle)

TA / she'd / they'd exc = 1 would / she would / they would etc
© I dont know the answer. IE knew the answer, l' tell you,
© [eS ining so we're not going out. We'd get wer if we went out
© Jane lives in a city. She likes cities. She wouldn't be happy ifshe lived in the country.
Ifyou didn’t have a job, what would you do? (but you lave à job)
+ Pinsorry L'an help you. Pd help you if | could, (but ant)
© If we had à cat, we could travel more. (but we haven't got a car, so we ca travel much)

IC (1) was/were
You can say: if (/he/she/it) was or were
[rs cold, IFT were you, Pl put your coat on.
(orl L was you...)
+ les not à very nice place. I wouldn’e go there
EI was you. (or … if were you)
e It would be nice ifthe weather were (or was) better

Comp:
IFT have / Fit is ee if had / if ie was en.
© Imst go and see Ann, Je L muse go and see Ann,
TEL have time, I will go todıy IF had time, I would go today,
erhaps Ihave time, so perhaps VI go) don't have time today so will not go)
Like chat jacket. le Tike that jacket but is very expensive
PU bay i Fit isn’t 00 expensive TA buy ic if it wasn't so expensive

so I'm nor going o buy it)
Teould but I can

(= perhaps it will not be too expensive)
e l' help you if} can. (= perhaps can help)

a]

12.1

122

124

EXERCISES 112

Complete ie sentences.

1 I dont know the answer. 11 KM. the answer, el you.
2 Ihave a car. I couldn't travel very much if] did have car.

5 1 don't want to go out. IFT to go out, Td go,

4 We haven’ got a key. Ifwe ey, we could get into the house.

5 l'm noc hungey. 1 would have something to eat if hungry.

6 Sue enjoys her work, She wouldnt do i ifshe i

7 You can’t drive. I'you drive, I would lend you my ca.

8 He speaks too fast, 1 could understand him better ifhe ‘more slowly
9 Thave a lot to do today. 101 o much to do, we could go out.

Pate verbin he correct form.
1 Ihe had. che money, he would buy a fast car. (he/have)

2 Jane likes living n ac. Ste wouldn't be happy she lived in the country. (he/nor/bc)
3 Wi waned to learn Ian, totaly. (V0)

4 Uhaven'e old Ann what happened. She'd be angry if. e Ghe/know)
sr à map, | could show you where Live, (we/have)

6 What would you do if alotof money? (you/wi

7 Its mota very good hotel there if were you. (I/not/stay)
Sit ‘neater London, we would go there more often. (we/live)
9 Keka pity you have to go now. hice ifyou had more time. (t/be)
10 Vin not going to take the job. Pd take ii Deter. (the salary/be)

11 I don’t know anything about cars, If he car broke down,
what to do. (I/not/know)
12 Ifyou could change one d

‘Complete the sentences. Choose from th box nd put the verb inte correct form.

ngin the world, what * (you/change)

‘we (have) a bigger house (och) ie
we (buy) bigger house every day (be) the same I (be) bored
we (have) some pictures on the wall the ar (be) cleaner

1 Fi buy that jacker if ‚ib mas a Bib cheaper.
2 HFchere was good film on TV tonight,

3 This room would be nicerif

3 Ifthere wasn’t so much trafic,
5 Life would be boring if
6
7
8

IFT had nothing co do,
We could invi all our friends to say i
Ie had more money,

Complete the sentences. Use your own ideas,
1 Tago to the dentis if. had. a toothache.
IT could go anywhere in the world,

3 Lwwouldn' be very happy if
3 14 baya house if

5
6

IT saw an accident in the street,
‚The world would be a better place if

233]

a person who... a thing that/which ...
(relative clauses 1)

- 2 semences

she L who
1

T sentence =
Timer a woran wine can speak abr languages

Zim was wearing at Te was to big for im,

it > that orwhich

Y semen
Sim was wearing a hat that wa too big for hi

Jim wa wearing hat whlch was (00 big fr him

B wo frpcope ring)
A tief person | hoc hing:
Do you Eme aapbody | who can ay the piano?
‘The man | whe phoned di give hit name
The people | whe workin the ofice | every Fiend

Garcia peop

ine | that fies.
lives in a house | chat is 500 years old
“The people | that work in the office | are very friendly

‘You can use that for people, but who is more usual.

D which fr things o peopl)

An aeroplane isa machine | which fics, (nora machine who ...)
Emma lives in a house | which is 500 years old.

Do not use which for people:
e Do you remember the woman who was playing the piano atthe patty?

the woman which...)

