Experiential learning programme

Experiential learning programme , Student READY programme. ELP

1. EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING PROGRAMME On Mushroom Production & Protected Cultivation of High Value Horticultural Crops Presented to – Er . Tejas A.Bhosale Dr. Satish Chandra Pant Dr. Vijay Kumar VCSG UTTARAKHAND UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, BHARSAR Presented by- Siddharth Khanna (16039)

2. INTRODUCTION The ICAR is the apex body for coordinating, guiding and managing research and education in agriculture in the entire country through the Agricultural Education Division. The Agricultural Education Division, ICAR undertakes planning, development, coordination, human resource development and educational quality reforms in higher agricultural education in the country and, thus, strives for maintaining and upgrading quality and relevance of higher agricultural education through partnership and efforts of the ICAR-Agricultural Universities (AUs) system comprising State Agricultural Universities (SAUs), Deemed to be Universities (DUs),Central Agricultural Universities (CAUs) and Central Universities (CUs) with Agriculture Faculty. 2

3. About Student READY The Student READY (Rural Entrepreneurship Awareness Development Yojana) programme aims to provide rural entrepreneurship awareness, practical experience in real-life situation in rural agriculture and creating awareness to undergraduate students about practical agriculture and allied sciences. It also aims to provide opportunities to acquire hands-on-experience and entrepreneurial skills. Experiential Learning Programme is an opportunity for the students to develop high quality professional competence, skill development and confidence to start their own enterprise. This is a step towards “Earn while learn”. 3

4. Components for carrying out one-year Student READY Experiential Learning on Business Model /Hands on Training Experiential Learning on Skill Development Rural Awareness Works Experience (RAWE) Internship / In-Plant Training / Industrial attachment Students Projects Rural Awareness Works Experience enable the students to gain rural experience, give them confidence and enhance on farm problem solving abilities in real life situations, especially in contact with farmers, growers, etc. In-plant training of short duration in relevant industry is useful to gain the knowledge and experience of the work culture. In Plant training in reputed organization / MNC’s/ other organized sectors provides an industrial exposure to the students for developing their career in the Agro based industries. 4

5. The Main Objectives of Experiential Learning To promote professional skills and knowledge through hands on experience. To build confidence and ability to work in project mode. To acquire enterprise management capabilities. The experiential learning programme will be offered for 180 days (one semester) period in the final year. Experiential Learning aims towards Practical Work Experience in Real Life Situation among the undergraduate students and therefore it helps student become “Job Providers rather than Job Seekers”. 5

6. EXPERIENCE LEARNING PLAN ALLOTMENT DATE: 03/07/201 ABOUT MODULE The whole ELP programme consists of 20 credits. The module selected were: Module 1 st - Protected cultivation of High Value Horticultural crops. (Vegetable) Module 2 nd - Mushroom Production COURSE INSTRUCTOR Mushroom Production – Dr. Vijay Kumar Protected cultivation of High Value Horticultural crops (Vegetable) – Dr. S C Pant. LOCATION Module 1 st (Protected cultivation of High Value Horticultural crops vegetables)- Fields allotted near Krishi Vigyan Kendra Block and One Polyhouse allotted at T- Gaddu Module 2 nd (Mushroom Production)-Mushroom unit in Krishi Vigyan Kendra 6

7. S.NO. NAME ID. NO. Sanjay Singh Bisht UUHF/ 16025 2. Mayank Prakash Badola (Leader) UUHF/ 16027 3. Manik Upadhyay UUHF/ 16029 4. Kavyanjali Murari (Co-leader) UUHF/ 16032 5. Amit Nawani UUHF/ 16033 6. Pooja Fartiyal UUHF/ 16034 7. Riya Pandey UUHF/ 16035 8. Siddharth Khanna UUHF/ 16039 9. Mohammad Nazim UUHF/ 16043 10. Akhil Upreti UUHF/ 16044 GROUP MEMBERS 7

8. Module 1 st .Protected Cultivation of High Value Horticultural Crops(Vegetables) Area covered under vegetable production: 539m² Area covered in polyhouse : 90m² Total area cultivated : 629m² CROPS GROWN: S. No. Crop name Varieties 1. Radish Japanese White 2. Brinjal Arka Neelkanth 3. Tomato Sioux 4 Garlic Local 5. Summer Squash F1 hybrid of Shine brand 6. Cucumber F1 Hybrid 7 French bean Anuradha,F1 hybrid 8 Bottle guard Royal England F1 hybrid 9 Spinach All green 8

