Fascism And Nazism Similarities

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1. Fascism And Nazism Similarities
Fascism and Nazism. Both once prominent forms of government during the 20th century, and now
the number of countries that use either one of these governments is diminishing. Fascism and
Nazism both emerged because of a general crisis of the European political system during the late
19th century to the end of World War 1. Fascism was motivated by the fears of of social as well as
political disintegration, and of political revolution on the part of both ruling of the lower and middle
classes (Encylopedia.com Editors, 2017). Europe would later see many Nazi and Fascists
movements during the time period between World War 1 and World War 2; however, in only Italy
and Germany did these forms of government manage to come to power and develop into their
respective regimes (Encylopedia.com Editors, 2017). While these two once prominent governments
share some similarities, they also share many differences.
Fascism first exploded onto the political scene during the 1919 as the first mass movement of of the
middle class citizens in both Italy as well as Germany. In this political party, important sections of
the economic and political establishments sought out to attempt to preserve the status quo in the
revolutionary times (Encylopedia.com Editors, 2017). This form of government appealed to many
lower and middle class citizens because it made it seem that they were at control of the political
party. Fascism was popular to the public in general just because it brought out a
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3. Fascism And Anti Rationalism
Fascism has an anti–character it is defined by what it opposes. Discuss.
Fascism as an ideology is opposed to much of what many perceive as belonging in a modern society
such as its anti –Semitic, anti–race and anti– rationalist beliefs. In contrast, fascism is also
accustomed to having many beliefs that it is positive towards such as Ultranationalism,
Expansionism and Corporatism. Therefore, Fascism does have an anti–character as it is defined by
what it opposes.
Fascism is anti– rationalist and counter–enlightenment which was a very late nineteenth century
policy. The enlightenment was based on the ideas of universal reason, natural goodness and
progress. It was committed to liberating humans from the darkness of irrationalism and superstition.
Friedrich Nietzsche proposed that humans are motivated by powerful emotions rather than their
rational mind which he called 'will to power'. Many Fascists instead believe in vitalism where
organisms gain characterises from instinct rather than reason. Anti–rationalism has influenced
fascism in many ways. Firstly, it gave fascism anti– intellectualism reflected in its tendency to go
straight into action. For example, Mussolini's favourite slogans included 'action not talk' and
'inactivity is death'. Secondly, by abandoning the standard of universal reason fascism placed its
faith in history alone. For example, Mussolini promised to take Italy back to the time of the Roman
Empire. While Hitler created a 'Third Reich' to follow
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5. Fascism In Russia
After World War One, many people yearned to return to normalcy; however, those desires were
rendered by the carnage and destruction caused by the war. In the twentieth century, fascism was a
response to many complicated social challenges and to the spread of Western liberal democracy. For
the growing fascist movements, the period after the First World War was seen as a time to bring
change to the nature of society, state, and international policies and laws. The rise of fascism in
Europe started in the early 1900's due to cultural pessimism, the tragic consequences caused by the
war, and the incapability of liberal democratic regimes to cope with the war's consequences. After
the Second World War, people can argue that fascism has long disappeared ... Show more content on
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The current global economic and political climate has promoted the question of whether fascism is
on the rise again. Vladimir Putin is one of the few current world leaders who has shown fascist
tendencies. Putin's Russia has many elements that are reminiscent of the early 1900's fascism. There
are many similarities between Putin's Russia and the fundamental principles of classical fascism.
Putin asserts Russian power by putting pressure on weak neighboring states, and slams the West's
criticism of his policies and actions. By annexing Crimea and supporting pro–Russian separatists in
eastern Ukraine in 2014, Russia was able to justify "its military–patriotic mobilization of society"
and the transformation of Russia into a "besieged fortress" (Motyl, 2016, pg. 29). The annexation of
Crimea made Russian citizens feel a wave of vicarious optimism. Putin's 'bully' attitude and
aggression are supposed to manifest Russian ethnic and cultural revitalization after decades of
decline. Similar to Mussolini, Putin is building his regime on the promises of greatness, the display
of military force, and the campaign to make Russia great again. Putin's actions and policies provide
the Russian citizens with a sense of national pride, which has been lacking since the post–Soviet era.
He continues to pursue strategies and policies that restore Russian pride while consolidating power
and influence in Russia. Putin lacks of interest in engaging with Western politics has also
contributed to the rise of his popularity at
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7. Mussolini Fascism Analysis
The popularity of Mussolini's fascism among returning veterans was not only because of the
comradery that Mussolini shared with them, but also the role that veterans played in fascismo. Welk
(1938, 8–9), notes a publication in which, Mussolini campaigned for the right of returned soldiers to
lead Italy towards becoming a great nation and a new world power. In order to understand how
powerful this image was, it is important to understand the Post–war Italian economy. Though Italy
had claimed victory in 1918, it came at the cost of the lives of approximately 600 thousand Italian
soldiers, and nearly everyone in Italy outside of war profiteers exited the war more impoverished.
Particularly, the transition from war to peace time production was a slow and painful process. Thus,
while Italy claimed military victory, the post–war economy was not only crippled but also
disorganized. This left laborers eager to lend their ears to a solution, and two powerful but
contrasting ideologies to vie for their support. The first to consider is Communism. A year before,
communism had claimed an important victory in the Russian revolution of 1917. The decisive
victory of the Russian proletariat in Welk's (1938, 9–11) opinion provoked Italian communists to
encourage the same in Italy. The following years were characterized by strikes, and worker's seizing
the means of production, as the working class attempted to seize power throughout the nation. One
notable example occurred on April 10, 1919,
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9. Similarities Between Communism And Fascism
The Goal of the Leader
Communism, Fascism, and religion were the prominent political ideologies of the twentieth century.
Each political ideology had different views on how to deal with the modern world. Communism and
Fascism were created in a time when the nations state was the most important thing for citizens.
Communist leaders rejected the idea of the state, while fascism embraced it. Iranian leaders were
primarily focused with Shi'a, a sect of Islam, which was unique compared to the outside world. In
dealing with the modern views of the time the political leaders based their movements on people or
a concept, while causing a common enemy. Due to the time periods and the location in which the
political ideologies occurred the leaders of the movements had different enemies, but the bases of
communism, fascism, and Iranian Shi'as is similar. Communism started in Russia, 1912 but did not
become the official ruling party until 1918. V.I. Lenin was one of the founders ... Show more content
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One of the key enemies against communism in Russia was capitalism. Capitalist were used
synonymously to name the group of people who were to blame for the peasants being poor and not
having "land, labor, and peace". Capitalism is primarily concerned about private ownership, and
trade, which is against communist ideology. The primary message of communism is that there is no
private ownership because everyone works together, not for himself or herself. The other primary
enemy against communism occurring in Russia was the old regime, which was Czarist Russia.