[234] wo and which in quesione => [EEN the people we met (lave causes) => ISE

131

13.2

13.4

EXERCISES 13

(Choose from the boxes and write sentences: A. isa person who ....Use a dictionary if necessary.

hie ade doesnt tell the truth Slim hospital
butcher a fool looks after your teeth stealethings
a musician a genius is very intelligent is very stupid
‘patient alae plays a musical instrument sells meat

1 A thief is a person tho steals. things.
2 Abutcher isa person
3 A musician

Make one sentence from two,

1 (A man phoned, He id give his mame)
“The man who. phoned. didnt gue. his name,
2 {A woman opened the door. She was wearing yellow dress)
The woman à yellow des
3 Some studens ook the exam, Mos of them pased)
Mont ofthe student
4 (A policeman stopped our ar He was very Fendi)
The

Putin who or which.

1 meta woman AO. can speak ix languages.

2 Whats the name of the woman lives next door?
3 What’ the name of the river flows through the town?

4 Where isthe pictur ‘was hanging on the wall?

5 Do you know anybody wants to buy a car?

6 You always ak questions are dificue to answer

7 Lave a friend is very good at repairing cars

8 think everybody ‘went to che party enjoyed it very much
9 Why docs he always wear clothes are too small or him?

Fight or wrong? Correct the mistakes

1 A thieisa person(Which) steals things
2 An aeroplane fs machine that is ok
3 A coffee makers a machine who makes coffee

4 Have you seen the money that was on the table?

5 I don ike people which never stop talking.

6 know somebody that ean help yo

7 Uknow somebody who works in that shop.
8 Correct the sentences who are wrong,

a person who steals,

unır

114

1236]

the people we met the hotel you stayed at
(relative clauses 2)

The man is carrying bag,

a ES

“The bag (that hei crying very hos

1 sentence 4

Ann took some photographs.

A | 2m

Have you seen the photographs (that) Ann took?
a 1 sentence 3

You can say:
e The bag that he
e ... the photog

or The bag he is arrying ... (ath or without that)
y that Ann took? or... the photographs Ann took?

You do not need that/who/which when itis the objet:

ij | ver objet
The man | was carrying | a bag > the bag (chat) the man was carrying.
took some photographs |> the photographs (hat) Ann took
wanted |the book > the book (chat) you wanted
met some people | the people (who) we met

‘+ Did you find the book you wanted? (or .. the book that you wanted?)
The people we met were very nice, (or The people who we met...)
e Everything I said was rue, (or Everything that said...)

Note that we iy
+ The film we saw was very good. (not “The film we saw it was

Sometimes there isa preposition (to/in/at etc.) after the verb:
Jilis talking to a man. > Do you know the man Jills talking to?
Westayed at hotel. —> The hotel we stayed at was near the
1 told you about some books. —> ‘These ae the books I told you about
Note chat we say:
the books I told you about (no ‘the books told you about them’)

You can say: (a place) where
"© The hotel where we stayed was near the sation, (= The hotel we sayed at...)

‘You must use who/that/which when is the subject (= Unit 113):
© Emeta woman who can speak six languages. (who isthe subjea)
‘was wearing.a hat that was too big for him. (that i the suba)

person who th

hat/which (ive 1]

41

42

113

14.4

EXERCISES 114 4

Make one sentence from two.

1 (Ann took some photographs, Have you sen chem?)
‘fae qu are de Dopage rm tek?

2 (You gave me a pen, I've lost it)
Te lost the
3 (ue is wearing a jacket. | like ie)
Tike the
4 gave you some flowers. Where are they?)
Where are the 2
5 (He told usa story I didnt believe it)
1

(You bought some oranges. How much were they?)
How A

6

Make one sentence from two.

1 (as carrying bag. I was very heavy)
The bag | ws coming was very heavy,

2 (You cooked a meal twas excellent)
The

3 (Ci wearing shoes. They arent very comfortable)
“The shoes

4 (We invited some people to dinner. They didnt come)
The

Complete te sentences. Use the information in the box.

