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Diploma civil

1. Concept Of 4r’s And Importance Of Public Awareness By Anumitha , Guest Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Email : [email protected] Phone no: 8900933947

2. Concept Of 4r’s 4R Principle is the widely used principle in solid waste management and it depicts: Reduce Reuse Recycle Restore

3. Importance of the 4R Principle a. To utilize the waste materials.   b. To maintain environmental health.   c. To minimize land and water pollution.   d. To reduce consumption of needless items. e. To promote the use of degradable products.   f. To utilize any products to its maximum life.

4. 1. Reduce It includes all the activities which reduce the generation of solid waste in the environment. We should always try to minimize the unnecessary use of artificial things or products in our daily life . Part of throwing away less is buying less, and being more mindful as a consumer. We can reduce the solid waste in our community by considering the followings points:   1. We should choose durable items while buying . 2. We should change our habit of using things i.e. use washable clothes napkins instead of napkins paper.   

5. Contd .. 3. Use washable containers for lunches & sacks instead of using non-reusable plastic bags . 4. We should buy recycled products.   5. It is better to use cotton bags for shopping.   6. Print on both sides of a paper so that we can reduce waste production (for public awareness )   7. Warning sign should be printed on products showing the disposal method.

6. 2. Reuse The usage of any product itself without changing its f orm and composition is called Reuse . Reusing products not only contribute to the protection of nature but also saves our money. We can reuse solid waste by considering the following points : 1. Use reusable plastic bags or cotton bags for shopping . 2. Use & reuse cotton diapers instead of disposable ones 3. We should donate our old clothes & other items to charitable organizations . 4. Use plastic gallons to store water & oil . 5. Use the old books, of DVD’s & CD’s, etc . 6. Buy a rechargeable battery. 7. Reuse electronics devices after repairing.

7. 3. Recycle Recycle means re-covering a previously used object and giving it a second life. The use of waste by processing & modifying into another form is called recycling. It is done when it is not possible to reuse and reduce . Paper & cardboard, glass, metal, debris from construction & demolition etc . can also be recycled and used again .   For Eg : a. Paper is recycled to cardboard, toilet paper, tissue paper, etc . b. The newspaper is recycled to egg cartons, shoe boxes, etc.

8. 4. Recover Most of the materials thrown in the garbage can be used & processed in ways other than being destroyed .   For eg :   a . Methane gas can be recovered from decomposing organic matters .   b . If there is still plastic waste left over after being reduced, reused, and recycled, it can be used to make energy. It is the process to convert waste product into the resources (such as fuel, heat etc.) through biological means.

9. NEED FOR PUBLIC AWARENESS It is essential to make the public aware of the formidable consequences of the Environmental Degradation. We are facing various environmental challenges. It is essential to get the country acquainted with these challenges so that their acts may be eco-friendly.

10. Some of these challenges are as under : 1. Growing Population : A population of over thousands of millions is growing at 2.11 per cent every year. Hence, the greatest challenge before us is to limit the population growth. Although population control does automatically lead to development, yet the development leads to a decrease in population growth rates. 2. Poverty : India has often been described a rich land with poor people. Environment degradation has adversely affected the poor who depend upon the resources of their immediate surroundings .

11. 3. Agricultural Growth : The people must be acquainted with the methods to sustain and increase agricultural growth with damaging the environment. High yielding varieties have caused soil salinity and damage to physical structure of soil. 4. Need to Ground water: It is essential to rationalize the use of groundwater. Factors like community wastes, pesticides etc. have polluted our surface water and affected quality of the groundwater. It is essential to restore the water quality of our rivers and other water bodies as lakes is an important challenge.

12. 5. Development And Forests : Forests serve catchments for the rivers. Forests in India have been shrinking for several centuries owing to pressures of agriculture and other uses. The strategies for the joint management of forests should be evolved in a well planned way. 6. Reorientation of Institutions : The change has to be brought in keeping in view India’s traditions for resources use managements and education etc. Change should be brought in education, in attitudes, in administrative procedures and in institutions. Because it affects the way people view technology resources and development.

13. 7 . Reduction of Genetic Diversity : Proper measures to conserve genetic diversity need to be taken. At present most wild genetic stocks have been disappearing from nature. Wilding including the Asiatic Lion are facing problem of loss of genetic diversity. The protected areas network like sanctuaries, national parks, biosphere reserves are isolating populations. 8. Evil Consequences of Urbanisation : Nearly 27 per cent Indians live in urban areas. Urbanization and industrialization has given birth to a great number of environmental problem that need urgent attention. Hence, coping with rapid urbanization is a major challenge.

14. 9. Air and water Population : Majority of our industrial plants are using outdated and population technologies. Acts are enforced in the country, but their implement is not so easy. The reason is their implementation needs great resources, technical expertise, political and social will. Again the people are to be made aware of these rules. Their support is indispensable to implement these rules. THE END…