Communist leaders believed the old regime followed the footsteps of capitalism, which is keeping
the poor, poor and solely benefiting the rich. In having modern concepts be deemed the enemy,
Communist leaders of Russia were able to persuade the people of their state to follow their
movement to the fullest potential or they would be deemed helping the
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11. Fascism And The Great Financial Depression
After World War One – with the defeat of Germany, Austrian–Hungarian Empire, Bulgaria and the
Ottoman Empire (Turkey) and the great financial depression which followed in its wake; the
political map of Europe changed drastically. Ideas sprung out of Europe and began to take its hold;
Communism, Socialism, Democracy and other political ideas changed the mostly former
Monarchist states, but one political idea would long lasting impact in Europe – it was fascism.
Fascism rose out of the need to change, by the middle class and petty bourgeoisie, the democratic
system and the values of the Enlightenment, but also against modernity and put a strong totalitarian
state in the center of the nation. So, my essay will be divided in to four main ... Show more content
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It was here that the term fascism took its ideological term (Heywood 2012: 199). In 1922 Mussolini
managed to assume the post of Prime Minister, mostly by a show of force by his armed men the
'Black Shirts'. The government in Italy was paralyzed and fear of a civil war by the King Victor
Emmanuel III opened to the door for Mussolini and his National Fascist Party to assume complete
control in Italy. He used his paramilitary soldiers to crush all opposition to his authority, something
all the rest of the fascist states in Europe would follow. Around the same time another fascist
movement began to emerge in Germany – it was called 'The National Socialist German Workers
Party'; it was led by Adolf Hitler. Fascists in Germany followed the same concepts as Italian ones. In
less than 15 years he had become the supreme leader of Germany – creating a totalitarian state, to
what we know today as Nazi Germany. Both of these fascist movements had most of their support
from the middle class, the industrialists and the respective militaries. It was not until 1935 with the
Italian invasion of Ethiopia, the Spanish fascists struggle for power and Hitler's constant aggressions
in Europe – that we today inherit military aggression with fascism. Nazi Germany and Italy would
eventually lose
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13. Communism And Fascism Similarities
There are many political philosophies in this day and age. Many people seem to confuse the terms
such as Communism, Socialism, and Fascism together. This is major mistake. Although they have
some overlap they are all different ideologies and are not the same thing. These ideologies all have
their own separate beliefs. Their terms are not interchangeable, Socialism is Socialism, not
Communism. Fascism, by definition, is "an authoritarian and nationalistic right–wing system of
government and social organization." The name comes from an Italian word, fascismo. This means
"bundle, political group." This would be prominent in Mussolini's Italy. The main idea is to do what
is best for the state, not necessarily the people. The government would do what they thought would
be best for the wellbeing of the country as a whole, not necessarily its residents.("What is
Fascism?"). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It would be published in his "Communist Manifesto." This ideology would spread to Russia in the
form of Stalin. He would study the works of Marx and bring the ideas with him when he came to
power("Communism."). Another political ideology is socialism. That is "a political and economic
theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange
should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole." This ideology basically makes
everyone even. Equal wages amongst everyone to make society equal. This ideology can be seen in
China today. (What is
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15. What Is Fascism?
What is fascism?
Fascism is a hard ideology to define because nearly every modern government or political
movement has been called 'fascist' by somebody. (The writer has directly addressed the essay
question in the topic sentence of the first paragraph, noting how it can be identified as being
ambiguous, and how it is difficult to define.)
I contend that fascism was a political movement unique to the early 20th century, especially in
Europe, because its worldview was shaped by events and philosophical ideas from the late 19th
century until the interwar period. (Evidence that the writer has considered the words meaning in
terms of context and knowledge of what periods of time are referred as)
Some people have called states like ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(A meta–description of fascists beliefs, maybe not meta but higher order description). Fascism was a
fundamentally violent ideology which praised war and conflict. (Short, effective sentence which sets
up for elaboration.) Both Hitler and Mussolini believed that war was the highest expression of
human ability and society, and sincerely thought that life was a continual (not continuous, edit of the
words, and checking of linkages) conflict between people for limited resources (hence the title of
Hitler's autobiography, Mein Kampf). ('my struggle') (Connection between fascism as an ideology,
and key individuals). To fascists, war was a good thing because it let nations or races decide who
was the strongest and who deserved the planet's resources. (A conclusive sentence, rephrasing the
idea).
Fascism's insistence on embracing irrationality is one that makes it hard to comprehend; although
Hitler and Mussolini wrote their respective handbooks about fascist beliefs (handbooks is a
cognitive metaphor, figure of speech, used to sustain the idea of the previous paragraph), they
ultimately rejected concrete doctrines and
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17. Fascism, Nietzsche, Power
Fascism, Nietzsche, Power
Nietzsche's writing about power dynamics and the creation of the "strong" and "weak," the "good"
and the "bad," is very closely intertwined with the workings of fascist ideology, and how it
understands itself to be "strong." In a Nietzschean sense, however, fascism ultimately fails to be
truly "strong" because it creates itself as a reformed moralistic approach to power, rather than
freeing itself from moralism. More specifically, the construction of the Jews as "weak" by those who
subscribe to fascist ideology, and the portrayal of themselves as "strong,"is almost wholly
antithetical Nietzsche's actual position concerning power dynamics. Instead, as Nietzsche lays out in
The Genealogy of Morals, real power is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nietzsche explains this struggle as a "slave morality," which can only survive if it has a force that
acts against it so its existence is justified; the role of opposition to the slave morality is occupied by
the "strong." He writes "In order to exist at all, slave morality from the outset always needs an
opposing, outer world; in physiological terms, it needs external stimuli in order to act–its action is
fundamentally reaction" (Genealogy of Morals 22). The morality of the strong is precisely the
antithesis of this: it justifies itself by reaffirming the strength of itself – they justify their behaviors
by reaffirming their own lives, not by placing their lives in juxtaposition with the lives of the weak.
Nietzsche expands this, saying "The opposite is the case with the aristocratic mode of evaluation:
this acts and grows spontaneously, it only seeks out its antithesis in order to affirm itself more
thankfully and more joyfully" (Genealogy 22).
What fascists fail to recognize, however, is that fascism does not transcend the need to fight an
opposing force – it does not exist without some "external stimuli" to which the fascists are always
responding. The Jews are constructed as the epitome of this "slave morality"; they are the weak
people subjected by the aristocratically "strong" fascists. But, fascism moralizes in exactly the same
way as the Jews do for Nietzsche;
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19. Fascism Dbq
Q6. Fascism began to rise after the fallout of World War I, this new militant political movement
attracted many people who had felt angry or frustrated with the war. As you can imagine, during this
time millions of people were unhappy with the turnout of World War I, many countries were on the
edge of their breaking points. Countries were trying to return to the previous normal they obtained
before the world had fallen into a deadly and pointless war. People were full of spitefulness and
anger and they wanted answers; henceforth, the popular idea of fascism was created. Fascism was a
political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism and militarism, the movement
also relied heavily on the loyalty to the state and their one strong ... Show more content on
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Millions of people were extremely frustrated with the fallout of World War I, they wanted change
and a strong leader to guide them through their times of trouble. The answer to the people's' prayers
had been given to them with the new political idea of fascism. Not only did fascism rise, Benito
Mussolini and Adolf Hitler also rose to power during these times of crisis. Fascism, Mussolini, and
Hitler were all able to rise to power because the people had called for change, and they found
themselves gravitating towards the ideas of these two intelligent men. Both men were able to
persuade many people over to their side. Millions of people quickly adopted the new ideas of
fascism, Benito Mussolini, and Adolf Hitler, the people saw them as the light at the end of their long
dark tunnels they seemed to be lost
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21. Essay on Fascism
What is Fascism?