Tlooked ata map they live in a house you were looking for some keys
Twassitting on a chair we were waiting fora bus you spoke to some people

yorrstayedathotel Linda is dancing wich a man

1 What’ the name of 4e hotel you. stayed ab >

2 Who are the people 2
3 Did you find the - ;

4 The is t00 small for them.
5 The > wasn't very clear,

6 Léo.

7 ‘was very hate

8 Whois u E

ead th situations and complete the questions. Use. where …
1 John stayed a hotel, You ak him
Did you Hike Die hotel where you stayed?
2 Sue had dinner in a restaurant. You ask her:
‘Whats the name ofthe restaurant —
3 Sara lives in a village. You a her:

Do yor
4 Richard works in a factory. You ask him:
How big

37)

11

12

Appendix 1

Active and passive

Present and past
ave passive
present | We make batter from mi Bunter is made from milk,
simple | Somebody cleans these rooms every day. | These rooms are cleaned every day
People never invite me co parties Tam never invited to parties
How do they make butter? How is butter made?
past | Somebody stole my car hst week My car was stolen last week,
simple | Somebody stole my keysyestrdiy | My keys were stolen yesterday.
They didn't invite meto the party. | wasn’t invited to dhe party
When did they build these houses? | When were these houses built?
present | They are building a new airport atthe [Anew airport is being built tthe

“ont ns | moment. (= it isn finished)

"They are bui
near the river

ling some new houses

Some new houses are being built
near the river.

pat [When Las he
continuous | were building a new airport.
e was finished at that

)

à fe years ago, they

When I was here afew years ago, a
new airport was being built

=
ei

These shirts are cl
‘washed them.
Somebody has stolen my car

Look! They have painted the door.
Somebody has

Look! The door has been painted.
‘These shirts are clean, They have
been washed

My ca

has been stolen,

at pet Ann said that somebody had stolen her

‘Ana said that her car had been
stolen,

Will /can / must / have to ee

passive

‘Somebody will clean the office tomorrow.
Somebody must clean the office.
Think hey invite you to che party

‘You should wash this sweater by hand,
‘They are going to build a new airport,
Somebody has to wash these clothes,

They had to take the injured man to hospital

The office will be cleaned tomorrow
‘The office must be cleaned.

{think you'll be invited to the party
My watch can’ be repaired.

"This sweater should be washed by hand.

A new airport is going to be built.
‘These clothes have to be washed,
‘The injured man had to be taken to hospital

12391

Appendix 2 List of irregular verbs un.»
cs | [aise sun pati
4 sue een le les
te Bw pen E by
fecome brenme eme | | phe
ie pe began Me lu
ies we Bien me made
Siow ben tows = i
ek ee broke me
bronghe rouge | | pay a
to a pu E
Vous PPT
eue a Le
Shove Fe
E sa E =
dow de sa
ou Sank Pr pes
de dm ee de
= a dm hoe thor
a En Sow ome Shown
ta En Me de Sue
Mn Put = a ps
id Re = = =
y fw hp dm one
Rae get fangen | [pole plo te
= = = xi eet ent
m En Even Eu Hd Hoo
E Se one cr ele Holen
for gm pawn mn mm um
Es ns Bg me Son oe
kaa toch taught gi
te bed == cn
Mk Me a ‘sia ‘oid
te ie Wink thought thought
fo ia Grow threw throm
mt Bam undemend andemcod understood
BE kam ie Note een
Eo at sme
tele von vo
Cr De ue
romain
“Te flowing verb canbe regular ed) rieur (0)
Dre inp papa Tie pte ppp
ters ~~ brad aba team eared orleaet
dram dreamed rd src sted rset

pao

Appendix 3

past simple / past partiile are the same:

Irregular verbs in groups

pst simple / past partie ae dierent

Vf > con ] fe > tet Efira > beoke broken
an > ent I pue chooe > chose chosen
tie > hie 5 Sue pak > spoke spoken
hot > hart fel > stole Holen

(te > woke woken

2 fiend > tem | fine > Tost y
fend, 2 sent A TE
pend > mens Tile > got me re then
built > wie | [fie > Be en

Keep > kept ee Fe
ps hide Ha hidden
ña >
lee > = =
nest > a 38 =
man > mean imen/e forget > forgot forgotten
ee De given
tke > took taken
ising > browghe mous
fay" > bought bast
fhe > fought Joue lio + blew tem
think 3 mph 00/7 pe June
each > caughe Aot/* de Krew Brown
(ón ag or throw > threw own
= fy few Mom
iw arew drawn

Fifer seta show showed shown
> told
find >
fave > 5 [reg > began begun
ter > nk > arank drunk
i win > swam a
rad > ring > rang rung
sy > Sing Sag sung
far paid ES
Mike > made
Hand tod 6 [come > came come
Undentund > understwod [tome_>_became_become

* pronation

pay

41

Appendix 4 Short forms (he's / P'd / don’t etc.)

