Federalism_Class10_Tanish_Bhardwaj.pptx.COM

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1. FOR EXPLAINING THE CHAPTER IN EASY LANGUAGE THROUGH PPTX Chapter 2: Federalism Political Science - Class 10 Prepared by: Tanish Bhardwaj

2. Introduction to Federalism • Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units. • Both levels of government enjoy their own powers independent of each other.

3. Key Features of Federalism 1. Two or more levels of government. 2. Different levels govern the same citizens. 3. Powers and functions are clearly specified. 4. Changes require consent of both levels. 5. Courts act as an umpire.

4. Why Federalism? • Federalism ensures unity while recognizing diversity. • It helps in managing large countries. • Promotes national integration while protecting regional interests.

5. Features of India as a Federal Country • Division of powers between Union and State governments. • Threefold distribution of legislative powers: Union List, State List, Concurrent List.

6. Union List • Includes subjects of national importance. • Example: Defence, Foreign Affairs, Banking, Communication, Currency.

7. State List • Includes subjects of state and local importance. • Example: Police, Trade, Agriculture, Irrigation.

8. Concurrent List • Includes subjects of common interest to both Union and States. • Example: Education, Forests, Trade unions, Marriage.

9. Union vs State Powers • Union Government has more power in case of conflict. • Supreme Court resolves disputes between Union and States.

10. Special Features of Indian Federation • India is described as a 'Union of States'. • The Union government is very strong compared to other federations. • States do not have the right to secede.

11. How Federalism is Practiced • Real success depends on practice. • Distribution of power is followed in spirit. • Language policy and central–state relations are key.

12. Linguistic States • States reorganized based on language (1956). • Promotes unity while respecting diversity. • Example: Andhra Pradesh was the first linguistic state.

13. Language Policy • Hindi is the official language but not imposed. • 22 scheduled languages recognized by the Constitution. • States have the freedom to promote their own languages.

14. Centre-State Relations • Restructuring of relations has strengthened federalism. • Rise of coalition governments reduced dominance of the Centre.

15. Decentralization in India • Power is taken away from Central and State governments and given to local governments. • Strengthens democracy and ensures participation.

16. Why Decentralization? • Local issues are best understood by local people. • Reduces burden on higher levels of government. • Promotes people's participation.

17. Local Government Structure • Panchayati Raj system in villages. • Municipalities in towns and cities. • 1992 Constitutional Amendment gave constitutional status.

18. Three-Tier System 1. Gram Panchayat at village level. 2. Block/Mandal at intermediate level. 3. Zila Parishad at district level.

19. Importance of Local Government • Ensures effective implementation of welfare schemes. • Empowers women and marginalized groups through reservation. • Increases transparency and accountability.

20. NCERT Questions & Answers Q1: What is federalism? A: Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent units. Q2: State one feature of Indian federalism. A: Division of powers between Union and State governments.

21. Conclusion • Federalism balances unity and diversity. • Ensures power-sharing at multiple levels. • Promotes democratic participation and strengthens democracy.

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