Fact Cards For Standard 3 Primary School Students

Fact cards for Grade 3 Students

1. .1.1.2 RE-USE REDUCE AND RECYCLING OF WASTE
➢ Re –use --------------- means using waste more than
once.
➢ Reduce ----------- means making less waste.
➢ Recycle ------------ means turning waste into new things
THINGS WE CAN RE – USE
➢ A 2litre coke bottle
➢ A can of beef
➢ A bucket of butter
➢ A tyre
➢ A plastic bag of rice
➢ A box

HOW ITEMS CAN BE RE—USED
➢ A 2liter bottle can be re-used as a container of paraffin
➢ A can of beef can be re-used to boil water
➢ A bucket of butter can be re-used to fetch water
➢ An old tyre can be re-used to feeding cows and goats.
➢ A plastic bag can be re-used to make mats, hats and
handbags.
➢ A box can be re-used to store clothes.
WASTE THAT CAN BE RECYCLED
Recycling means to make something that is new from waste.
THINGS THAT CAN BE RECYLED
➢ Papers
➢ Plastics
➢ Tyres
➢ Cans
➢ Metal
HOW WE CAN RECYCLE
➢ Papers to make papier-mâché
➢ Plastics to make mats, bags and handbags ,belts,
ribbons and necklaces
➢ Trye to make shoe polish, toy cars, shoe laces
➢ Cans can be crashed to make bricks
➢ Metal can be melted to make pipes, metal sheets for
building.
REDUCING
➢ Reducing means making less waste.
THINGS THAT CAN BE REDUCED
➢ Plastic bags
➢ Plastic bottles
➢ Glass jars
HOW WE CAN REDUCE WASTE
➢ Stopping the use of plastic bags for shopping
➢ Plastic bottle can be re-used to store water

2. ➢ Glass jars can be stored and re-used to keep sugar


✓ SEASONS OF THE YEAR
There are 4 seasons of the year.
➢ Summer--------------------------- December
January
February
➢ Autumn -------------------------- March
April
May
➢ Winter----------------------------- June
July
August
➢ Spring-------------------------- September
October
November

✓ DESCRIPTIONS OF SEASONS
o SUMMER
➢ Summer comes after spring
➢ It is the hottest time of the year
➢ Days are long
➢ Nights are short and warm
➢ Trees and grasses are green and have flowers
o WINTER
➢ Winter comes after autumn
➢ It is the coldest time of the year
➢ Days are short
➢ Nights long and cold
➢ Plants lose their leaves because it is too cold
➢ There is no rain during winter
o AUTUMN
➢ Autumn comes after summer
➢ Days start to become longer and cooler
➢ Nights become longer and cooler
➢
➢ Fruits ripen and become ready to be harvested
➢ The colour of the leaves start to change
o SPRING
➢ Spring comes after winter
➢ Weather conditions are usually windy and dusty
➢ Plants produce new leaves and flowers
➢ Seeds start growing into plants
➢ We get first rains


WEATHER CONDITIONS RELATING TO SEASONS
➢ Summer ------- hot, sunny, rainy
➢ Autumn ------- sunny
➢ Winter -- ---- cold
➢ Spring ------- rainy and wind
➢ WIND

3. What is wind?
➢ Wind is moving air
➢ Wind is air in motion
➢ We cannot see wind but we can feel it
➢ We can hear wind when it moves through branches.
➢ Wind can move things.
WIND DIRECTION
Wind has direction
➢ The direction of wind changes from time to time
➢ Things that can show Wind Direction are
• Trees
• Branches
• Leaves
• Clothes on the washing line
• Flags
• Smoke from fire
• Dust from the soil
➢ A WIND- VANE is used to find wind direction
➢ A pointer points to the direction from which the wind is
blowing
➢ It can either point
o East
o West
o South
o North
➢ A wind-vane should placed in an open space
RECORDING THE DAILY WEATHER CONDITIONS
➢ To record the weather conditions we need to know
➢ The temperature
➢ Wind Direction
➢ The amount of rainfall received
➢ Whether there is sunshine or cloud cover
➢

• WEATHER CONDITIONS
▪ SUNNY
▪ WINDY
▪ CLOUDY
▪ RAINY
EFFECTS OF WIND ON THE ENVIRONMENT

➢ Strong winds can destroy our houses(roof) and
crops.
➢ Strong winds can cause soil erosion
➢ Wind makes our drinking water dirty as soil
particles are carried into the water.
➢ Wind helps to spread seeds of some plants by
blowing them to different places where they will
grow into new plants
➢ Wind helps to spread rain over a bigger area.
HOW SHADOWS ARE FORMED

