Exercise physiology

in this slide i have tried to explain the possible physiological changes occurring in our body during exercise

1. physiology of exercise By Sriloy Mohanty BNYS, S-VYASA

2. Contents… Introduction Definition Exercise Rules of exercise Physiological response to exercise Effects on heart Cardiac output Effects on lungs Changes in the blood Blood pressure Blood volume Effect on muscle Effect on elimination Precaution of exercise Purpose of exercise Research Rest and relaxation References

3. INTRODUCTION… In ancient world, every individual had hard work associated with his profession Which is lacking in modern world and hence inculcating a definite time and regular exercise to be a part of our life style is a must

4. DEFINITION… Exercise Physiology is the description and explanation of functional changes brought about by single or repeated exercise sessions

5. exercise Exercise is the repeated rhythmic movements given to body parts to keep it healthy and develop the body parts

6. Exercise (cont…)

7. According to physiology, there are 3 types of exercises ;- Mild : minimum or no cardiovascular change. Ex : Walking Moderate : No exertion but some cardiovascular changes can seen Ex : Jogging Severe : Complete exertion Ex : Swimming STAGES (SEVERITY) OF EXERCISE

8. Empty stomach i.e., 3 to 4 hours after food Bowel and bladder should be evacuated Adequate rest in between and after is must Bath after exercise is compulsory Water should not be taken in between exercises Food should not be taken during exercise Very vigorous exercise should be avoided Proper timing should be followed Regularity of exercise gives better results RULES OF EXERCISE

9. Wrong practice and procedure For Ex: Weight training exercises should be done carefully and slowly Muscles should not be worked to fatigue Irregularity and discontinuation of exercises leads to problems Not following the rules of exercise properly leads to disadvantages But when exercise are practiced properly and systematically and correctly, no exercise is harmful or disadvantageous PRECAUTIONS FOR EXERCISE

10. The body becomes light after exercise The body relaxes The capacity to do work increases The digestive power of the individual increases There is fat depletion the muscles become strong and compact The strength, power and endurance is increased BENEFITS OF EXERCISE

11. Physical appearance is improved Flexibility and mobility of the body increases The balance between elimination and nutrition is established The cardiovascular efficiency is improved The respiratory capacity of the individual is improved The body becomes fit and healthy Proper blood circulation for various parts is established BENEFITS OF EXERCISE Cont…

12. Acute painful conditions Pregnancy Menstruation Cardiac patients Acute illness CONTRAINDICATIONS

13. PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO EXERCISE

14. Oxygen rich blood is pumped out of the heart to the muscles and organs via artery’s (red areas) De-oxygenated blood is returned to the heart via veins (blue areas) Artery’s have plenty of pressure on them from the heart contracting to force the blood away from the heart Veins however are not under any pressure. To stop the blood going backwards veins have valves EFFECT ON THE HEART

15. 5-6 liters of blood is pumped out of heart/min. In moderate-20liters/min. Severe exercise- 35 liters /min Cardiac output is directly proportional to oxygen consumption This is due to increased heart rate and increased stroke volume (70ml/contraction) CO=HR x SV CARDIAC OUTPUT

16. EFFECTS ON THE LUNGS During exercise there is increase in CO 2 of blood Chemoreceptor in medulla are stimulated Stimulation of dorsal respiratory group of neurons Increase the rate of respiration Removal of CO2 is increased

17. The heart and lungs are connected to supply the body with oxygen rich blood and work together to take away and get rid of carbon dioxide This happens at the capillary networks that cover the alveoli and muscle cells LINKING TOGETHER..

18. Mild hypoxia: which increases CO2 concentration will lead to pH decrease It stimulates the juxtaglomerular cells to synthesize erythropoietin So that there is a production of RBCs There is increased heat production during exercise which increases the body temperature CHANGES IN THE BLOOD

19. To compensate the body temperature sweating and fluid loss occurs resulting into decreased blood volume which is also due to vasodilatation in skin Decreased blood volume results in Hemoconcentration i.e. water is lost through plasma That’s why severe exercise can even cause dehydration CHANGES IN THE BLOOD Cont…

20. Systolic = the pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries when the heart contracts Diastolic = the pressure on the walls of the arteries as the heart relaxes (fills) Normal BP tends to be around: 120/80 mmHg. Why is BP taken on the arm?? BLOOD PRESSURE

21. Venous return increased - Due to the muscle pump and Respiratory pump Vasodilatation leads to relaxation of the muscles In the muscles end product of metabolism is lactic acid which is further non-degradable is also a stimulant for vasodilatation EFFECT ON MUSCLES

22. Skin - Sweating is improved Kidney - Urine output is increased Lungs – Carbon dioxide and other unwanted gases removed GIT- Excretion of feces is increased due to proper assimilation and proper digestion EFFECTS ON ELIMINATION

23. Exercise keeps a person physically, mentally, emotionally and spiritually healthy Indirectly aim of exercise is towards the positive health It is the set of systematic movement of the body which helps in growth of the individual It gives happiness and helps in developing the mind and mind becomes fresh To improve the stamina and strength PURPOSE OF EXERCISE

24. RESEARCH Research has proved exercise to be beneficial in preventing lifestyle , diseases ( Asthma CAD, DM, Cancer)

25. Why take drugs for problems that may be helped by exercise, sleep, sunlight and other natural remedies?

26. Rest is total absence of work except the force of gravity Complete rest is not possible Sleep is one of the best ways to achieve rest. It is temporary suspension/reduction of activity with the purpose to recuperate and repair Helps in regeneration i.e. it is physiological rest and calmness of nervous system REST AND RELAXATION

27. Physical Reliving tensions of muscles to maximum extent/simply relaxation of muscles Ex : Shavasana /lying down. TYPES OF REST

28. Mental rest ;- Making the mind to centralize on a fixed point or on object Works at a subconscious level of mind. Very difficult to achieve complete mental rest and probably impossible to the fullest extent Ex : Meditation

29. Rest and relaxation enhance the eliminatory process and help in recharging the body and mind After work, the body is fatigued or tired which is because of the metabolic wastes produced in the body with the need to eliminate them Hence rest and relaxation is very essential REQUIREMENT FOR REST AND RELAXATION

30. The atmosphere should be favourable There should be proper ventilation The person should be comfortable and calm There should be no much bright light REQUISITES FOR REST

31. Prolonged severe exercise can cause dehydration Incorrect methods like exercise soon after food wrong atmosphere wrong methods malnourishment etc… can be dangerous DANGERS OF EXERCISE

32. When exercise is done regularly following all precautions and done systematically, it is beneficial to maintain a good physical and mental health Exercise done without proper method and precautions by not giving proper dietary supplementation, can be harmful to the body One important aspect always forgotten during exercise is proper sleep, rest and relaxation CONCLUSION

33. REFERENCES www.wikipedia.com Physiology of Exercise Nature cure by, Henry Linlard www.pubmed.com

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