9. 1. RADISH ( Raphanus sativis ) Botanical Name : Raphanus sativus L . Family : Cruciferae Chromosome No : 2n = 18 Origin Place : Europe and Western Asia Variety - Japanese white Date of seed sowing 10/July/2019 Seed quantity – 250gm Spacing - 30cm x15cm Method of sowing- Line sowing on ridges Area - 154.6m² 9

10. INTERCULTURE OPERATIONS: Thinning :- Thinning is done at 3-4 leaf stage and 25 days after sowing. Thinning is done help in better growth of plant and do not done competition with plant for space. Weeding:- Weeding is done to remove the unwanted plant from field because it improved the growth of the plant. Weeding is done thrice 1 st at the time of thinning and then at 15 days interval Earthing up:- it refer to the practice of bringing soil closer to and around the stem of particular plants. This technique is used where plant has specific needs that the soil can be provide. Earthing up is done 15 days after sowing. Irrigation :- Irrigation is done thrice in a week. Nutrient management :- FYM 110kg mixed with soil. Harvesting : Crop was uprooted 40-45 days after sowing, and before harvesting field was lightly irrigated so as to easily uprooting of crop. Total no of harvesting - 7 Yield :- Expected yield: 150kg Obtained yield : 100kg Physiological disorder:- Splitting 10

11. 11 Sowing of seeds Harvested Radish Preparation of field Radish Plants PROCEDURE

12. 2. BRINJAL ( Solanum melongena ) Botanical Name: Solanum melongena Family: Solanaceae Chromosome No . : 2n = 24 Origin: India Common Name: Eggplant , Aubergine Variety: Arka Neelkanth No. of seedlings: 330 Survived seedlings: 314 Area: 9.4m² Spacing : 45cm x45 cm 12

13. CULTIVATION PRACTICES: Climate : The brinjal is a warm season crop therefore susceptible to severe frost. A daily mean temperature of 13-21OC is most favorable for optimum growth and yield.   Transplanting : Transplanting was done at a spacing of 45x45 cm. the seedlings were ready in 4-5 weeks for transplanting.   Irrigation : Daily irrigation at morning and evening hours was given to plants until flowering. After 1 st harvesting at 5-7 days interval   Intercultural operation : Inter cultural operation were carried out for better yield. Weeding was done twice a week.   Application of FYM at 15 days of interval.   Harvesting : harvesting was done after 55-60 days after transplanting. Harvest was made once in 7 days and as many as 5 to 10 pickings.   Yield : Expected yield : 110-120 kgs Obtained yield : 70kgs Diseases : Wilt ( Fusarium solani ) affected leaves turn yellow 13

14. 3. SPINACH ( Spinacia oleracea ) Family: Chenopodiaceae Chromosome No . : 2n = 18 Origin: India Common Name: Palak VARIETY ALL GREEN Date of sowing 15/July/2019 Seed quantity 100gm Area cropped 50m² Spacing Between line 15cm apart Method of sowing Line sowing Irrigation Twice in a week Nutrient management FYM: 30kg at time of field preparation Urea : spray of 1% solution. Yield Expected yield: 40-50 bundles Obtained yield: 20 bundles 14

15. 15 Sowing of seeds Hoeing Irrigation with buckets Plants PROCEDURE

16. 4. GARLIC ( Allium sativum ) Family: Alliaceae Chromosome No . : 2n = 18 Origin: Central Asia Common Name: Lassan I INTERCULTURE OPERATIONS: – Weeding :- weeding is done to remove the unwanted plant from field because it improved the growth of the plant. 1 st weeding 95 days after sowing, then twice at 20 days interval. Hoeing :- once at the time of 1 st weeding. Irrigation : - once in a week till 20 days before harvesting. Nutrient management :- FYM 150 kg at a time of field preparation Yield :- 200 kg . Variety Local Date of sowing 13/10/2019 Seed quantity 10kg(cloves) Area cropped 120m² Spacing 15cm×10cm. Method of sowing Dibbling. 16

17. 17 Weeding Application of FYM Garlic Seedling Garlic Plants PROCEDURE

18. 5. FRENCH BEAN ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) Family : Fabaceae Chromosome No . : 2n = 22 Origin: Central Asia Common Name: Phali CULTIVATION PRACTICES: Climat e: French bean is a warm season crop. A monthly mean temperature of 10.3-23.9:C is most suitable for successful cultivation of this crop. Sowing : Sowing was done at a spacing of 45x45cm   Irrigation: Frequent irrigation after sowing till crop emergence may hinder the germination due to chocking of respiration. During flowering and pod formation, the available moisture content should be more than 50%. Intercultural Operation : Hoeing is done to remove the weeds and pulverize the soil for proper aeration. Staking: For pole type varieties staking should be done to avoid deterioration of pods by touching the ground. Yield: Expected yield: 50 - 60kg Variety Anuradha f 1 hybrid Quantity of seed 250gm Area 125m² Date of sowing 24/Feb/2020 Spacing 45 cm x 30 cm Method of sowing : Line sowing 18