4. ➢ Light travels in a straight line
➢ When light rays are blocked by an opaque object a dark
area appears behind the object.
➢ This dark area is called a SHADOW
➢ An opaque object is anything which light cannot pass
through such as walls, trees. e.t.c
➢
HOW SHADOWS CHANGE IN SIZE IN RELATION TO
POSITION OF THE SUN
➢ Shadows change in size, length and direction depending
on the position of the sun.
➢ Shadows are longest in the early morning
➢ During midday or noon ,shadows are longest
➢ In the late afternoon ,shadows are longest
➢ Shadows appear on the west side of objects in the
morning
➢ In the afternoon they appear on the east of objects
CHANGES IN THE SHAPE OF THE MOON
➢ The changes in the shape of the moon are called Phases
of the Moon
➢ When the moon looks as if it is getting bigger ,we say it
is WAXING



➢ When it looks as if it is getting smaller or shrinking
,we say it is WANING
➢ The changes in the size of the moon is caused changes
in the positions of the sun, the moon and earth.

5. WATER POLLUTION.

WAYS IN WHICH WATER CAN BE POLLUTED
➢ Washing our clothes in rivers or dams
➢ Swimming in the river
➢ Urinating and defecating in rivers and dams
➢ Animal dung being released in the river
➢ Leaving dead animals in the river
➢ Throwing litter or waste in the river
➢ Disposing chemicals into dams and rivers
WAYS OF DISPOSING WATER
We get rid of water in the following ways:
➢ Dirty water can be used to water crops in the garden if
it has no chemicals
➢ Dirty water can be cleaned or treated and used again
This is called RECYCLING
➢ Water that contains chemicals can be pumped into
sewage ponds or dams
➢ Dirty water can be poured into a soak pit
WAYS OF AVOIDING WATER POLLUTION
➢ People should not throw their litter or waste into the
waste
➢ Avoid washing clothes near the river or dam
➢ Do not urinate or pass faeces into the river
➢ Fence dams to stop animals from passing dung and
urine in the river
➢ Factories must not throw chemicals in the river and
dams
WATERBORNE DISEASES
➢ Water borne diseases are those diseases that we can get
when we drink, touch or come into with dirty water
o Examples of Water borne diseases
➢ Cholera
➢ Bilharzia
➢ Diarrhoea
➢ Typhoid
➢ Dysentery


SYMPTOMS OF MALARIA AND BILHARZIA
MALARIA
➢ Malaria is not water borne disease. It is spread
anopheles mosquitoes
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF MALARIA

➢ Person feels weak ,sleepy, dizzy, and headache
➢ Person has high body temperature and sweats a lot
➢ The liver becomes bigger

6. ➢ The brain may be affected and the person may
become unconscious
BILHARZIA
➢ There is blood in urine and stools
➢ Person feels weak , dizzy and has a headache
EFFECTS OF RUNNING WATER AND WIND ON THE
SOIL
➢ Running water and wind leaves the land without soil on
top
➢ Water and wind usually carry away the soil
➢ Running water and wind can make soil erosion happen
➢ Fertile top soil needed by the plants is carried away
➢ Small channels, stream and gullies are formed when the
soil is taken away by the running water.
CAUSES OF SOIL EROSION
▪ Cutting down trees
➢ If trees and grasses are destroyed wind and running
water can easily carry away the soil since it is not
covered
▪ Stamp on the soil
➢ During the dry season there are many out breaks of
bush fires
➢ These fires burn grasses and trees
➢ As a result the soil is left bare and washes away easily
▪ Plants to grow
➢ When there are many animals in a place, they will eat
so much grass that very little remains to cover the soil
▪ Ploughing up and down the slope
➢ The grooves (furrows) made by the plough makes it
easier for water to flow straight down the slope


EFFECTS OF SOIL EROSION ON THE
ENVIRONMENT
➢ Top fertile soil is lost
➢ Plants in our environment grow poorly
➢ Long deep holes in the ground called gullies are formed
➢ Animal homes are destroyed
SOIL CONSERVATION
➢ When

7. CHARACTERISTICS OF SEEDS
➢ Seeds differ in :
• Size
• Shape
• Colour
• Texture


SEEDS SIZ
E

SHAPE COLO
UR
TEXTUR
E
BEANS small rectangle White Soft

MAIZE Small Oval White Hard

SORGHUM Small Circle Red Soft

ORANGE Big Oval White Hard

WATERMELON Big Oval Black Hard

PUMPKIN big oval Green Hard


TIME TAKEN SEEDS TO GERMINATE
➢ Germination is when seeds starts growing into a new
plant
➢ Different seeds germinate at different times
➢ Most crops take between 5 -7 days
EFFECTS OF LIGHT AND DARKNESS ON PROUTING
SEEDS AND SEEDLINGS
➢ Seedlings (young plants) need light to grow well
➢ Without light ,seedlings grow thin and turn yellowish
➢ When seedlings receive light, leaves will be green and
grow well.



DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DRY AND SOAKED BEANS
❖ Dry seeds are hard and difficult to split
❖ Soaked seeds are soft and easier to split
❖ Dry beans do not change in size
❖ Soaked seeds are bigger because they have taken in
water

8. COMMON VEGETABLES
• Potatoes
• Onions
• Carrots
• Beetroots
• Peas
• Beans
• Tomatoes

9. IMPORTANCE OF DOMESTIC AND WILD ANIMALS
✓ Animals provide us with food
✓ We use cattle ,donkeys for ploughing
✓ Horses and donkeys are used to transport
✓ Skins from animals are used to make shoes
✓ We use wool from sheep and goats to make clothes
✓ We use dogs for hunting
✓ Dogs protect us in our homes
✓ Wild animals attract visitors /tourists to our country
DOMESTIC AND WILD ANIMALS
• Domestic Animals
❖ Domestic animals are animals that are kept or raised at
homes
❖ Examples of Domestic Animals
• Chickens
• Dogs
• Sheep
• Donkeys
• Goats
• Horses
• Cats
• Pigs
• Wild Animals
❖ Wild animals are animals that live freely or are not kept
at home. They live in the bush
❖ Examples of Wild Animals
• Lions
• Elephants
• Baboons
• Snakes
• Giraffes
• Monkeys
• Tortoises
• Zebras

HABITATS FOR ANIMALS
❖ Habitat is a place where animals live
▪ In water
❖ Crocodile
❖ Fish
❖ Hippopotamus
❖ Snails
❖ Frogs
▪ Underground
❖ Rabbits
❖ Snakes
❖ Ants
❖ Squirrels
❖ Rats
▪ In nests
❖ Doves
❖ Ostriches
❖ Birds
▪ On Rocks

10. ❖ Snakes
❖ Monkeys
❖ Lizards

▪ On trees
❖ Eagles
❖ Butterflies
❖ Baboons
▪ On open land
❖ Lions
❖ Tigers
❖ Giraffes
❖ Buffaloes
❖ Hyenas
❖ Elephants
HOW ANIMALS CAN BE HARMFUL OR DESTRUCTIVE
❖ Animals can eat our crops
❖ Dogs can bite us and cause serious injuries or wounds
❖ Dogs can bite us and infect us with diseases like rabbits
❖ Lions ,snakes and elephants can attack and kill us
❖ Lions ,jackals and hyenas kill and eat our domestic
animals



PERSONAL HYGIENE
What is grooming?
❖ Grooming is keeping ourselves clean and neat
❖ Grooming can also mean having a good posture and
appearance
HOW DO WE KEEP OUR BODIES CLEAN
❖ Washing with warm water and soap
❖ Brushing our teeth using the toothbrush and toothpaste
before and after eating
❖ We should brush our teeth three times a day
❖ Cutting our nails short using nail cutter
❖ Using handkerchief or tissue paper to blow or wipe our
nostrils
THINGS THAT KEEP OUR BODIES CLEAN
❖ Handkerchief
❖ Comb
❖ Toothbrush
❖ Ear buds
❖ Toothpaste
❖ Vaseline
❖ Soap
❖ Nail cutter
❖ Tissue paper
❖ Toilet paper

11. OUR TEETH
❖ When a baby is born it has no teeth
❖ After a few months the first front teeth called milk teeth
start to grow
❖ An adult has 32 teeth
CAUSES OF TOOTH DECAY
❖ Tooth decay is when the tooth is rotten
❖ Eating a lot of sweets or foods containing sugar
❖ Using an old brush will not clean the teeth properly
❖ Not brushing our teeth after eating
❖ Not eating enough vegetables ,fruits ,cheese ,fish, milk,
and meat
EFFECTS OF TOOTH DECAY
❖ When our teeth rot we feel pain or will have toothache
❖ Tooth decay leads to Gum Disease
❖ A person with rotten teeth has problem in eating and
chewing food
❖ If our teeth rot they fall out
WAYS OF PREVENTING TOOTH DECAY
❖ We should brush our teeth with a toothpaste which
contains fluoride
❖ Brush teeth correctly after meals, after breakfast, lunch
and before going to bed.
❖ Do not eat too many sweets because they will cause
tooth decay
❖ We must visit the dentist every 6 months to check our
teeth
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
❖ Substance Abuse means misuse of drugs
❖ Substances that are usually abused are
▪ Glue
▪ Cigarettes
▪ Medicine
▪ Beer
▪ Marijuana
▪ Pills

