Ethics Test.pptxCognitive Perspective in Psychology 🌍 Basic Idea The Cognitive Perspective focuses on how people think, perceive, remember, and learn. It studies mental processes — how the mind works like a computer that processes information. --- 🧩

Ethical issues

1. The main purpose of ethics in psychology is to: a) Maintain psychologists’ reputation b) Protect the dignity and welfare of individuals c) Make psychology a more scientific subject d) Ensure research results are published

2. Which statement best describes an ethical issue ? a) A professional mistake b) A situation involving two competing moral principles c) A research method problem d) A client’s misunderstanding

3. When a therapist in Lahore refuses to treat a Hindu client, which ethical principle is violated? a) Integrity b) Fidelity c) Justice d) Beneficence

4. A researcher deliberately hides participants’ names in the report to protect identity. Which ethical guideline is applied? a) Informed consent b) Debriefing c) Confidentiality d) Integrity

5. Which of the following best shows Nonmaleficence ? a) Providing free therapy to trauma victims b) Avoiding any act that might cause harm c) Collecting data ethically d) Using informed consent forms

6. The Stanford Prison Experiment is often cited because it violated: a) Informed consent b) Debriefing c) No Harm principle d) Privacy principle

7. According to the BPS Code, the principle of Responsibility involves: a) Taking ownership of one’s professional actions b) Maintaining confidentiality only in research c) Showing care and empathy toward clients d) Avoiding all dual relationships

8. Which option best explains Responsible Caring (Canadian Code)? a) Doing good and avoiding harm with proper training b) Showing affection toward all clients c) Being sympathetic but untrained d) Respecting dignity without confidentiality

9. A core argument for the necessity of a formalized ethical code in psychology, as opposed to relying on individual moral judgment, is that: a) Personal morals are insufficient for navigating conflicts between professional duties. b) Most psychologists do not have a personal moral compass. c) It standardizes punishment for legal offenses. d) It ensures all psychologists hold the same religious values.

10. A school psychologist is also a certified family therapist. The parents of a child he is assessing ask him to provide couples therapy for them. The primary ethical concern in accepting this request is: a) Competence, as he may not be an expert in adult therapy. b) Financial, as it could lead to a conflict over fees. c) A multiple relationship that could impair his objectivity and effectiveness. d) Confidentiality, as he would not know what information to share between sessions.

11. Scenario 1 – Competence A BS psychology student starts giving “depression therapy” on social media without formal training. Discuss the ethical issues and potential harm involved.

12. Scenario 2 – Research Consent You are doing a study with children. Parents consent, but the child looks scared and refuses. Should you proceed? Which ethical concept applies?

13. Scenario 3 Cultural vs. Ethical Dilemma: A conservative family asks you to share their daughter’s therapy details “for her safety.” How do you maintain respect for culture and confidentiality at the same time?

14. Scenario 4: The Rural Research Project A research team from Islamabad is conducting a study on post-traumatic stress in a remote village in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. To avoid "response bias," they tell participants they are studying "general community well-being." The interview includes graphic questions about past traumatic events. Several participants become visibly distressed, but the researchers continue, feeling the data is too valuable to lose. One participant, an elderly woman, asks if she can stop, but the researcher gently urges her to continue "for the good of the community."

15. Questions: 1. List at least three ethical violations in this research design and conduct. 2. Which ethical principles (from APA, BPS, or Canadian Code) were most clearly violated? Explain how. 3. How should this research project have been designed and conducted ethically?