19. POLYHOUSE 1. TOMATO :- (Lycopersicon esculentum ) Botanical Name : Solanum l ycopersicum . Family: Solanaceae Chromosom e No.: 2n = 24 Origin: Peru or Mexico PROCEDURE- Hand ploughing was done. Bed are made of appropriate size. Pits are dug at spacing of 45X45 cm. water and FYM is applied in the pits Seedling are transplanted in poly-house which were raise by the college. Seedlings are transplanted at a spacing of 45X45 cm. Intercultural practices like gap filling, weeding, pinching, stacking, irrigation was performed. Variety Siuox No. of seedlings 175 No. of seedlings survived 145 Spacing 45cm x 30cm 19

20. INTERCULTURE OPERATIONS: – Staking of plants -Staking is done to give the support of the plant at the height of 15-20 cm of the plant and staking is done 25 days after transplanting. Weeding:- weeding is done to remove the unwanted plant from field because it improved the growth of the plant. 1 st weeding 28 days after transplanting, then at 30 day interval Irrigation - Thrice in a week Pest management - Pest: Fruit borer, Spray of Monochrotophos (36% SL) @ 1% Yield - 100 kg (Expected yield) 90kg (obtained yield) 20

21. 2. CUCUMBER ( Cucumis sativus ) Botanical Name: Cucumis sativus L Family: Cucurbitaceae Chromosome Number: 2n=14 Origin: India Common Name: Khira Variety F1 Hybrid Seed quantity 10gm No. of seedlings 35 seedlings. Area cropped 5 m² and along sides in polyhouse. Spacing 30 cm spacing in beds; 45 cm spacing along sides. Method of sowing Transplanting of seedlings. Cultural operation Stacking: 25 days after transplanting. Irrigation Thrice in a week Yield 100/110 kg (Expected Yield) 21 Preparation of field Intercultural Operations

22. 3. SUMMER SQUASH ( Cucurbita pepo ) Botanical Name: Cucurbita pepo Family: Cucurbitaceae Chromosome Number: 2n=40 Origin: America probably in north-eastern Mexico Common Name: Vilayati kaddu or Chappan kaddu or Safed Kaddu Variety F1 hybrid of Shine brand Date of planting 25.02.2020 Seed quantity 50gm No. of plants 72 seedlings No. of seedlings survived 65 seedlings Method of sowing Transplanting of seedlings Irrigation Twice in a week Yield 100 22

23. Benefit Cost analysis of Module 1 (Vegetable production) 1.Variable cost Cost of seeds Sr. No. Crop Quantity   Price Source 1. Radish 250gm Rs.250 Pantnagar 2. French bean 500gm Rs.250 Dehradun 3. Garlic 6 kg(Cloves) Rs.500 College 4. Cucumber 50gm Rs.100 Dehradun 5. Summer squash 50gm Rs.100 Dehradun 6. Spinach 100 gm Rs.30 Pantnagar   Total   Rs.1230   23

24. Other Variable costs: S.no Components Amount Cost Source 01 Labour Cost 80 working days(800 man days) [Rs.250/day/man] 2,00,000 Students 02 Manure and Fertilizer : FYM Urea 100 kg 10kg Rs.600(Rs 6/kg) 60kg College College 03 Insecticide(Monocrotophos) 2 lit Rs.500 College   Total   Rs.1160 (Excluding labour cost)   Total Variable Cost : Rs.1230+Rs.1160 24

25. 2. Fixed Cost: S No Components Depreciation rate (%) Cost (in Rs.) 1. Farm Equipment Price (in Rs.) 10 225 Kodali 5x150 = 750 Spade 3x200 =600 Pick Axe 2x250 = 500 Garden Rake 1x200 = 200 Grass cutting sword 1x200 = 200 2. Irrigation Equipments(Pipes) 1000 10 100 3. Rental cost of land and irrigation charges 100 100 Total Rs.425 25

26. Output: S.no Crop Yield Output 01. Radish leaves 70 bundles Rs.700 @Rs.10/bundle 02 Radish 92kg 8kg [email protected]/bundle [email protected]/bundle 03 Spinach 10 bundles 10 bundles [email protected]/bundle Rs. 50@Rs. 5/bundle 04 Tomato 90kg Rs.3600@ Rs40/kg 05. Brinjal 70kg Rs2100@Rs 30/kg   Total Rs. 8510 26

