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Nielsen 2007, p. 189). It is thus difficult, they argue, to maintain a “strict
division between agency and devices; between cook and recipe” (Holm
and Nielsen 2007, p. 190).
The notions of socio-technical market agencement (Barry 2001; Callon
2013), or of market agencing (Cochoy et al. 2016) originates in the work
of Foucault and Deleuze, and was introduced in market studies to elabo-
rate upon the notion of “market devices” and to invest it with deeper
conceptual implications. Put briefly, agencements are defined as sets of
elements that are put together in view to perform a specific function, and
have agency precisely as a result of this careful articulation of heteroge-
neous parts. The term emphasises the intertwinement of agencing (arrang-
ing, putting together) and agency, and it also stresses the work required to
put such arrangements together, make sense of them, and keep them
together (thereby echoing ANT’s conception of agency as distributed and
full of surprises). Looking at the agencements that enable specific market
transactions and economic activities then implies a focus on the combina-
tions of institutional arrangements, material objects, and discourses and
theories that organise economic activities. Crucially, theories and dis-
courses about an agencement are part of it, because they inform its design
and contribute to accounting for its working, making sense of it, and
adjusting it.
To provide a thick description of FITs for electricity from renewable
energy sources and of the way they make a difference, it is then not enough
to explain their logic and consider their impact in terms of installed renew-
able electricity generation capacity. Approaching FITs as agencements
outlines the diversity of ways in which they can be effectively set up, and
the range of elements that they require to be put in place, tracked, and
regulated. FITs are made of a combination of institutional arrangements
(e.g. administrative procedures to obtain them, institutions in charge of
their attribution and management, purchase agreements, levy for compen-
sation, objectives for the deployment of renewable energy technologies,
procedures for negotiating design…), of economic theories, methods and
metrics (e.g. experience curves for technologies, definitions of costs and
benefits, definitions of effectiveness and of efficiency, methods for evaluat-
ing investment risk, models of the energy mix, methods for establishing
tariff rates…), and of a definition of RES-E as a tradable product (e.g. defi-
nition of renewable energy sources, technologies for converting them into
electricity, connection to the grid, evaluation of resources…). The mixture
can vary widely, but it always frames the goods that FITs can apply to, the
B. COINTE AND A. NADAÏ