Fabric Shrinkage In Textile Fabric Insustry

Shrinkage is a change in dimensions across the length and width of the fabric after washing, usage, and when exposed to the relaxing of fabrics.

1. Fabric Shrinkage
Alid Mahmud
Department of Textile Engineering
TE-15 Batch

2. Presentation Content:
Introduction
Why do we need to test fabric shrinkage
Fabric Shrinkage causes problem areas
Shrinkage type
Influencing factors of Fabric Shrinkage
Control of Fabric Shrinkage
How to prevent Fabric Shrinkage

3. Introduction
Thedimensionalstabilityofafabricisameasureoftheextenttowhich
itkeepsitsoriginaldimensionstoitsmanufacture.Shrinkageisa
problemthathampersthedimensionalstabilityofafabric.Fabric
shrinkageisthemajorconcerningpointfortheready-madegarment’s
suppliers.
Theshrinkageisbasicallyduetotheuseofunstableandlow-quality
materialusedinthefabric.Ifthematerialisnotgood,itwillundergothe
shrinkagewithoutdrycleantheclothes.

4. Why do we need to test fabric shrinkage?
Weneedtoknowhowmuchafabricisliabletoshrinkforanumberofreasons.
Manufacturersneedtoknowthatthefabricorgarmentstheyareproducingare
ofexcellentquality.
There’sbrandreputationtothinkof.Andalsothewastedmaterialsandenergy
involvedinhavingtoremakethingsbecausefabrichasshrunkatalatestagein
garmentproduction.
Ifafabricshrinksafterithasbeencutorsewn,thefinishedgarmentwillbe
misshapen.Seamsmightenduppuckered.Andthehangofagarmentwillbe
affected.
Manufacturersneedtoprovidecarelabelstellingconsumershowtolookafter
theirgarment.Withoutafabricshrinkagetest,theinformationontheselabels
willnotbeaccurate.

5. 1.During garment manufacture
2.During subsequent laundering by the ultimate customer.
Fabric shrinkage can cause problems
in two main areas:
Fig. Fabric Shrinkage

6. There are two types of Fabric Shrinkage:
1.Relaxation Shrinkage
2.Progressive Shrinkage
Shrinkage Types:

7. ProgressiveShrinkage:
Thisoccurseachtimeafabricislaundered.Unlikerelaxation
shrinkagewhichoccursonlyonce,Progressiveshrinkagecontinues
andthefabricshrinksabitmorewitheachlaunderingofthemajor
fibers,onlywoolandviscoserayonaresubjecttoprogressive
shrinkage.
RelaxationShrinkage:
Thisoccursbecausethefibersandyarnsareundertensionwhenthe
fabricsaremade.Laterwhenthefabriciswetinatensionless
condition,relaxationoccurs.

8. ShrinkageControlParameter:
C&A:+/-2%
Celio,H&M,BestSeller,Carrefour:+/-3%
ThebestwayofShrinkagecontrolwidthcontrolgreyto
finish.Toaccuratewithcalculationsothatshrinkage
controlaccurately.Highershrinkagearesanforizingto
compactinglowshrinkage

9. Causes:
Shrinkageismainlyduetoyarnswellingandtheresultingcrimp
increaseduringwashingofcottonfabrics.Yarnswellingpercentage
ismoreinpolyestercottonblendingyarn.
Causes and Influencing Factors of
Fabric Shrinkage

10. InfluencingFactorsofFabricShrinkage:
1.Yarn twist: TwistShrinkage
2.Stitch length: Length Shrinkage
3.Fabric GSM: GSM Shrinkage

11. How to prevent fabric shrinkage?
Thereareafewfabricprocessingtechniquesthatcanbeusedtoreducethe
rateofshrinkageinfabric.
Mercerizationandpreshrunkareafewexamples.Theseprocessesare
mainlyusedoncottonfabric.
Syntheticfibers,likenylon,oftenshrinkwhenheated.Butshrinkagecanbe
reducediffabricsareheat-setduringproduction.
Nevertheless,it’sunrealistictoexpectazeroshrinkagerate.Whateverfabric
we’reusingandwhateverprocessesitgoesthrough,there’salmostalways
somedegreeofshrinkage.
Thereisalwaysatolerance.Andtheleveloftolerancelargelydependsupon
thekindofmaterialwe’reusing.