Fascism is a 20th century form of nationalistic, militaristic, totalitarian dictatorship that seeks to
create a feasible society through strict regimentation of national and individual lives. Total
subordination to the service of the state and unquestioning loyalty to its leader would adjust
conflicting interests. It is a modern political ideology that looks to regenerate the social, economic,
and cultural life of a country by basing it on a heightened sense of national belonging of ethnic
identity. Fascism rejects liberal ideas of freedom and individual rights, it often presses for the
destruction of elections, legislatures and other elements of democracy. Despite fascism's idealistic
goals, attempts to build fascist ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fascist movements set out to create a new type of total culture in which values; politics, art, social
norms and economic activity are all part of a single organic community. In this way fascism is
directly opposed to consevatism. The fascist movements in Italy and Germany also represented
attempts to create revolutionary new modern states. Even though fascist movements try to bring
about revolutionary change, they emphasis the revival of a mythical ethnic, racial or national past.
They revise conventional history to create a vision of an idealised past. The mythical histories claim
that former greatness has been destroyed by such developments as the mixing of races, the rise of
powerful buisness groups and a loss of a shared sense of the nation. A fascist movement always
asserts that the nation faces a profound crisis. The fascists present the national crisis as resolvable
only through a radical political transformation. They claim the nation has entered a dangerous age of
mediocrity, weakness and decline. They are convinced that through their timely action they can save
the nation from itself. Fascists promise that with their help the national crisis will end and a new age
will begin that restores the people to a sense of belonging, purpose and greatness. They believe that
the end result of a fascist revolution will be the emergence of a new man and woman. This
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23. Essay on Fascism as a Single Doctrine
Fascism as a Single Doctrine
As an ideology Fascism is a child of the twentieth century, which emerged out of a complex range of
historical forces that were present in the period between the two world wars. Fascism was seen very
much as a revolt against modernity, against the ideas and values of the Enlightenment and the
political creeds that it spawned. It emerged most dramatically in Hitler's Germany and Mussolini's
Italy, yet fascist elements can also been detected in Portugal under the dictatorship of Salazar, in
Spain under Franco and in Argentina under Peron. Indeed it can be said that the Fascism that
emerged under Hitler and Mussolini shared many similarities, prompting the two to join ... Show
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Since human beings are born with radically different abilities and attributes, those with rare qualities
rise, through struggle, above those capable only of following. Influenced by Nietzsche's idea of the
"Ubermensch", the "over–man", both Hitler and Mussolini believed that a uniquely gifted individual
would rise up and awaken the people to their destiny. His authority is therefore unlimited. In this
way the phrase "Adolf Hitler is Germany, Germany is Adolf Hitler" was rigorously chanted at
rallies, while the principle "Mussolini is always right' became the core of Italian Fascist doctrine
Fascism and Nazism also embraced an extreme version of expansionist nationalism. They did not
preach respect for distinctive cultures or national traditions, but believed the superiority of one
nation should be asserted over all others. In this way, Fascists and Nazis were committed to
promoting, protecting and expanding the nation. Such militant nationalism was underpinned by a
desire to return to a "Golden Age" of the past. Indeed, Nazis and Fascists emphasised the moral and
cultural decadence of modern society, stressing the possibility of rejuvenation of the nation, like a
phoenix rising from the ashes. Griffen refers to this as "palingenesis". Both Hitler and Mussolini
promoted the glories of the past reflected in the greatness of the Roman
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25. Hilter's Model Of Fascism
Mussolini's articulates his concept of "the State" precisely, and his idea of a community shines
throughout it. Within his ideology, it is the sense of community that takes prominence and race does
not play a huge impact in shaping or changing the sense of society. Hilter, on the other end of the
spectrum, has race as the key concept within his ideology and morals. With that being said, fascism
is not always equivalent to racism. Like most subjects of controversy, there is a spectrum of
extremity. Within fascism, Hilter's explicitly racist views is the most extreme "strand" of fascism but
with that being said, it is possible for the two to not be connected, and the biggest example of this is
within the movie "Starship Troopers" where racism ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From the moment her character gets introduced, it is obvious that she represents the model citizen,
perfectly aligned with Mussolini's concept of citizenship and she is almost consumed by obeying the
State. Mussolini states that "Fascism is a religious conception in which man is seen in his immanent
relationship with a superior law and with an objective Will that transcends the particular individual
and raises him to the conscious membership." (The Doctrine of Fascism, p.g. 375) All of her
decisions – socially and academically – align herself with the best chance to secure the pilot spot,
and to have connections once she achieves her dream. These fascism traits truly can be seen when
she uses flirtation has a skill to get close to Zander – her boyfriend's high school rival – because he
also wants to be a pilot. Another moment is a small yet crucial scene where she leave Johnny to go
talk to someone's sister who is also becoming a pilot. (Starship Troopers) Her character has one
priority, and that is obeying the state and thus becoming the pilot. She says to Zander, "You're going
to the fleeting academy? That's where I want to go too!" (Carmen, Starship Troopers) and that is
when she starts using flirting as a part of her
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27. Fascism : The Rise Of Fascism
Fascism is a difficult Ideology to define as it has common elements such as powerful leaders and
strong elements of Nationalism. To understand the rise of Fascism in Germany it is essential to
understand the impact of the First World War on every aspect of German economic, social and
political life. The Weimar republic faced significant challenges not the least that it was associated
with defeat and the Treaty of Versailles which was exploited by Hitler in his use of propaganda. The
chaotic conditions, the weakness of its opponents and the collusion of elites terrified of communism
all played a role in the rise of Fascism.