EFFECTS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
❖ Drug abuse cause
▪ Road accidents
▪ Death
▪ Divorce
▪ Liver and brain damage
▪ Cancer and heart problems
▪ Loss of weight
▪ Addiction
▪ Slow reaction
▪ Violent behaviour such as fighting and
insulting others
❖ SAFETY
❖ ROAD SIGNS

12. ▪ Road signs are found along the road
▪ They can be painted on the road
▪ They are mounted on poles on the road

❖ USES OF ROAD SIGNS
▪ They control movements of people and
cars and vehicles
▪ They help people to travel without
accidents
▪ They help people find places

❖ WARNING SIGNS

▪ Warning signs tell or make to be aware
of possible dangers on the road
▪ When you see these signs you must
drive carefully
▪ PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
❖ IMPORTANCE OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
❖ Protective clothing are special clothing we wear when
we do certain jobs
• Welders
❖ Wear gloves, face masks, and protect themselves from
the heat and light caused by welding
• Miners
❖ Wear helmets to protect their heads from being injured
by the falling rocks
• Firefighters
❖ Wear thick clothes ,face masks ,gloves ,and boots to
protect themselves from the smoke and heat of the fire
❖ People who work where there is very loud noise wear
protectors to protect their ears from being damaged
DEPARTMENTS AND PERSONNEL THAT KEEP US
SAFE
❖ Education ------------------ teachers
❖ Military --------------------- soldiers
❖ Police --------------------- police officers
❖ Health --------------------- doctors and nurses
❖ Fire brigades ------------- fire fighters
HARZARDOUS HOUSEHOLD EQUIPMENT AND
SUBSTANCES
▪ Equipment are tools that can be
dangerous
❖ Saw

❖ Axe

❖ Spade

❖ Screwdriver

13. DANGEROUS MATERIALS AND SUBSTANCES
❖ Rat poison+
❖ Matches
❖ Benzene
❖ Bottle
❖ Washing powder
❖ Plastic bags
❖ Vinegar
❖ Spirit
HOW TO HANDLE DANGEROUS EQUIPMENT AND
MATERIALS AND SUBSTANCES
❖ You should not hold a knife by the blade
❖ Do not keep the sharp equipment in your pockets e.g.
razors
❖ Do not hold the screwdriver with the blade pointing
forward
❖ Keep poisonous substances locked in the cupboard
HOW TO STORE HAZARDOUS HOUSEHOLD
EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS AND SUBSTANCES
❖ Keep them in locked cupboards
❖ Keep them out of reach of children
❖ Do not keep dangerous chemicals in soft drinks’ bottles
,because children will drink them
❖ Store substances that burn easily away from the fire e.
g. petrol
❖ Tools should be kept away from people so that they will
not injure them
❖
❖ FOOD AND NUTRITION
❖ We can group food according to where they come from
(sources)
❖ The food we eat come from
▪ `Plants
▪ Animals
Examples of food from animals
▪ eggs
▪ milk
▪ fish
▪ ice cream
▪ meat
▪ cheese
Examples of food from plants
❖ apples
❖ bananas
❖ peaches
❖ mangoes
❖ onions
❖ tomatoes
❖ pumpkin
❖ oranges

14. GROUPS OF FOOD ACCORDING TO FUNCTION
❖ Energy-giving foods

▪ Spaghetti
▪ Maize meal
▪ Sugar
▪ Cooking oil
▪ Margarine
▪ Bread
❖ Body building foods
▪ Fish
▪ Eggs
▪ Meat
▪ Peanut butter
▪ Chicken
▪ Beans
▪ Mophane worms
▪ Milk
❖ Protective foods
▪ Milk
▪ Apples
▪ Carrots
▪ Pumpkin
▪ Spinach
▪ Cabbage
DIFFERENT TYPES OF MEALS EATEN DURING THE
DAY
❖ We eat BREAKFAST in the morning
❖ This is usually energy giving foods
❖ Examples of food eaten during breakfast
▪ Soft porridge
▪ Cornflakes
▪ Bread
▪ Fruit juice
▪ Eggs
▪ Toasted bread
▪ Oats
▪ Fruits
❖ In the afternoon we eat lunch
❖ It usually has food from all the food groups
❖ Examples of food eaten during LUNCH
▪ Soup
▪ Samp
▪ Rice
▪ Beans
▪ Stiff porridge
▪ Macaroni
▪ Chicken
▪ Mixed salads or vegetables
❖ In the evening we eat SUPPER
❖ Supper is made up of body building and protective
foods
❖ Examples of food eaten during supper
▪ Rice
▪ Macaroni
▪ Potatoes

