Ethnobotany

Ethnobotany introduction, ethnobotany definition, divisions of ethnobotany, Tribes of south india, Methodology in ethnobotany , ethnobotany in human welfare

1. Ethnobotany Definition, Sub-division, Methodology, Major tribes in South india, Ethnobotany in human welfare NIPUN GOVIND .T 2 nd M.Sc BOTANY NGM COLLEGE POLLACHI

2. ETHNOBOTANY The term ethnobotany comes from the Greek: ethno-cultural groups of people, - ology- the study of, and botany- the study of plants. Ethnobotany is the scientific study of the relationships that exist between people and plants. It does not just describe the use of plants but locates plants within their cultural context in particular societies, and situates peoples within their ecological contexts.

3. ETHNOBOTANY Ethnobotany is a branch of ethnobiology, the study of past and present interrelationships between human cultures and the plants, animals and other organisms in their environment. It makes apparent connection between human cultural practices and the sub-disciplines of biology The term ethnobotany was first used by the US botanist John William Harshberger in 1895 but its roots extend back at least two thousand years, to Greek, Roman and pre-Islamic sources

4. BRANCHES OF ETHNOBOTANY ETHNO ALGOLOGY- Deals with ethnobotanical study of algae.
ETHNO MYCOLOGY- Deals with the use of fungi as food, medicine, etc by human societies.
ETHNO BRYOLOGY – Deals with study of bryophytes.
ETHNO PTERIDOLOGY - Deals with ethnobotanical study of pteridophytes.
ETHNO LICHENOLOGY - Deals with ethnobotanical study of lichens.

5. ETHNO TAXONOMY – Deals with naming and classification of plants, animals by human societies in their language.
ETHNO PALEOBOTANY – Deals with identification of fossilized plant materials. ETHNO ETYMOLOGY – Deals with the science of naming plants.
ETHNO AGRICULTURE – Deals with the origin of agriculture, in a society. ETHNO ECOLOGY – Deals with the study of the past and present inter-relationships between human societies and their living and non-living environment.

6. ETHNO ARCHAEOLOGY – Study of ethnobotanical aspects of archaeological sites.
ETHNO METEOROLOGY- Deals with practices about meteorological phenomena among ethnic groups.
ETHNO COSMETICS – Deals with materials used by ethnic groups, for beautification.
ETHNO DIETETICS – Deals with relations with consumption and nutritive value of food.
ETHNO MUSICOLOGY – Deals with the study of the music of tribals and its contents.

7. ETHNO TOXICOLOGY – Deals with the use of toxic plants as a poison in human societies.
ETHNO PHARMACOLOGY- Deals with identification, description, investigations of ingredients that are used in different recipes prepared by aborigines.
ETHNO ORTHOPAEDICS – Deals with concepts and practices for the healing of bones.
ETHNO GYNAECOLOGY – Deals with diseases of women in tribal societies. ETHNO LINGUISTIC – Deals with the study of languages among ethnic groups.

8. ETHNO NARCOTICS – Deals with the study of the use of narcotics among primitive societies.
ETHNO MEDICINE – Deals with medicine derived from plants and animals.
ETHNO AGRONOMY – Deals with agricultural practices.
ETHNO ARCHAEOBOTANY – Deals with aspects of archaeological sites and monuments.
ETHNO HORTICULTURE – Deals with the raising of horticultural plants for ornamental use and as vegetables and its.

9. METHODOLOGY IN ETHNOBOTANY CHOOSING AN APPROACH When designing an ethnobotanical project, it is important to define what you wish to achieve and then to select the approach which best suits your interests, budget and schedule.

10. RAPID ETHNOBOTANICAL APPRAISAL Gathering data on minor forest products for an environmental impact statement, making a preliminary list of biological resources at sites that have been set aside as protected areas or simply conducting an initial ethnobotanical inventory in several communities in order to decide where it would be most interesting to carry out long-term research. . Prepare yourself before fieldwork. . Form a multidisciplinary team. . Ensure community participation. . Be selective in your choice of techniques. . Do everything systematically.

11. PLANNING A LONG TERM PROJECT After you carry out a rapid appraisal, you may decide to continue research for a few weeks, a season or several years during which you will be able to apply more rigorous research methods. A longer period in the field will allow you to work with local people to record ecological knowledge in a variety of social contexts, including community festivals, ritual occasions and seasonal farming activities.

12. DESCRIBING THE FIELD SITE When you decide to carry out long-term research in an area, You should consult secondary sources such as ethnographies, maps and geographical accounts to describe the land, local people and conservation status of the region where you will be working.

13. Ethnobotanical data It refers to the broad range of information we collect on how local people interact with the natural environment. The steps are -Compiling a data set
-Organizing the data -Protecting data -Analyzing the data -Presenting the data

14. MAJOR TRIBES IN SOUTH INDIA Aranadans Cholanaikkans Irulas Kadar Kani Kattunaikkans Koragas Kodas Kudiyas Kurichiyas Kurumars kurumbans Malampandaram Malappulayans Malavedans Malankuravas

15. Malasar Malayans Malayarayans Mannan Muthuvans Mudugar Paniyars Ulladars Urali

16. This is one of the largest tribes in Kerala. They are largely spotted in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. They are known to be expert in catching rats and snakes. They are believed to be familiar with the black magic. They worship their own deities, although most of them regard themselves as Hindus. IRULAS

17. ETHNOBOTANY IN HUMAN WELFARE The ethno-botanical information reveals that plant species are widely used throughout the world for different purposes like for instance medicine, edible fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, fencing, fuel wood, timber wood, fodder, agricultural tools and structural materials etc. Whereby all the growth forms like herbs, shrubs, trees, climbers, epiphytes and trailers plays their role.

18. Recent researches on Ethnobotany have today established linkage between many special areas like Ethnomedicine Ethnopharmacology Ethnoveterinary Ethnonarcotics Ethnobryology Ethnocosmetic etc

19. Nonetheless, the most important concern is that most plant species due to their dire need, improper collection, overgrazing, deforestation, pollution and other anthropogenic influences are proceeding towards the door steps of IUCN categories. For example, some of the very important and precious medicinal plants like Valeriana jatamansi, Acorus calamus, Podophyllum hexandrum and Poeonia emodi are threatened due to their unwise collection by the residents for medicinal purposes.

20. REFERENCES Jain S.K. Mudgal V. 1999. A Handbook of Ethnobotany Martin, Gary J.. Ethnobotany : A Methods Manual, Taylor & Francis Group, 2004. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://kirtads.kerala.gov.in/tribals-in-kerala/ https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/the-role-of-plants-in-human-welfare.php?aid=87518

21. THANKS