The historian Kevin Passmore has pointed out that arriving at a definition of fascism is difficult
largely due to "the contradictory nature of fascism" and the fact that fascists "disagreed amongst
themselves about the very essence of their movement." (Passmore, 2002, pg30) He explains that
ideological perspective affects definition and that these perspectives must be considered by those
seeking a comprehensive definition (Passmore, 2002, pg23). To Passmore "Fascism is a set of
ideologies and practices that seeks to place the nation, defined in exclusive biological, cultural
and/or historical terms above all sources of loyalty and to create a mobilized national community"
(Passmore, 2002, pg31). He explains that while fascist nationalism is reactionary due to its hatred of
socialism and feminism it is also a movement of the radical right because of its
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29. Fascism Research Paper
Fascism in Europe was self–assured of many beliefs present throughout the twenty century which all
established their own changes from each other. Fascism is the genuine dictatorship of confrontation
protagonists. During the inter–war period a quantity of Marxist concepts of fascism were
technologically advanced which recognized the working class, or minor position, as the main
element in its temperament. More than a few years earlier Marx's own investigation of the minor
position had featured its unique viewpoint, but in the greatest progressive cultures the condition of
the minor circle influences him in the direction of both socialism and capitalism. He is amazed by
the development of control of the large league on the one side, yet he shares in the grief of the
societies on the other. During the crunch years of the inter–war period ordinary events were no
longer clever of suppling radical explanations for these individuals. Fascism presented them a
demanding substitute which gets rid of public defeats onto the signs of domestic failure and
restitution, proposing people who felt immobilized a common sense of power through revolutionary
nationalism and strength (Wolfreys, 2006).Fascism is a way of shaping a culture where a
administration run by a ruler controls the lives of the people and in which people are not allowed to
disagree with the administration, it is also very severe governor
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31. Example Of Fascism
What is Fascism? By definition fascism is a form of government that is ruled by one person as a
dictator often times a violent and aggressive one. Fascists dictators are against democratic
governments, where the people are free and rule. Examples of a famous fascist leaders are Benito
Mussolini, ruler of Italy from nineteen twenty–two to nineteen forty–three and Adolf Hitler, possibly
one of if not the most infamous dictators in all of history. Hitler was a violent dictator of Nazi
Germany from nineteen thirty–four to nineteen thirty–five. These two men exemplify everything
that fascism stands for, ruling with fear, aggression, and zero freedom for the people. I would argue
that fascism is both an ideology and a method, but at different times in the rise to power. In the
climb and rise to power fascism is a method used to gain people's attention, gain their trust and
ultimately their vote. While in power fascism becomes an ideology in the way that policies and ideas
are used to keep people in line, making sure the people know who's in charge. Exhibiting the power
to gain the peoples trust, therefore, keep their trust as strong as ever. An example of a dictator using
fascism as a method to gain support and votes of the people is to simply tell them what they want to
hear. If the country's economy is bad at the time a fascist politician is running for power, they may
say how they are going to fix and revamp the economy, so that it never happens again. Often times
they just say things for the attention and votes, fully knowing that they are not going to put any
effort into solving the problem. If they do try, it is not full hearted. They know that as soon as the
current problem is fixed they will have to find a new issue to take on. A dictator needs a cause to
ride on the back of in order to gain the peoples trust.. A quote by Adolf Hitler proves this best, "If
you tell a big enough lie and tell it frequently enough, it will be believed". Once in power I believe
that fascism becomes an ideology to keep the people in check. Through the use of fascist ideas and
policies fascist dictators are able to keep people under their control and keep their trust. Hitler used
aggression and intimidation to
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33. Flux And Fascism
Pirandellan Flux and Fascism In 1935 – the year before he died – the great Italian playwright Luigi
Pirandello donated all of the gold in his possession to the fascist government in support of the
Ethiopian campaign. Included in this collection was his 1934 Noble Prize medal (cite). He had been
a member of the fascist party since 1924. He had joined shortly after the murder by fascist agents of
a socialist deputy named Giacomo Matteotti (Argenteri, 129). Many intellectuals had left the party
thereafter, disgusted with the violent tactics of the budding fascist regime. Attempts have been made
– starting with Gaspare Guidice's 1963 biography – to separate Pirandello's work from his politics.
But is it possible that an author's work can be completely ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Zeev Sternhell, have proposed the origins of fascism as a cultural or intellectual movement
beginning in early 20th century France and Italy (cite). Does Pirandello's claim of partial intellectual
ownership give creed to this theory? Certainly his flirtation with and later marriage (a metaphor
used by Letizia Argenteri in her paper Pirandello and Fascism) to fascism seems to be more of an
ideological than political affair. His early identification of Mussolini with his central philosophy of
life and form justified his dedication to the strong leader, though he'd later disparage the distinctly
fascist cult of personality. "Around him," Pirandello complains to Marta Abba, "there must be a
level of heads that can barely reach his knee, not one inch more" (Argenteri 134). We also see
Pirandello speak – through a drunken character in one of his earlier novels – on his distrust in
democracy in relation to the dictator. Democracy, after all, had failed to prevent the Great War
which had so affected the Italian consciousness. Perhaps the Italians would do better under a united
regime. "When you have one boss, he knows that it's his job to satisfy many people; but when
everybody has a say in running things, everybody thinks of satisfying himself" (Late Mattia Pascal).
Another interpretation of Six Characters presents the
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35. Totalitarian Ideologies Of Fascism And Stalinism
Maheera Syed
Totalitarian Ideologies
The economic downfalls and Great Depression following World War I, provided the perfect
atmosphere for Nazism, Fascism and Stalinism, which had been developing during the war, to rise.
Breaking with the constantly undermined values of individual liberties, freedom and democracy,
many flocked towards the bold leaders of each of these ideologies for a better future. Despite taking
place in different countries, each of these three totalitarian ideologies, led by Adolf Hitler, Benito
Mussolini and Joseph Stalin, were able to garner a massive following through violence and media,
while promising the desperate people, renewal, ease and economic prosperity in their war–torn
countries.
After a successful march on Rome, where King Victor Emmanuel III was forced to promote Benito
Mussolini to the status of Prime Minister, the essentially self–appointed dictator would ignite
fascism in Italy. The former political journalist defined fascism writing that "the more it considers
and observes the future and the development of humanity quite apart from political considerations of
the moment, believes neither in the possibility nor the utility of perpetual peace." The Black Shirts,
which consisted of young men and veterans who supported Mussolini's promotion of militarization
and led attacks against Parliament, were attracted towards his promise of a "military utopia and the
restoration of men's warrior status." Their emblem, the fasces, which
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37. Fascism Dbq Essay
Following World War I and the Great Depression, many European countries began to turn to fascism
to combat loss of influence over their people, among other problems. However, even though big
players like Benito Mussolini of Italy and Adolf Hitler of Germany turned to fascism to lead their
nations, some European countries stayed democratic. Why would some countries make the change
to fascism while others stayed with their original form of government? Because fascism was
pledged to be the most effective form of government, it would seem counterproductive for countries
to still use another method to govern. There is no doubt that there is a trend between countries that
resorted to fascism and those that stayed with democracy– and it all leads ... Show more content on
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Germany (who turned to fascism) was definitely the country that was affected the most in all
aspects. Mussolini's Italy was definitely not affected as drastically as Germany, but either way the
people ultimately decide the fate of a country and in this case both nationalities were hurt in their
pride and nationalism, so they turned to fascism. The blame of their plights? The Versailles Treaty.