15. ▪ Fruit
▪ Pudding
▪ Samp
▪ Drink
MEALS OF THE DAY
❖ Food eaten in the morning is called BREAKFAST
❖ Around one o’clock we eat LUNCH
❖ In the evening we eat before we go to sleep we eat a
meal called SUPPER
PLANNING A MEAL
❖ When planning a meal you must make sure that
▪ It is a balanced meal
▪ It includes foods from all food groups
▪ Consider how the food will be prepared
▪ Consider the people who are going to eat
the meal
FOOD EATEN AT DIFFERENT TIMES OF THE DAY
❖ Breakfast
▪ Tea /coffee
▪ Bread
▪ Toast
▪ Egg
▪ Fruit
❖ Lunch
▪ Stiff porridge
▪ Juice
▪ Vegetables
▪ Mixed salads
▪ Meat /fish
❖ Supper
▪ Potatoes
▪ Meat
▪ Beans
HEALTHY EATING HABITS
❖ Eating the right amount of food from different food
groups
❖ Washing your hands before eating
❖ Sitting down when eating and chewing the food
properly
UNHEALTHY EATING HABITS
❖ Eating a lot of sweets, chocolates ,and biscuits
❖ Eating with dirty hands
❖ Running around while eating
❖ Eating very fast

16. WHAT IS A TALENT?
❖ A talent is the ability to do something
❖ A talent means you are good at doing something
❖ Examples of talents
▪ Singing
▪ Dancing
▪ Cooking
▪ Drawing
▪ Playing netball
▪ Playing football
▪ Writing
▪ Weaving baskets
▪ Telling stories
❖ HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR TALENT
o By practicing
o Learning from others
o Reading books
o Watching television
o Listening to the radio
❖ TALENTS
o Talents improve and build our relationships
because:
❖ Talents make us to help each other
❖ Our talents help us to live well with others
❖ Talents help us to work together
❖ People can be kind, caring and loving to others
when they practice their talents

PROVERBS THAT ENCOURAGE THE USE OF TALENTS
❖ God helps those who help themselves
❖ Modimo o thusa ba ba ithusang
❖ If you wish to be a writer write
❖ Fa o eletsa go nna mokwadi kwala
❖ Where there is a will there is a way
❖ Fa go nnang le keletso go nna l;e tsela
TRADITIONAL ROLES OF FAMILY MEMBERS
o Roles of the father
❖ Takes care of the family
❖ He is the head of the family
❖ He built traditional houses
❖ He hunted wild animals
❖ He looked after the cattle and goats
❖ He made kraals
❖ He milked cattle and goats
❖ He cleared the field
o Roles of the mother
❖ She cooked for the family
❖ She built huts
❖ She weaved baskets
❖ She looked after children
❖ She swept the yard
❖ She grew crops for the family
❖ She build walls for mud houses
❖ Roles of boys
❖ Looked after cattle and goats

17. ❖ Helped father to milk cows and goats
❖ Cut poles for building kraals
❖ Helped to clear crop fields

o Roles of girls
❖ Helped mother to cook
❖ Washed clothes
❖ Pounded grain
❖ Collected firewood
❖ Fetched water
❖ Helped to look after children

CHANGES IN ROLES
❖ Some mothers are now heads of their families
❖ Some fathers cook and wash for the family
❖ Women work outside the home and get money
❖ Boys and girls go to school
CARING FOR OTHERS
❖ Some people cannot take care of themselves because
they are
▪ Very old
▪ Very young
▪ Disabled
▪ Sick
❖ We care for others by
o Cooking for them
o Helping them take medicine
o Washing their clothes
o Feeding them
o Taking them to the clinic
o Talking to them so that they are not bored
SAFETY MEASURES WHEN TAKING CARE OF THE
SICK
❖ When we take of the sick people we should protect
ourselves against the germs.
❖ Wear gloves
❖ Do not share a cup with the sick person who has
tuberculosis
❖ Wash your hands with a germ killer after helping the
sick person
A CARING ATTITUDE TOWARDS OTHERS
❖ Sick people need help and care
❖ We should help them with joy and understanding
❖ We must make them feel at home
❖ We must make them feel they are needed
❖ We must tell them that they will get well and better


CHARACTERITICS OF A GOOD FRIEND

18. ❖ A good friend is someone who is
▪ Helpful
▪ Kind
▪ Honest
▪ Sharing
▪ Respects you
▪ Loving
▪ Caring
▪ Listens to you
▪ Keeps secrets
▪ Plays with you

❖ OBSTACLES TO FRIENDSHIP
o We cannot be friends to some people because:
▪ We play different games
▪ We go to different schools
▪ We have different ages
▪ We look different
▪ They fight with us
▪ They are jealous
WHAT DO WE HAVE IN COMMON WITH OUR FRIENDS
❖ We may like the same food
❖ We may like the same kind of games
❖ We may go to the same school
❖ We may attend the same church