27. Benefit-cost ratio/ Cost of Production VEGETABLE PRODUCTION TOTAL (INPUT FIXED AND VARIABLE) TOTAL OUTPUT (Rs) 2390 8510 Total expected profit 6120 B:C Ratio 2.56 : 1 27

28. MODULE 2 nd : Mushroom Cultivation Dhingri Mushroom/Oyster Mushroom Botanical Name- Pleurotus spp . Species grown - osteratus , florida , Sajor kaju . Cultivation- Climate - Temperature 20-28 C is optimum and Relatively humidity 80-85%is required. Preparation of Compost -Wheat straw was used, soaked in water one night before preparation of bags, next day it spread out and treated with formalin and Bavistin to disinfect and covered with plastic sheet to allow fumes to generate so as to sterilize it. Spawning- With the ratio 30 gm spawn /1 kg straw was taken and 90 gm spawn was taken/ bag. 90 gm spawn/3kg of straw. Preparation of bags - each bag with 3 kg straw was prepared, and details of every variety was written over it. Bags were tied from open end with the help of rubber band. Prepared bags were kept in racks. and irrigated at 6 days interval. Harvesting of Mushrooms- mushrooms were prepared 30 days after spawn run. 28

29. Procedure 29

30. Benefit Cost analysis of Module 2(Mushroom Production) A. Variable Cost: S.No Components Quantity Price Source 01 Spawn 10 kg Rs80/kg DMR Solan 02 Straw 330kg Rs.1100 College 03. Wheat Bran 20 kg Rs.500 Dehradun 03. Polythene bags of 5 kgs each 200 in number Rs. 450 Haldwani 04. Polythene bags of 250 gms each 250 in number Rs.250 Haldwani   Total Rs.2380   30

31. Other variable cost: Total variable cost: 2380+2086 Rs. 4466 S.No Component Amount Cost Source 01. Labour Cost 80 working days(800 man days)[ Rs. 250/day/man] Rs.2,00,000 Students 02. Chemicals : MOP Urea SSP Gypsum Formalin Bavistin Furadan Lindane Nuvan 2 kg 2kg 2kg 20kg 5 lit 500gm 150gm 1kg 100ml Rs.40 Rs.24 Rs.32 Rs.400 Rs.490 Rs.630 Rs.20 Rs.350 Rs.100 Dehradun Dehradun Dehradun Dehradun Dehradun Dehradun Dehradun Dehradun Dehradun   Total Rs.2086(Excluding labour cost)   31

32. B. Fixed Cost: S.No. Components Depreciation rate (%) Cost 01. Equipment Price 10% 150   Weighing Balance Rs.500   Shovel Rs.200   Garden rake Rs.200   Polysheet Rs.600 02. Irrigation equipment-Knapsack Sprayer Rs.1000 10% 100 03. Rental Cost of room Rs.1500 10% 150   Total Rs.400 32

33. Output: S.no Product (Mushroom) Yield Cost 01 Sajor caju 120 bags of 250gm each Rs.4800@ Rs.40/bag 02. Ostreatus 20 bags of 250gm each Rs.800@ Rs.40/bag 03. Florida 25 bags of 250gm each Rs.1000@ Rs.40/bag 04. Flabellatus 15 bags of 250gm each Rs.600@ Rs.40/bag   Total 180 bags of 250gm each Rs.7200 Benefit-cost ratio/ Cost of Production: MUSHROOM PRODUCTION TOTAL (INPUT FIXED AND VARIABLE) TOTAL OUTPUT (Rs) 4,866 7,200 Total expected profit 2,334 B:C Ratio 0.479:1 Total Gross Income: TOTAL GROSS INCOME Total Input(Rs) Total output((Rs) Profit(Rs) 7,256 15,710 8,454 B:C Ratio 1.16 :1 33

34. ELP DURING LOCKDOWN Performed following activities: - Establishment of Homemade Bower system /Overhead System for cucurbits vines. Nursery establishment, Transplanting and maintenance of Okra Harvesting of vegetables from kitchen garden Management of Colocasia plant. Management and harvesting of Jackfruit plant. Nursery establishment, Transplanting and maintenance of Cowpea Area covered in Kitchen Garden – approx. 50 m² S.N CROPS VARIETY 1. Colocasia Local 2. Cowpea Local 3. Okra Local 4. Jackfruit Local 34