John Maynard Keynes writes in The Economic Consequences of Peace that the Treaty of Versailles
did absolutely nothing to assist the economic rehabilitation of Europe after World War I (Document
D). Especially in Germany, when millions of people are unemployed after a war they thought they
were winning of course the citizens would begin to lose faith in their country. So, in order to regain
this faith Hitler put the blame on not only the League of Nations, who 'enforced' the Treaty, he put
the blame on the Jewish population of Germany. In order to rally the Germans under the Nazis and
fascism, Hitler put the blame on the Jews so the German people would feel like their country is still
strong after all. A political cartoon called "The worm" shows an apple (Germany) that is rotting
because of the worm inside it (The Jewish people). Then, a knife cutting the apple bears the
swastika, the mark of the Nazis– Hitler's
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39. Anti Fascism Essay
Antifa is a far–left, extra parliamentary, and anti–fascist organization with a history that dates back a
century. Anti–fascist groups emerged as a response to fascism, driven to resist fascist control "by
any means necessary," and view any manifestation of fascism as a potential virus that must be
stopped. They believe that the phenomenon of fascism can experience exponential growth in
numbers and influence, arguing that Italy's Mussolini and Hitler's Third Reich had quite "humble"
beginnings and meek political turnouts before they snowballed to the tyrannical regimes they
became. According to them, the viral nature of fascism is a constant threat that must be confronted
to stifle the growth of authoritarian nationalism; believing it had a strong hypnotic effect on a
vulnerable audience and quickly skyrocketed to the upper echelons of political and social life. ...
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A dictatorial government capitalizes on the perennial human desires to feel protected and safe,
which a dictator promises with a strong military and a convenient scapegoat to crush; of xenophobia
and hatred, remedied by promises to revivify tradition, culture, and past glory; of their inner
rejection of societal norms and their dormant hatred and hunger for change, that dictators satisfy
through war and persecution. Basically, by appealing to a person's more irrational and hateful
nature, and through strict enforcement of its agenda, dictators can grip their audience under the spell
of mass hysteria. The lure of fascism is strong and exists in many far–right groups today, who
identify rather than condemn with egregious regimes of the
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41. Mussolini And The Tyranny Of Fascism
Examples included how "blacks and whites were not allowed to live together, and children of mixed
marriages were not considered legimitate. Colonial administrators created separate facilities for
Italians and Africans, including separate buses, restaurants, and movie theatres. Italians could not
serve Africans in shops." It would not be because of this racist system that would lead to Britain
using Nyasaland KAR forces, but to reclaim their former territories. For the Nyasaland forces
however, their desire was to save their homelands from the tyranny of fascism.
The campaign was ignited by Mussolini. The Italian dictator saw the British and their
commonwealth forces as a possible threat due to their ownership and control of various supply
routes,
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43. Totalitarianism And Fascism
Fascism is a form of totalitarianism that focuses on 4 major ideas: nationalism, militarism,
imperialism, and racism. Many fascist states used propaganda to make children believe that their
nation is superior. In a fascist state, the government is made up of an army and highly expresses in
making their army the strongest. Racism played a big role in a fascist society, nations believed that
they were higher–ranking compared to other races and all other races are bad. To prove their race
was superior, fascist nations practiced imperialism to expand their "living space" and to kill all other
races. In a fascist society the children played an important role, boys were expected to be
athletic,strong, and military ready. Girls however were expected ... Show more content on
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Hitler believed that the perfect race has blonde hair and blue eyes or in Hitler's term "Aryan Race".
According to Hitler's "Mein Kampf" written in 1925, Hitler rants about Germans being and must
continue to be the better race, "Thus, the highest purpose of folkish state is concern for the
preservation of those original racial elements which bestow culture and create the beauty and dignity
of a higher mankind". This quote is saying, that the main purpose of the state is to keep the pure race
or Aryan race so that the future of mankind can live on the proper way. Hitler was a big believer that
the Aryan race or the Germans were more superior than any other race, he believed that the Germans
brought all the good things in the world such as culture and all the beauty that it has to offer. Hitler
believed this so much that he used propaganda to indoctrinate the people in Germany and have
everyone in Germany also believe that they were a superior race. Hitler's ideology went so far that
he started to blame the Jews for all of Germany's failure, as well believing that Jews were barbaric
while Germans were civilized. Hitler as well blamed the Jews for creating Communism, in which in
Hitler's eyes he believed that Communism is what also caused Germany's failures. Hitler believed
that the purpose of the state or government was to ensure racial superiority. Hitler also
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45. Fascism Dbq
Hitler and Mussolini were similar because they both had a hostility towards communism and
believed in a dictatorship. Mussolini believed that only a fascist state was the right way to rule. He
felt that communism and peaceful states were bound to be conquered: "Unlike communism, fascism
had no clearly defined theory or program. Nevertheless, most Fascists shared several ideas. They
preached an extreme form of nationalism, or loyalty to one's country. Fascists believed that nations
must struggle–peaceful states were doomed to be conquered." (Hyperdoc Doc. 1). Mussolini
believed that the nation must suffer through the Fascist ideals. Fascism also supports nationalism
which is good for the morale of the country. Hitler agreed with the ideas of Fascism: "The Fascist
worldview is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mussolini was a fascist dictator who was a follower of Social Darwinism, the belief of natural
selection that is applied to humans. He believed there should only be one power ruling over the
people: "They pledged loyalty to an authoritarian leader (dictator) who guided and brought order to
the state." (Hyperdoc Doc. 1) and "Some men are greater than others, and these men should rule."
(Fascism Hyperdoc Doc. 2). This meant that people with strong roles should be the ones' to rule in a
government. Hitler was also a believer of Social Darwinism since he used Mussolini as an example
for his rule. Just like Mussolini, he mentions in his book, Mein Kampf, that there should only be one
ruler: "The Fascist worldview can exist only if leaders of great intellectual ability are served by a
large mass of men who are passionately devoted to the cause." (Fascism Hyperdoc Doc. 3). He also
holds regards that the government should be ruled by people who have power. Mussolini and Hitler
both had the same views on who should rule a government. They believed that only the strong are fit
for this
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47. The Political Definition Of Fascism
For the average citizen of a nation, the political definition of fascism and even the word itself has
been left out of people's everyday vernacular. The most recent extent of fascism that people can
remember is Adolf Hitler's era of political control over seventy–two years. In recent decades,
however, European Countries and even the United States of America have seen a recent rise in
fascist leaning ideologies and political parties due in part to online development, Immigration and
elections trends, and a paradoxical view of tolerance. These recent trends have signaled that fascism
is still a problem and presents a clear danger to society and democratic principles at large. While the
general ideology was technically developed by Italian Dictator and ally to Hitler, Benito Mussolini,
it is Adolf Hitler himself who is best known as the face of fascist movements of the past and
movements today. In early 1930's Germany, Hitler was able to capitalize on the social and economic
woes of a country who felt disenfranchised and left behind by the world. By promoting ideas of
German nationalism including a strong German military, a strong pure German culture and nation,
and using minority groups such as the Jew's as a scapegoat, Hitler was able to take control of
Germany and institute a Fascist system of government and create the similar ideological trends we
see in Fascist idea's and similar groups today. Today fascism as an ideology and movements linked
with fascism
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49. What is Fascism? Essay
What is Fascism?
When the word "fascism" is mentioned people usually associate the word with German Nazis'.
There is more to fascism than just German Nazis.' Fascism is an interesting topic that should be
further examined and explained so it is no longer simply associated with German Nazis'. This essay
will explain what fascism is (definition), how fascism groups are run, the ideology of fascism, and
some past examples of how fascist governments operated.