In spoken En,
writing this

ish we usually pronounce ‘Tam’ as one word. The shore form (Pm)

a vay of

lam > Pm
itis > ies
they have they've

ing
Yes, ls very nice!
“They've gone home:

When we write shor forms, we use? (an ops):
SS A

We use these forms with I/he/she et

am > m | Pm
> hes she’s is

> e we're you're they're

have > ve | Pve we've you've they've
has > % he's shes it’s

had" | TE hed she we'd you'd they

will | PH hell shell we'll you'll they'll

would > a | Ta hed she wed youd theyd

‘© Dive got some new shoes.
{© We'll probably go out this evening
e les 10 o'clock. You're late again.

82 is orhas:
© She's going out his ever
e She's gone out. (she's gon
YU = would orhad:
8 A: What would you like to cat?
B: Pa like a salad, please. (04 like = I would like)
+ Trold the police that Pe lost my passport (Vd lost = 1 had lost)

he is going)

he's goin
she has gone)

Do mot use "m/%/' ete, a the end of a sentence (> Unit 39):
(© Are you tied?” "Yes, Lam? (not Yes, Pm.)

We use short forms with 1/you/he/she ete, but you can use short forms (especially %) with
other words 100:

© Who's your fivourite singer? (= who is)

© Was the time? (= what is)

There big tee in the garden. (= there is)

‘+ My sisters working in London. (= my sister is worki

© Pauls gone out. (= Paul has gone ou)

‘+ What colour's your car? (= What colour is your ca

AA Negative shore forms (=> Unit 42):

ie (= isno) cane
are not) couldn't

was not) ‘won't

(were not) wouldn't

has not) shouldn’t

have not) mustn't

hadn't (= had not) needn't

canon)
could non)
will no)
would not)
should not)
ruse not)
need non)

to her house but she wasn’t at home
“don’t know. haven'e seen him:
{You work all he time. You shouldn’e work so hard.
e 1won’t be here tomornow. (= 1 will not)

45. (opostrphe +3)

28 can mean different things:

(1) = is orhas (= section 4.2 ofthis appendis)
() lets = let us (> Unie 52)
‘© The weather is nice. Let's go out. (= Let us go out)

(9) Ann's came
( his/her office ete. (> Unit 63)

Compare
(© Anos camera was very expensive. (Ans cam
e Ann à very good photographer. (Anns
© Ames got anew camera, (Ann's got

er camera) / my brothers car (= his car) / the manager's office

121

54

es

Appendix5 Spelling

Words + sand es (irds/atches ec)

‘ows + s (pla) (> Unit 65)
bird birds snstake > mistakes
surb + he/she its) (> Unie)
‘hink thinks live lives

hotel hotels

member -> remembers

bu

“Fes affer-s/-sh / -ch / x:
bus buses pass passes
dish > dishes wash > washes
watch watches teach cachos
box > boxes

address — addresses
finish > finishes
Sandwich sandwiches

alo
potato potatoes tomato => tomatoes
do does o> goes

Ade es

shelf>shelves _ knife — knives

but root — roofs

Words endingin -y (baby => babies / study > std

ied ec)

74 o
study = studios (not sud) |
sory sors city cities |
uy > ties marry > marsies

y ed (= Unit 11)
study > studied (nor sudyed)
ty tried marty > married

ts 86 and 89):

at (not “casyer/easyest)

y ier/ est (>
easy > easer/exsi

happy happy lucky => luckily

family > families (not familys)
baby — babies.
fly fes

copy > copied

heavy > heavily

y does not change
holiday => holidays (or "holidaies)
enjoy > enjoys/enjoyed

bu
say > said

Day paid (mgular ver)

stay > stays/stayed

‘he ending is -ay/-ey/-0y/-ay:

bay buys key keys

‘Verbs chat end in .e (make Avrite/drive eta) > ing:
make making write > wriing come -> coming

‘Verbs that end à
lie > lying

> ing
le > dying

tie > tying

dance > dancing.

stop > stopped, big — bigger et

Vowels and consonants:

Vimeo: a €
Consonant tent De d

Feklmnprsewy

Sometimes word ends in a vue +a consonant, For example: stop, bi

Before -ing/-ed/~er/-est, the consonantat the end (-p/-g/-t ete) is doubled' (Pp-/-gg-/-- te)

For example
WC

“op STOP ppp stopping stopped
rm RUN nom running
get SET toe getting

SWE Mom mm svimmi
i BIG gg bigger biggest
ho HOT toe hotter hottest
thin THE N mn thinner times