WAYS OF MAINTAINING FRIENDSHIP
❖ What we can do to keep our friends
o Do not tell lies to your friends
o Be someone your friend can trust
o Respect your friend
o Be kind to your friend
o Be honest to your friend
o Be helpful to your friend
o Be loving to your friend
o Care about your friend
VALUES OF FRIENDSHIP
❖ Why our friends are important
o Friends play together
o Friend shares happiness together
o Friends learn from each other
o Friends share what they have
o Friends help each other

❖ PROVERBS ABOUT FRIENDSHIP
o A friend is a friend in need
o A friend is easier lost than found
o There is nothing better than an encouragement
of a good friend

19. HUMAN RIGHTS
❖ What are human rights?
o Human rights are those things that everyone or
every person is allowed to have because he /she
is a human being

o Examples of human rights


▪ The right to live
▪ The right to eat
▪ The right to education
▪ The right to have a place to live (shelter)
▪ The right to medical care
▪ The right to have clothes
▪ The right to be free and safe
▪ The right to belong to any religion

HUMNAN RIGHTS THAT GUARD AGAINST UNEQUAL
TREATMENT
❖ All people must be treated in the same way even if we
are different
❖ The right to go school-----everyone is expected to have
good education
❖ The right to choose your religion---- free to go to any
church

PEOPLE WHO ARE DISCRIMINATED AGAINST
❖ When people are discriminated against it means they
are not treated EQALLY
❖ People may not be treated fairly because of their
o Culture
o Religion
o Skin colour
o Place of origin( where they come from)
❖ In Botswana some people who are not treated fairly are
o disabled
o men
o women
o orphans
o destitudes




❖ HOW RELIGION HELPS PROTECT THE WAY
PEOPLE ARE TREATED

❖ Different religions help bring respect for other people
❖ Religions teach people that all people are important
❖ Religions teach people to treat each other fairly as God
does

20. ❖ Religious institutions give people food and clothes
❖ Religious institutions take care of the orphans and
disabled
❖ Some religions build special places called HOSPICES
o A hospice is a place where very sick people are
cared for until they die
PROBLEMS PEOPLE HAVE WHEN THEIR HUMAN
RIGHTS ARE TAKEN AWAY (VIOLATED)
❖ Hungry children have to look for food from waste bins
❖ They end up becoming street kids( bo--bashi)
❖ People do not get well paid jobs e. g. house maids and
cattle herders
❖ People turn into begging
❖ People turn into crime like stealing and house—
breaking
IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RIGHTS
❖ Human rights are important because they encourage
people to:
▪ Live happily in peace
▪ Respect each other
▪ Treat each other equally and fairly
▪ Help or care for others when there is
need

CHARACTERISTICS OF PEACE
❖ Peace is there is no fight ,quarrel and war
❖ What shows us that there is peace
o There are no wars
o People are happy
o Children play freely
o People work together
o People feel safe in their homes
IMPORTANCE OF PEACE
Where there is peace:
• Children are free to play and go
to school
• People can use their money and
to improve their lives
• The government spends more
money on education ,health care,
and building roads

ORGANISATIONS THAT WORK
FOR PEACE
❖ The United Nations
❖ Botswana Police
❖ Botswana Red Cross Society
❖ Botswana Defence Force
❖ SADC
❖ Ditshwanelo
❖ Churches

21. RULES THAT HELP US TO KEEP PEACE
❖ Respect others
❖ Talk to each other when there are problems
❖ Obey all the laws in our society
❖ Treat each other the way you expect them to
treat you
SYMBOLS OF PEACE
▪ A symbol is a picture of a sign that
shows there is peace
















CONFLICTS
What is a conflict?
❖ A conflict is when people disagree , quarrel or fight
❖ For example
▪ Conflict between a child and an adult
▪ Conflict between adults
▪ Conflict between parent in different
place
▪ Children fighting
▪ Parents quarrelling or fighting

❖ EFFECTS /RESULTS OF CONFLICTS
o Conflicts lead to war
o Crime like stealing increase
o People are killed or injured
o People lose their property like houses

❖ HOW TO DEAL WITH CONFLICTS IN THE
SOCIETY
o Talk to each other
o Teacher can help solve some problems
o Kgosi can solve some of the problems



PEOPLE IN AUTHORITY

22. • Kgosi--- makes decisions at the kgotla
• Other people who have authority are
o Doctors
o Teachers
o Police Officers
o Pastors
o Soldiers