35. 1.Management of Colocasia Plant Planting material Cormels weighing about 20-25 g form good planting material. Preparation of field Ploughed the field to a fine tilth and form ridges and furrows at a spacing of 45 cm. Planting Plant at a spacing of 45 cm in furrows. The cormels planted to a depth of 2.5 to 7.5 cm. Irrigation Irrigation is done once in a week Application of fertilizers Cowdung is applied. 35

36. 2.Establishment of Homemade Bower system or Overhead System for cucurbits vines. Procedure: Four poles of height 1.5m are dug in the ground A crisscross structure is made with the help of thin branches on top of the poles. Whole structure is tied with ropes so that it can withstand weather. In this structure the auxiliary buds and side branches are removed till the vine reaches the bower then the tip of the vine is removed 15 cm below the Bower. Two auxiliary buds can grow and allowed to trail over the bower. 36 Tying the branches with poles Bower or Overhead system

37. 3.Management and harvesting of Jackfruit Training and pruning Training is provided with ropes to support the plant and for the removal of interlacing interior branches and diseased twigs. Irrigation Irrigated jackfruit trees during summer with bucket Harvesting The fruit is usually harvested before it ripens on the tree. A mature fruit produces a hollow sound when its spiny peel is tapped with the fingers 37 Training of Jackfruit with ropes Harvesting of Jackfruit

38. 4.Nursery establishment, Transplanting and maintenance of Okra Procedure Nursery establishment: The nursery established in the kitchen garden was maintained through proper irrigation, weeding, thinning operation. Irrigation : Daily irrigation within evening hours is done through buckets. Weeding: 1 st weeding was followed 15 days after sowing and 2 nd after 30 days of sowing. Thinning operation done after 30 days of sowing. Transplanting: The plants were transplanted after 35 days when they achieved proper height (20 cm) and leaves number (8-9) with spacing of 30 cm within plants 38 Transplanting of okra Transplanted okra

39. 5.Nursery establishment, Transplanting and maintenance of Cowpea Procedure Nursery establishment: The nursery established in the kitchen garden was maintained through proper irrigation, weeding, thinning operation. Irrigation : Daily irrigation within evening hours is done through buckets. Weeding: 1 st weeding was followed 15 days after sowing and 2 nd after 30 days of sowing. Thinning operation done after 30 days of sowing. Transplanting: The plants were transplanted after 35 days when they achieved proper height (20 cm) and leaves number (8-9) with spacing of 30 cm within plants 39 Transplanting of cowpea Transplanted cowpea

40. FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS FINDING We should use the given resources effectively as they are very scarce. Time management and resource allocation is the key. Besides this, team management and work in coordinated manner is also very important For a farmer climatic condition are everything. He is solely dependent on the weather. Losses due to animals is also a risk. The crucial understanding that we got is farming is a business with huge growth potential if assets are leveraged in a right manner. 40

41. SUGGESTIONS: Mono-cropping should be followed rather than growing multiple crops on small patches. At times of unfavorable climatic conditions such as snowfall and heavy rainfall, more focus should be given to other module. Irrigation facilities should be enhanced. Distribution of implements among students should be proportionately to avoid clashes among students for different implements. Planting material should be made available in the college itself as managing to bring it from outside takes time which can be utilized for farm work. There should be coordination between the groups to avoid conflicts and for smooth marketing. 41

42. CONCLUSION Experiential Learning (EL) with business mode helps the student to develop competence, capability, capacity building, acquiring skills, expertise, and confidence to start their own enterprise and turn job creators instead of job seekers.  This is a step forward for “ Earn while Learn ” concept. Experiential Learning is an important module for high quality professional competence and practical work experience in real life situation to Graduates. The module with entrepreneurial orientation of production and production to consumption pattern is expected to facilitate producing  Job Providers  rather than  Job Seekers . The EL provides the students an excellent opportunity to develop analytical and entrepreneurial skills, and knowledge through meaningful hands on experience, confidence in their ability to design and execute project work.  The main objectives of EL are: To promote professional skills and knowledge through meaningful hands on experience. To build confidence and to work in project mode. To acquire enterprise management capabilities. 42

43. REFERENCES 43 Agrimoon June, 2019, Production technology of Vegetables , Viewed 20 April 2020 http://www.agrimoon.com/production-technology-of-vegetables-flowers/ Education ICAR 2020, Student Ready, viewed 20 April 2020, http:/education.icar.gov.in/student_ready.aspx https://icar.org.in/node/2852 Kumar, A.J. M.Sc. Ag., A Study on the agricultural Experiential Learning Programme; Department of Agricultural Extension, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University Rajendra Nagar Hyderabad, 2013 Daily dairy of our ELP programme prepared. http://www.tnau.ac.in/

44. THANK YOU