Ethics for Tvet Nursing students level 3

Ethics

1. RIFT VALLEY UNIVERSITY, NURSING DEPARTMENT PROVIDE MOTIVATED, COMPETENT, AND COMPASSIONATE CARING SERVICE BY: BEKARADEM (LECTURER) Asella, Ethiopia January,2024 RIFT VALLEY UNIVERSITY YUNIVARSIITII RIIVITI VALLEY ሪፍት ቫሊ ዩኒቨርሲቲ 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 1

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of the module the learner will be able to: Apply professionalism and ethical practice Apply humanistic care to clients Demonstrate effective health care communication Provide respectful care for clients Perform with legal and ethical framework Provide motivated and competent service 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 2

3. Definition of nursing Different people have defined nursing differently . Nursing is a disciplined profession involved in the delivery of health care to the society. Also, it is: a helping profession. service-oriented to maintain health and well-being of people. an art and a science. NURSE - originated from a Latin word NUTRIX, to nourish. 3 BY:-BEKAR.A 1/14/2024

4. The practice of nursing is defined as diagnosing and treating human response to actual or potential health problems Nursing is a humanistic science dedicated to compassionate concern with: maintaining and promoting health , preventing illness and caring for and rehabilitating the sick and disabled 4 BY:-BEKAR.A 1/14/2024

5. Ethics and Legal aspect of Nursing Ethics is derived from the Greek word ethos , meaning custom or character. is the branch of philosophy dealing with standards of conduct and moral judgment System dealing with professional standards of behavior or Philosophical ideals of what ought to be, what is “right” or “wrong”, “good” or “bad” behavior. 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 5

6. Ethics: refer to the series of rules provided to an individual by an external source. e.g. their profession. It is concerned about right versus wrong conduct Ethics comes from people’s awareness of what is right and wrong. 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 6

7. Ethics refers to the practices or beliefs of a certain group e.g . Nursing ethics, Physicians' ethics It also refers to the expected standards as described in the group's code of professional conduct. 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 7

8. It is professionally and publicly stated Nurses have a duty to practice ethically and morally right ways Not a religion, not law , but both of these can be the basis of ethical decisions that you make. 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 8

9. Ethics and Morals both relate to ―right‖ and ― wrong conduct . Morals refer to an individual’s own principles regarding right and wrong. Individual own ethical principles gain knowledge from people’s awareness of what is right and wrong Laws are rules developed by governments in order to provide balance in society and protection to its citizens. Laws are enforced by governments to its people 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 9

10. personal and professional ethics Personal Ethics refers to personal morals and code of conduct. Personal Ethics includes your personal morals and values gaining from your society. Professional ethics are principles that govern the behavior of a person or group in a working environment. 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 10

11. Why professional values are important? Better work ethics Professional look Accountability Responsibility Quality work standard Portray a professional image through reliability, 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 11

12. A cceptable characteristics of health professional? Avoid harm. harm" means negative consequences, especially when those consequences are significant and unjust. Be honest and trustworthy. Be fair and take action not to discriminate. Respect the work required to produce new ideas, inventions, creative works ,. Respect privacy. Honor confidentiality Be accountable for their actions. 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 12

13. professional code of conduct A professional code of conduct is a document that explains to employees how they are expected to act on behalf of their company Day to Day practice of health care professional involves basically in four areas: Promoting health and wellness , Preventing illness , Restoring health and Care of the dying 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 13

14. Elements of professional Essential elements of professional behavior include knowledge and skills about a field. communication and relationship skills . work ethic, and professional ethics. 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 14

15. Professional Professional : someone who does a job that requires special training, education, or skill Professional value is a generic term for principles that are major and unique to practicing a profession. In simple words, they are the guiding beliefs and principles that influence our work behavior (profession). 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 15

16. Types of Ethics Descriptive : It is the description of the values and beliefs of various cultural, religious or social groups about health and illness. Normative : a study of human activities in a broad sense in an attempt to identify human actions that are right or wrong and good and bad qualities. Analytical : analyzes the meaning of moral terms. It seeks the reasons why these action or attitudes are either wrong or right 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 16

17. Common Ethical theories There are four ethical theories: Deontology Teleology Intuitionism The ethics of caring 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 17

18. 1. Deontology (Duty or rule-Based theory) This theory proposes that the rightness or wrongness of an action depends on the nature of the act rather than its consequences. This theory holds that you are acting Rightly when you act according to duties and rights . The theory denotes that duties and rights are the correct measuring roads for evaluating action 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 18

19. System of ethical decision making that is based on moral rules and unchanging principles. Based on the ethical absoluteness of principles regardless of the consequence of the decisions . E.g. Human life has value. One is always to tell the truth. The human person has a right to self determination. 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 19

