FACILITATING-LEARNING- human development

The child and adult development

1. REVIEW OF THEORIES RELATED TO
THE LEARNERS’ DEVELOPMENT
FACILITATING LEARNER- CENTERED TEACHING: THE LEARNER CENTERED
APPROACH W/ EMPHASIS ON TEACHING METHODOLOGY (EDUC 211)

2. After completing this session, you must be
able to:
1. explain the salient concepts and principles
of the major development theories;
2. apply these theories to teaching-learning
situations.
.

3. Theories
Related to the
Learners’
Development
ERIKSON
8 Psycho-social
Stages of
Development
FREUD
3 Components of
Personality
5 Psychosexual
Stages of
Development
KOHLBERG
3 Levels and 6
Substages of
Moral
Development
VYGOTSKY
•On Language
•Zone of
Proximal
Development
BRONFENBRENER
-Bio- Ecological
System
PIAGET
4 Stages of
Cognitive
Development

4. Freud said “The mind is like an
iceberg, it floats with one-
seventh of its bulk above water”.

5. Sigmund Freud three components that
make up one’s personality
1. The id- is pleasure centered
2. The ego - reality-centered
3. The superego - related to the ego
ideal or conscience.

6. Youcanremembertheorderofthesestagesbyusingthemnemonic:“old(oral)age(anal)pensioners(phallic)love(latent)grapes
(genital)..

7. •Erickson said, “ Healthy children
will not fear life if their elders
have integrity enough not to fear
death.”

8. Stagesof Childhood
Stage 1 – Infancy period: Trust vs. Mistrust
Virtue: Hope, Maldevelopment: Withdrawal
Concomitant Freudian stage: oral stage
Example: Secure environment provided by the caregiver, with regular
access to affection and food
Stage 2 – Early Childhood period: Autonomy vs. Shame, doubt
Virtue: Will, Maldevelopment: Compulsion
Concomitant Freudian stage: anal stage
Example: Caregiver promotes self-sufficiency while maintaining a secure
environment

9. Stage 3 – Play Age period: Initiative vs. Guilt
Virtue: Purpose, Maldevelopment: Inhibition
Concomitant Freudian stage: genital stage
Example: Caregiver encourages, supports, and guides the child’s own
initiatives and interests
Stage 4 – School Age period: Industry vs. Inferiority
Virtue: Competence, Maldevelopment: Inertia (passivity)
Concomitant Freudian stage: latency stage
Example: Reasonable expectations set in school and at home, with
praise for their accomplishments

10. Stage of Adolescence
Stage 5 – Adolescence period: Identity vs.
Identity confusion
Virtue: Fidelity, Maldevelopment:
Repudiation
Example: Individual weighs out their previous
experiences, societal expectations, and their
aspirations in establishing values and ‘finding
themselves.’

11. Stages of Adulthood
Stage 6 – Young Adulthood period: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Virtue: Love, Maldevelopment: Distantiation
Example: Individual forms close friendships or long-term partnership
Stage 7 – Adulthood period: Generativity vs. Stagnation/Self-absorption
Virtue: Care, Maldevelopment: Rejectivity
Example: Engagement with the next generation through parenting,
coaching, or teaching
Stage 8 – Old Age period: Integrity vs. Despair
Virtue: Wisdom, Maldevelopment: Disdain
Example: Contemplation and acknowledgment of personal life
accomplishments

12. •Piaget said, “ The principle goal of
education in the schools should be
creating men and women who are
capable of doing new things, not simply
repeating what other generations have
done”.

13. 4 STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Sensorimotor stage: Birth to 2 years
Preoperational stage: Ages 2 to 7
Concrete operational stage: Ages 7 to 11
Formal operational stage: Ages 12 and up

15. Vygotsky said, “ the teacher
must orient his work not on
yesterday’s development in
the child but on tomorrow’s”.

16. SCAFFOLDING- is the systematic
manner of providing assistance to the
learner that helps the learner to
effectively acquire skill.

17. His concept of zone proximal development (ZPD) illustrates this.

18. Bronfenbrenner’s model also known as the
Ecological Systems Theory presents child
development within the context or
relationship systems that comprise the
child’s environment. The model is composed
of microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem,
macrosystem and the chronosystem.

20. Lucas, M.R. and Corpuz, B. (2014).
FACILITATING LEARNING: A Metacognitive
Process. 776 Aurora Blvd., cor. Boston Street,
Cubao, Quezon City, Metro Manila. Lolimar
Publishing, Inc.