V= vowel
C= consonant

“This docs not happen
(0) ifthe word ends in nv consonant letters (C + C):

cre
help HEL P helping helped
work WOR K working worked
As FAS T ter ste

VHC

d NEED needi needed
wat WAT T waiting waited
cheap CHE A P cheaper cheapest

(2) ifthe word ends in two vowel letters + consonant letter (V + V + C)

(9) ie longer words (wo syllables or more) ifthe lst part ofthe word is not stressed

happen

HAP. pen

>, happening/happened (not happened’)
> visitng/vsited

remember re-MEM-ber > remembering/temembered
but prefer pre-FER ress at the end) > preferring/preferred
begin be-GIN (sess atthe end) — beginning

(8) ite word ends in -y or-w. (Atte end of words, y and ware not consonants)

enjoy > enjoy

ng/enjoyed

‘sow /snowing

‘owed

ew /fewer/fewest

pas

Appendix 6 Phrasal verbs (look out / take off etc.)

‘This isa list ofsome important phrasal verbs (=> Unit 107)

ar com +

fn!) come on = be quick / hury
"© Come on! Everybody $ waiting for you.

ut} look out / watch out
Look out! Ther

nimute? (= can you wait)

‘carry on = continue:
"e Dont stop working. Carry on.

continue working)

& Don't stop here. Drive on.

‘get on = manage (in ajob, at school, in an exam et
‘à How are you getting on in your new job? (= are you doing OK)

(BA) take off= leave the ground fr plan:
‘8 The plane took off 20
but nde on ie

tslate Tax ovr

Hpi] wake up = top seeping:
+ fin wake up in dh

dale ofthe nicht

speak up = speak more loudly:
1 Ten’ hear you. Can you speak up bit?

up = do something more quickly
"© Hurry up! We haven got much time,

wash up = was the plates ete aera mel

+ Do you want me o wash up?
(or todo the washingp2)
row up = become an adult

"à What does your son want 0 do when he grows up?

give up = sop trying
know ts dial but don’ give up.

(down) low down = go more low:
You're diving to fst. Slow down,

break down = stop working for cm machines)

Foes ents Ua fire i ENT

e Lal over becuse

1246]

Appendix 7 Phrasal verbs + object
(fill in a form / put out a fire etc.)

his is ist of some important phrasal verbs + object (=> Unit 108)

in) im (form) = complete (a form)

you Gil inthis form, pleas? pray

brigade arivedand put the fre out, SERRE rer our
(misake /a word ete} Moe
+ jon make amie, eros ft out A
1 shop Tis nice jacket. Sa ty fe on?
up ha you do:

years ago. (= hestopped smoking)
No. gave ie up.

ing me up ist night. (bo ‘Sue rang me list night” without op

Look up (a wort in dictionary ete):
© Iie know the meaning ofthe word, so looked i up in a dictionary.

nake louder (FV, radio, music et.)

you turn the radio up? I can heart

own) knock down (building) = demolish
"$. Theyre going toknock down theschool fi
and builda new one #

urn down = make more quiet (TV, radio, music et)
an you turn it down?

ont want)

apples are Dad. Shall | throw them away? Da
‘throw away that picture. I want i & 4
put away = put something in the place where you usually keep it Fi

8° "After they finshed playing the children put dheir toys away.

ney that you borowed)

Back, pay somebody back (m
D ing me the money. ll pay you back next week

you fr len

shes.

“aer! knock over (3 cup / à gas /a person ct): kxock
careful Don't knock your cup over. OVER
© There was an accident at the end ofthe

road: A man was knocked over by a cat.
(or A man wat knocked down by scar) 7

in) show (somebody round/around = take somebody ona sour ofa pace:
around. © We visited fictory lst week. The manager showed us round.

pa

Additional exercises

List of exercises

12 2}
À [==]
$7 am/iv/are and have (got) SES
$9 ominous and present simple EEE
10-13 pastsimple
1 dpa continicns feina]
5 and past CN
16-18 [on]
19.22 presen perfect and past simple [aia]
2 pas and present perece
2427 fa]
> [oa]
» present and fre CEE
30 and infinitive DEEE
3132 and the

33 prpostions CA
amvis/are

1. Witesentencesforthe pictures, Use the words in he boxes + is Vare/aren'l.

‘on the able 1
2

asleep 3

open 4

full 5

The books nearthe station | 6
‘The hotel a doctor 7
The bus happy D

pas

Essential grammar in use (with answers)

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Essential grammar in use (with answers)

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