Fascism is a form of counter–revolutionary politics that first arose in the early part of the twentieth–
century in Europe. It was a response to the rapid social and political changes brought about by the
devastation of World War I and the spread of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Everyone would work for the benefit of the nation and that is all. Regularly this would take place
with the merging of the state and business leadership, with concern only of the nation. This nation
would also take care of its members if need should arise. This could be money, shelter, food, or any
other need that might come about.
The ideology of Fascism has been identified with totalitarianism, state terror, arranged violence, and
blind obedience. Adolf Hitler established his own personal ideology of fascism while he was in
prison and not yet in power. Mussolini fashioned his ideology after he took control of Italy. Despite
their two different angles on the use of fascism, Hitler and Mussolini both worked similarly on how
they would establish their principles in the same basic manner. Their principles came from basic
responses to various issues that other leaders faced.
Fascism was first detected after World War I in Italy. After the war, the people of Italy were ready
for a new political aspect. Benito Mussolini was the man who brought this fascist ideology to Italy.
Mussolini has been looking for the perfect opportunity to take complete control of a country and
now was the time to do so. "In 1919 Mussolini and his followers, mostly war veterans, were
organized along paramilitary lines and wore black shirts and uniforms."(Halsall pg.2) After defeats
at the polls Mussolini used his new financial backing to clothe a gang of thugs who
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51. Fascism in the Twentieth Century
Fascism in the Twentieth Century; Hitler and Nazism
'Fascism' is one of the most controversial political terms in modern history. The lack of a universally
accepted definition for the term has meant that it can and has been applied to a wide variety of
political contexts. Fascism developed from the destruction caused by the First World War. Its origins
can be traced, however, to the intellectual revolt against liberalism in Europe at the end of the
nineteenth century. While there was a revolutionary reaction against the ideals of the French
Revolution before 1914, it was the First World War which acted as a real catalyst for the emergence
of fascism. The war swept away the Hohenzellern, Halsburg and Romanov dynasties in Germany, ...
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Although it was a complex procedure, Hitler proved himself to be both a skilled political
manipulator and an original military strategist. But above all, Hitler was a rabid ideologist. As a
result of his actions, the Hitler state destroyed the legacy of imperial and Weinmar Germany and
undermined the humane values of German culture.
Unlike in Italy, the rise of fascism in Germany occurred in one of the world's most advanced
economies, for the German modernisation and industrialisation process during the nineteenth
century had helped to create a powerful state. Political extremism in Germany developed further
from the failure of the state and society to manage the complex problems arising from the country's
sudden defeat at the end of the First World War in 1918.
Although the First World War created the necessary conditions to enable the rise of Nazism,
Nazi ideology was derived from the intellectual and political underworld of pre–1914 Germany.
Before 1914, this far–right ideology which was heavily focused on anti–Semitism, remained on the
political fringe and had little influence on domestic policies. Hitler himself, for example, although
later greatly influenced by the Austrian anti–Semitism of Karl Leuger (1844–1910), was a failed art
student and architect whose personal apathy prevented him from enjoying the bourgeois (upper
class) lifestyle that he craved. He, like other failures in the German and Austro–Hungarian empires,
found in anti–Semitism a
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53. Fascism Vs Fascism
Plato once wrote, "The heaviest penalty for declining to rule is to be ruled by someone inferior to
yourself". It would be impossible for him to guess this quote would be taken very literally among
ruler after ruler in history. Unfortunately, not every person who took this piece seriously was the
best choice in leadership. Adolf Hitler of Germany and Benito Mussolini of Italy were leaders who
used elements of fascism in order to promote their vision of a new world. Although they both had
similarities in their regimes, they also had great differences in leading their country.
The term fascist is thrown around in politics and heated debates without much respect for how
heavy the term truly is. Before diving into the different extents to which fascism was carried out in
Italy and Germany, it is important to take a moment and discuss what the term is. According to
Merriam–Webster dictionary, fascism is a, "political philosophy, movement, or regime... that exalts
nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government
headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression
of opposition", as well as, "a tendency toward or actual exercise of strong autocratic or dictatorial
control". With such a harsh definition, some would believe it would be simple to create a framework
for all fascist dictators, yet that could not be further from the truth. Although it may be difficult to
define fascism to a
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55. Benito Mussolini And Fascism
This inquiry seeks to establish that upon gaining power, Benito Mussolini introduced a fascist
program, financed by big business, that pursued autarky and a new Roman Empire. While Fascism
states have risen and fallen throughout the world, the original fascist program is that of Benito
Mussolini and Fascist Italy. The Fascist Doctrine, which defines all aspects of the fascist life, is a
document that explains fascism in all realms, the primary focus of this enquiry will be how the
fascist program affected economic policy during the reign of Mussolini and his fascist regime. In
order to understand the manner in which Mussolini's fascist doctrine influenced Italy, one must first
have an understanding of who Mussolini is and how he rose to ... Show more content on
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Mussolini's writings throughout the period were characterized by not only Marxism but also
syndicalism. Mussolini continued to write for Socialist newspapers such as Avanti and rose through
the ranks to become a prominent leader in the Italian Socialist Party after returning to Italy and
spending two years as a soldier, followed by a few years teaching. However, World War I and
Mussolini's expulsion from the Socialist Party marked a drastic change in Mussolini's public
political stance.
Shortly after the initiation of World War I, on August 2nd, 1914, Italy declared neutrality, a
sentiment which most members of Il Partito Socialista Italiano or the Italian Socialist Party shared.
William Welk (1938, 7–9), observes that in this conflict, Mussolini made his first divergence from
the socialist party, repudiating the stance of the PSI, by speaking openly in favor of intervention.
Hereafter, Mussolini established himself as an incendiary figure in favor of the interventionist
objective. This ultimately led to his expulsion from the party in November of 1914, as well as being
relieved of his role as editor of Avanti. He then started his own paper Il Popolo d'Italia and
continued to exert his influence in Italian media, this time outside of the bounds of the Socialist
Party. After Italy's declaration of war on Austria in 1915, Mussolini enlisted
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57. Fascism Dbq Essay
Ambitious leaders took advantage of the economic fall and fought politically with rivals to rise to
power, and showcasing the growth in economy and military power after betraying the people and
ridding of unwanted elements.
Furthermore, people turned to fascism because of the Great Depression which cost many jobs and
promise of a brighter future. Document A tells us that their economy fell pretty badly. It led to
massive unemployment rates. There was not enough support for society because many nations were
financially insecure due to the war. Fascist leaders painted a brighter picture of a booming economy
and jobs to these people. The fascist leaders were able to pinpoint the supposed problems of the
nations that caused them to decline. In document f, Hitler says that the Weimar Republic's policies
are to blame and the ideas that were spreading. Fascist leaders used the economic decline to their
advantage by including it in their platform that they will work to bring jobs to everybody. In turn,
Germany turned to fascism because they thought electing a fascist ... Show more content on
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Document E tells us that Jack is ambitious because he says that he should be leader because he is the
most qualified. Document C tells us that Ralph disagrees with Jack and he stands for democracy.