• ROLE OF PEOPLE WITH AUTHORITY
o Kgosi : settles conflicts between people in the
village
o Kgosana: settles conflicts between people in a
ward
o Councilor: tell the council what people need
o Member of Parliament :tell the government
people’s needs
o Pastor / Priest: teach the word of God
o School Head: run the school
o Police :arrest people who break the law






POWER STRUCTURE IN A VILLAGE








POWER STRUCTURE IN A CITY






RULES
KGOSI
DEPUTY KGOSI
KGOSI REPRESENTATIVE
KGOSANA
MAYOR









DEPUTY MAYOR
OTHER COUNCILLORS

23. • What are rules?
o Rules are ways in which things should be done
o Rules tell us how to behave

❖ PEOPLE RESPONSIBLE FOR MAKING RULES
• Parents
• School Heads / Teachers
• Chief/ Kgosana
• Councilors
• Member of Parliament
❖ LOCAL RULES
▪ These are rules for people living in the
same ward
▪ Examples of Local Rules
o All visitors should be reported to the kgosana
o Kgosana should be told when someone dies in
the ward
❖ COMMUNITY RULES
▪ These are rules for all people living in
the village /town
▪ For example
o No fighting in the village
o Keep the village clean
o Do not drive above 60km/h

❖ IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNITY RULES
o Rules teach people how to behave
o Rules help us to keep peace
o ETHNIC GROUPS
❖ Ethnic group is a group of people who have common
characteristics such as food, clothing, totem and
language
o ETHNIC GROUPS IN BOTSWANA
o Bangwato
o Basarwa
o Bakgalagadi
o Batlokwa
o Balete
o Bangwaketsi
o Bakalaka
o Batawana
o Bakgatla
o Batswapong
o
❖ I belong to Batswapong ethnic group

o CHARACTERISTICS OF ETHNIC GROUPS
• People of the same ethnic group
speak the same language
• They share the totem
• They eat common food
• They wear similar cultural
clothes
• They dance the same cultural
music

24. ❖ ETHNIC GROUPS FOUND IN MOSHOPHA
VILLAGE
❖ Bangwato
❖ Basarwa
❖ Bakgalagadi
❖ Bayei
❖ Bangwaketsi
❖ Batlokwa
❖ Bakgatla
CULTURAL EQUALITY
o All people are equal even if they belong to different
groups
o We should treat each other the same in order to have
peacein our country
o People belonging to different cultures have the same
rights which should be respected
BENEFITS OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY
o We can make friends from other ethnic groups
o We can learn new skills and ideas of doing things
o Life becomes interesting as we socialise
o We can learn how to play different games from other
cultures
MUTUAL TOLERANCE FOR CULTURAL DIVERSITY
o We must respect each other’s culture
o We must accept other peoples’ cultures
o We should know that everyone’s culture is very
important
o Respecting each other’s culture can bring peace
amongst
LANGUAGES SPOKEN IN MY COMMUNITY
• Different ethnic groups speak different languages
• Languages spoken in my village are:
▪ Setswapong
▪ Sengwaketse
▪ Sengwato
▪ Sekalaka
▪ Sekgatla
▪ Sekgalagadi
▪ Sekwena
ROLE OF LANGUAGE IN CULTURAL IDENTITY
• Language is important because
o It shows which ethnic group one belongs to
o It shows where we come from
o We use it to tell other people what we want
o It is part of our culture
o We can learn useful things from others

CHANGE IN LANGUAGES

25. • Language may change people who speak different
languages live together
• Sometimes people copy or borrow words from other
languages
• For example:
▪ The Setswana word buka comes from
the English word book
▪ Tafole comes from the word table

BODY LANGUAGE
• Body language is the use of our body parts to send
message to people about what you are feeling
• This is when we talk to other people without making
sound or speaking
• For example we can show we agree by nodding our
heads
• We can show that we want something by raising our
hands
• We can show we do not know something by moving
our shoulders
• We can greet by shaking hand or moving
BODY LANGUAGE AND CULTURE
• People in Botswana belong to different cultures
• Their body language differ from one culture to culture
• For example:
• Among Bakalaka a young person greet an elder person
by placing his hands between the hands of the elderly
person.
• In most cultures receiving with two hands is a sign of
respect.
• A young person kneels down when giving an elderly
person something to respect the elderly.