20. 2. Teleology (utilitarian or end based theory, situation based) This theory looks to the consequences of an action in judging whether that action is right or wrong . According to the utilitarian school of thought right action is that which has greatest utility or usefulness. Utilitarian hold that no action in itself is good or bad, the only factors that make actions good or bad are the outcomes, or end results that are derived from them. 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 20

21. Types of Utilitarian Theories Act utilitarianism : suggests that people choose actions that will in any given circumstances increase the over all-good . Rule utilitarianism : suggests that people choose rules that when followed consistently will maximize the over all good Can be summarized by two principles; The greatest good for the greatest number. The end justifies the means 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 21

22. Cont. … Consequentialism; The rightness and wrongness of acts depends entirely on the goodness and badness of their consequence. It is based on principles of Beneficence /Non-maleficence/. Non-consequentialism; That follows principles of justice, autonomy, veracity, fidelity, and sanctity of human life . 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 22

23. 3 . Intuitions The notion that people inherently/innately know what is right or wrong; determining what is not a matter of rational thought or learning. 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 23

24. 4. The ethic of caring (case based theory) Unlike the preceding theories which are based on the concept of fairness (justice) an ethical caring is based on relationships . It stresses courage, generosity, commitment, and responsibility. Caring is a force for protecting and enhancing client dignity. 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 24

25. Ethical Principles Ethical principles presuppose that nurses should respect the value and uniqueness of persons and consider others to be worthy of high regard. These principles are tents/shelters that are important to uphold in all situations. The major principles of ethics are: Autonomy Beneficence Non-maleficence Justice, Fidelity, Veracity, Rules…. 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 25

26. 1. Autonomy Autonomy is the promotion of independent choice, self-determination and freedom of action. Autonomy means independence and ability to be self-directed in healthcare. It means clients are entitled to make decision about what will happen to their body 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 26

27. Autonomy cont’ The term autonomy implies four basic elements The autonomous person is respected The autonomous person must be able to determine personal goals The person must be able to understand the meaning of the choice to be made and deliberate/careful on the various options. The autonomous person has the freedom to act upon the choices. 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 27

28. Autonomy cont’. … Infants , young children , mentally handicapped or incapacitated people, or comatose patient do not have the capacity to participate in decision making about their health care. 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 28

29. Autonomy cont’ Autonomy of clients is more discussed in terms of larger issues such as: Informed consent paternalism compliance and self-determination . 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 29

30. Autonomy cont’ Informed consent : is a process by which patients are informed of the possible outcomes, alternatives and risks of treatments. Paternalism : Restricting others autonomy to protect from perceived or anticipated harm. T he prevention of any evil or harm is greater than any potential evils caused by the interference of the individual’s autonomy or liberty. 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 30

31. Autonomy cont’ Paternalism is appropriate when the patient is judged to be incompetent or to have diminished decision-making capacity Non-compliance : Unwillingness of the patient to participate in health care activities. Lack of participation in a regimen that has been planned by the health care professionals . 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 31

32. 2. Beneficence Beneficence is doing or promoting good . This principle is the basis for all health care providers. Nurses take beneficent actions when they administer pain medication, perform a dressing to promote wound healing . It lays the groundwork for the trust that society places in the nursing profession, in particular nurses or health care agencies. 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 32

33. Beneficence cont’ The principle of beneficence has three components: Promote good Prevent harm Remove evil or harm 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 33

34. 3. Non-maleficence Non-maleficence is the converse of beneficence. It means to avoid doing harm . It is to avoid causing deliberate harm , risk of harm and harm that occurs during the performance of beneficial acts 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 34

35. 4. Justice Justice is fair , equitable and appropriate treatment. It is the basis for the obligation to treat all clients in an equal and fair way. Treatment of the same case equally 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 35

36. 5. Veracity Veracity means telling the truth , which is essential to the integrity of the client-provider relationship Legally, this requirement applies to HPs and others, who have access to information about patients, and continues after the patient’s death. 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 36

37. 6. Fidelity Fidelity means being faithful to one's commitments and promises . Nurses’ commitments to clients include providing safe care and maintaining competence in nursing practice. Fidelity means not only keeping commitment but also keeping or maintaining our obligation . 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 37

38. 7. Confidentiality Confidentiality is non-disclosure of private or secret information with which one is entrusted The nurse uses professional judgment regarding the necessity to disclose particular details , giving due consideration to the interests , wellbeing and safety of the patient and recognizing that the nurse is required by law to disclose certain information 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 38

39. 8. Rules The principles of health care ethics must be upheld in all situations. Rules are guidelines for the relationship between clients and health care Providers 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 39

40. 1/14/2024 BY:-BEKAR.A 40 THANK YOU ALL !!!! !!!