Jack is very assertive and that makes his followers (the hunters) side with him all the time. His
ferocity and braveness makes many others join the new clan that he makes. Ralph sees a decline in
popularity and is left with Piggy (the only other person that wants democracy). Like in the Lord of
the Flies, Hitler had to fight against opposition. He lost the election to be president, but he still
persevered and in the end was elected chancellor. This has also happened in Russia where Stalin and
Trotsky gets into a power struggle. Eventually, Trotsky is beaten and Stalin gets into power just like
how Jack gets into
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59. Italy's Fascism
Italy's fascism had at least four principle changes. Until 1925, it was political action seeking an
ideology. Mussolini was many things, but he was not a man of religion because he could never find
one that could satisfy what he looked for in a religion. During this time, Italy was supposed to be a
powerful nation that used capitalistic ideas and the idea of forced union labor to earn money. This
was the time that people focused on economic growth of Italy by forming monopolies and cartels.
Alfred Rocco, a primary theoretician, said that a hierarchal arrangement of capitalism had to be
created because the support of the regimes would guarantee higher wages and employment rates.
The second phase focused of the electoral part of society or the voting ... Show more content on
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These experiences make someone involved with other people and forms groups. As the groups
advance and do certain things whether good or bad, the actions of the group tell you a lot about each
individual because since the individual was a part of the group it means they approved the actions of
the group. The highest level of associations was the state or government. The state also reflects the
behaviors of its individual leader and its group of people so the same philosophy applies. The state,
the individual, and all human associations thus have life, conscience, and will to achieve. That ties
all three concepts together. If a man is separate from his state and people he will surely fail and that
was how he formed his concept of fascism, however, by the time he finished his idea, fascism had
fallen out of the government in Italy so it did not befit anyone at Italy, but it is an excellent example
of how different people ca form different ideas because Gentile did not see it as one person was in
complete control like Mussolini did, instead he saw how they all worked to get to make a greater
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61. Futurism And Fascism Similarities
Futurism and Fascism were two essential movements in the history of the Italian state. Futurism was
an attempt to rid Italy of its past and create a new, improved country through the destruction and
aggression while fascism was a radical, political movement. The relationship between these two
ideas continues to be questioned. Did Fascism cause Futurism, vice versa, or is there in fact no
correlation between the two? I will discuss the interaction between Fascism and Futurism as well as
several pieces of Futurist art work. These pieces include Unique Forms of Continuity in Space by
Boccioni, Armored Train in Action by Severini, Funeral of the Anarchist Galli by Carrà. Not only
are these pieces the epitome of Futurism, but they also add insight as to how the Futurist movement
impacted the political ideology of Fascism. Futurism is not the sole cause of Fascism; rather, the
Futurist movement coordinated Fascist ideas and allowed it to grow as a political ideology. ... Show
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This manifesto had a "fiery tone" and "lashed out against cultural tradition" (Casden). Its goal was to
remove Italy from its past and embrace a new futuristic society as well as speed. These artists
appreciated industrialization and advocated for the abolition of museums and other former creative
institutions and ideas (Casden). The diction and tactics used by the Futurists were very aggressive
because they believed the unrest created by the movement would enable a contemporary Italy to
take hold. In order to do this, futurists held serate futuriste, where political rhetoric was shouted at
the onlookers of art showings with the intent of sparking riots (Casden). This movement, with its
hostile rhetoric, was very unique and laid the groundwork for something far bigger than
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63. Fascism In Italy Research Paper
The rise of Fascism in Italy was one of the most dominant and progressive movements in history. A
Fascist state has many characteristics of a totalitarian state in which the leader is able to control all
political, economic and social aspects of the state. The surprising part of this seizure of power in
Italy was that in just ten years, the Italian government went from being a Socialist party to a Fascist
party with very nationalistic qualities. The key leader during this rise of power went by the name of
Benito Mussolini, later referred to as "Il Duce" meaning 'The Leader". The increase in popularity of
a Fascist state is due to the turmoil the country was in and having a strong opportunist, like
Mussolini, that was able to take advantage ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In mid–October of 1921, Mussolini declared that he wanted the Fascist Party to gain political power.
He stated that he was marching to Rome and if he was not given complete power, he would attack.
D'Annunzio was the leader for the majority of the march, but when he had failed in assassinating an
important opponent, he was pushed from his spot and Mussolini took control of the march. King
Victor Emmanuel III was placed in a tough decision before the black shirts, Mussolini's mini army
of men marching to Rome, arrived. Due to the previous political issues that had occurred, there was
no one specific government at the time, and the King had to choose between Mussolini's Fascists or
the anti–monarchist Socialists. On October 28, 1922, the King named Mussolini Prime Minister of
Italy, under the terms that he would keep the monarchy how it was. With this monumental decision,
Mussolini and the Fascists were given complete control in the government of Fascists, Catholics,
Nationalists, and right–hand liberals. (Rossi,
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65. Fascism Dbq
Tiffany Davidson
Hacker
Per 2
3/21/18
Fascism DBQ
Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini are two of the most well–known leaders of the totalitarian
movement which began in the 20th century. The early 1900's was a very brutal time in history, as it
commenced the beginning of the first world war. As young men, they both served as soldiers in
World War One. Their involvement in the war both left them with violent views of socialism and
communism. In the summer of 1919, the Treaty of Versailles was signed, marking the end of the
war. The treaty forced Germany to accept sole responsibility for the war, resulting in global German
humiliation. The consequences left Germany liable for harsh reparations and the reassignment of
boundaries. Hitler's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both Hitler and Mussolini possessed an overbearing hunger for power. Mussolini and Hitler's goals
revolved around ideas of expansion and domination. The leaders knew that in order to reach their
main goal they had to gain the respect of other countries. The process started with the restoration of
their countries reputation. Hitler and Mussolini approach to this was to abolish all democracy in
order to obtain control. They gained the power they needed through the Nazi and fascist movements.
In Adolf Hitler's novel, Mein Kampf, he confesses how Benito Mussolini inspired him to form the
German fascist movement. In the novel, Hitler explains "we must inspire discipline and blind faith,
for the side with the best discipline and most blindly obedient (easy to control, do not question)
troops always triumph." This excerpt describes Hitler's own 'fascist worldview' in steps. He believes
that in order to achieve a functioning government one must gain full control of the government.
Through their reign, Germany and Italy enforced laws based on both Nazi and fascist beliefs.
Despite their similarities, Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini didn't see eye to eye. After the
publication of Hitler novel, Mussolini claimed to have thought it was weak and boring. Mussolini's
goals were extremely similar to Hitler's goals as both leaders were very power hungry and
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67. The Causes Of Fascism
Fascism is a widely debated topic, many theories are proposed regarding its origins, its appeal, the
support it gained from big business and the cooperation it received from the Catholic Church. What
I believe to be an inalienable truth is that early signs of fascism are firmly rooted in the First World
War. To argue that the First World War caused fascism however is debatable, I will hold the belief
that the First World War was a catalyst for fascism, that fascism as Roger Eatwell puts "was
embryonic rather than fully formed"(R. Eatwell, Fascism: A History) and that the war created a
unique environment and opportunity for the nurturing and growth of fascist ideologies. I will discuss
what I believe to be the most potent factors that pushed the growth of fascism, the economic crisis
of the 1920s and the subsequent weakening of western liberal democracies, the discontentment and
chagrin of the Italian and German public towards victory and defeat respectively and most
importantly, the threat of Communism and its political manipulation.