SHELTER AND CULTURAL IDENTITY

26. People build different types of houses and homes














o TYPES OF MATERIALS USED IN
CONSTRUCTION
❖ Different cultures use different materials to build
houses because the materials they use are found in their
locality or area.
▪ Examples of building materials are
• Soil
• Trees
• Branches
• Grass
• Reeds
❖ Bayei and Bahambukushu use reeds to build their
traditional homes because these plants grow in their
area around Okavango river.
❖ Batswapong, Babirwa Bakalaka use soil and cow dung
to build traditional houses

▪ SHELTER DESIGNS AND CULTURE
❖ The way the houses are designed depend on :
▪ The way of life of people
▪ What they prefer or like
▪ The weather ,how hot or cold the area is
▪ The use and purpose of the house
▪ The materials available in the area.
❖ The Designs and Use of the Buildings
▪ The buildings have different use.
o The shop is used for selling
o Setswana hut is used for sleeping
o Toilet is used for collecting human waste
o Most of the time buildings are shaped so that
they suit the way they are used

27. ❖ SHELTER AND DERCORATIONS
o Every ethnic group has a certain way of
decorating their huts and houses
o Soils of different colours are used to paint
patterns on the walls and floors.
o The patterns and soils used may differ from one
ethnic group to another.
o For example:
▪ Bakgatla decorate their huts with red soil
▪ Bangwato and Batswapong mix colours
such as black ,white and red
▪ Some ethnic groups use cow dung
❖ ARTIFACTS AND CULTURE
o Artifacts are man-made objects that are used at
home
▪ Examples of Artifacts are :
▪ Mortar (kika)
▪ Pestle ( motshe)
▪ Tlatlana
▪ Loselo
▪ Bucket
▪ Phate
▪ Mogopo wa logong
o Mortar and pestle are used to crush corn into
powder
o The pestle is used for stamping
o Ethnic group in Botswana uses mortar and
pestle differently.
o Bangwato , Bakalaka , Babirwa use longer
pestle
o Hold the pestle with two hands
o Bakwena ,Bakgatla and Bangwaketse use a
shorter pestle curved in the middle ,making it
easy to hold and it is held with one hand when
stamping
o Baskets are made in the Okavango area:
o ARTIFACTS IN THE COMMUNITY
❖ Sepora
❖ Claypot
❖ Leselo
❖ Tlatlana
❖ Diphate
❖ Pestle







RELIGIOUS BELIEFS IN OUR
COMMUNITY
❖ Our communities are made up of different

28. ❖ Example of Religions in our Community

o Christianity
o Islam
o African Traditional Religion
o Sikhism

❖ BEHAVIOURS IN DIFFERENT RELIGIONS
o Christians praise God and teach people :
▪ Not to kill
▪ Not to steal
▪ Not to tell lies
o Islam they praise Muhammed and they teach
people:
▪ Not to drink
▪ Not to steal
▪ Not to kill
o In African Traditional Religion they believe in
Badimo
o They teach people to :
▪ Not to tell lies
▪ To respect elders
▪ Not to kill
o In Sikhism they belief in God and teach people
to :
▪ Not to kill
▪ Not to steal
▪ Not to smoke

❖ RELIGIOUS PRACTICES IN DIFFERENT
RELIGIONS
o CHRISTIANITY
❖ Christians baptize new members in the church
❖ They use water
❖ Others put the whole body of a person into water
❖ Others just make a cross on the forehead using water
❖ The pastor says:
❖ ” I baptize you in the name of the father, the son and the
holy spirit
❖ Holy places for Christmas are Moria for ZCC, in South
Africa ZCC members visit Moria every year.
o ISLAM
❖
❖ Muslims do not eat food or take drinks during the year
of Ramadan.
❖ This is called FASTING
❖ Holy place for Muslims is Mecca in Saudi Arabia
o African Traditional Religion
❖ They shave the heads of new born babies
❖ They also shave the family members of a dead person
after the funeral
❖ They also visit the graves to clean and talk to the dead
o OTHER BELIEFS AND PRACTICES IN
DIFFERENT RELIGIONS
o People pray in different ways
o For example:

29. o Some close their eyes when they pray
o Muslims stand, kneel and touch the ground with
their with their heads when they pray.
o People pray at different times
o Some pray on Sunday
o Muslims pray on Friday
o Seventh Day Adventists pray on Saturday

o RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS
❖ A festival is a celebration or joyful occasion
❖ All religions have times or days or events in those
religions
o AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION
❖ They celebrate DIKGAFELA
❖ It is held to thank the ancestors for the good harvest
o CHRISTIANS
❖ They celebrate Christmas
❖ It is done to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ
❖ On this day people exchange presents, eat food and
wear new clothes.
o EASTER
❖ It is the time Jesus died on the cross and came back to
life after 3 days
o HINDUISM
❖ They celebrate DIVALI
❖ It is held to remember a god called RAMA
❖ DIVALI means LIGHT
❖ On this day Hindus decorate their homes with light
o ISLAM
❖ They celebrate El –ul-fitr
❖ It is held after a month of fasting
❖ The month of fasting (when Muslims do not eat) is
called Ramadan
❖ During El –ul-fitr Muslims eat light meals
❖



Prestige