Hobsbawm argues that,"fascism did not exist before 1919"(Hobsbawm, Age of Extremes). This
paper follows that belief and it allows us to pull our focus towards the time directly post– war. It is
in this time that I will argue that the seeds of fascism were planted and that the unstable socio–
economic landscape of Europe resulted in volatile nationalist politics in the 1920s and allowed for
the resultant fascism to take root and to grow at an
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69. Arguments Against Fascism Definitions
Definitions from Merriam–Webster and Dictionary.com describe fascism as a form of government
that is authoritarian and nationalistic. Most definitions attempt to generalize and narrow this
concept. In the hopes of disguising this idea as extinct, definitions limit the spread of fascism to
twentieth century Russia, Italy, Germany and China. Yet, fascism cannot be placed absolutely on a
geographical, political or historical map. On many sliding scales or charts of political spectrums
fascism fits somewhere between communism and socialism, but also inside statism. People argue
whether fascism is left or right wing, but historically fascist nations have worked against ideals of
all political spectrums at one point or another. Is fascism limited
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71. Failure Of Socialism And Fascism
The failure of Socialism and Fascism to make any significant positive impact in Britain contributed
the overall decline in popular support during the early years after the Great War. Poor economic
conditions were accepted with reluctance and a sense of little hope for substantial change within the
political process. Social class ideology that contributed to failure finding common ground in the
populations was ultimately overcome by the overall hatred of Fascism and the popular belief that
violence was no longer acceptable in Britain. George Orwell provides the most convincing
arguments why Socialism was failing and in his book The Road to Wigin Pier, we learn of the great
economic challenges that many working–class faces. Orwell suggests several reasons for the
moderate response to the troubled economic conditions. He writes that many of the working had a
sense of the inability to make change within society through the political process. When he
questioned a working–class person on why they would not form a union, Orwell quotes them stating
he was immediately told that "they" would never allow it. I asked who are they.1 The working–class
had a feeling the current management and political system would discourage formation of any
beneficial organization that was truly on the behalf of the workers. Orwell goes on to also point out
that many of the working–class may have not truly been aware of the actual conditions that they
were living. When talking to a miner,
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73. Essay on Fascism
On the 23 March 1919 after a series of Communist demonstrations, the almost forgotten Mussolini
decided to attempt to revive his Fasci movement. A meeting was held in a hall in a Milan and was
attended by some fifty malcontents. From this seemingly small and insignificant event the Fascio di
Combattimento' (Combat Group) was born. Initially, it would seem that the Fasci were destined for
failure with none of their candidates (including Mussolini) winning a single seat in the 1919
elections. How was it that a party with no clear programme, save a belief in action of some sort,
became a ruling dictatorship little more than ten years later? By the end of 1919,
Mussolini possessed hardly more than 2% of the vote in Milan, less
than ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Interestingly, they were later to make exactly the same mistake again. The fact that Mussolini's party
benefitted greatly by offering action, showed that political gains could be made from the weakness
of the government and from the unrest of the country. It was at this point in 1921 that Gioletti began
searching for allies against the Socialists. The Vatican had turned against him; This was mainly due
to the government's proposal to tax the bonds which were a main form of Church property at the
time. As a result Gioletti decided to use Fascist support against the Socialists.
Why did Gioletti decide to use the Fascist's support to combat the
Socialists, when there were many other safer ways of doing so?
Principally, he believed that he could easily dominate Mussolini and once in power again he would
discard the tougher elements' among the Fascists. He made a grave mistake in believing this. In the
winter of 1920–21, Mussolini organized his men into squadre d'azione' (squads of action) headed by
local leaders ( ras') like Balbo in Ferrara and
Grandi in Bologna. Primarily, Mussolini's clever planning was demonstrated by his success: His
initial campaign of violence against the Socialists led to 200 dead and 800 wounded in the period
between
December 1920 and May 1921. The government, in accordance with its alliance with the Fascists,
did little to prevent the violence, and instead saw it as a cheap way of
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75. Fascism : A Form Of Totalitarianism
Totalitarian regimes, in contrast to a dictatorship, show complete social control over their subjects
and are usually lead by a leader that only cares about his country, none other. Fascism is a
governmental system led by a poised dictators having complete power, suppressing opposition.
Fascism is also a form of totalitarianism which emphasizes the subordination of the individual to
advance the interests of the state. This essay will demonstrate how Mussolini, displays fascism, how
Hitler and Himmler present forms of totalitarianism before and during the Second World War, and
how a Jewish writer was able to convey what was seen in Treblinka.
Benito Mussolini, who was appointed prime minister at the head of a Fascist cabinet, cooperated
with the Italian parliament, but aided by his police and soon became the dictator of Italy. "The
Fascist State is wide awake and has a will of its own. For this reason, it can be described as "ethical"
(Reilly 898). The Fascist state has a spiritual force and it sums up all the moral and intellectual life
of man. Fascism, is totalitarian, in which no individuals or groups including political parties, cultural
associations, unions, and social classes were allowed outside the state.
Heinrich Himmler was one of the most powerful leaders in Nazi Germany at the time of World War
II. Himmler is a totalitarian, because of how he is telling people what to do and if they don't do it
then unthinkable things would happen to them. When Himmler said, "I am
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77. Rise Of Fascism
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Fascism is a type of extremist, right–wing, totalitarian and nationalist ideology which first emerged
during the beginning of the 20th century in Europe. The growth of fascism in Europe after the end of
the First World War was caused by a combination of the socio–economic and political conditions
which enabled Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler to come to power over the period prior to the
Second World War. Indeed, Blinkhorn comments that "European fascism is, and always will be,
inextricably associated with the years between the end of the First World War and the end of the
Second" (Blinkhorn 7). These conditions saw the development of nationalist ideologies and the
emergence of the fascist party in Italy and the National Socialist Party in Germany.
The main features of fascism as implemented by Mussolini and Hitler were based on nationalist,
expansionist foreign policies in combination with domestic policies which boosted the economy and
raised living standards. Indeed, Gentile comments that fascism in both Italy and Germany "wanted
to conquer new countries and spread the empire of the totalitarian 'new civilization' all over the New
Europe" (Gentile 181). The direct actions of both Mussolini and Hitler in ... Show more content on
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The emergence of fascism during the early 20th century provides people of today with several
lessons to prevent a similar example of this kind of racial discrimination from ever happening again
in the future. Indeed, understanding how the ideology of fascism emerged while comprehending
how that period of history has contributed to the modern world is important to people to today
because it can help to prevent oppressive or tyrannical extremist nationalist regimes from becoming
more prominent in the 21st
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