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2. PLANT TISSUESPLANT TISSUES
Oleh :
NINI NELZANI

3. Tissue is a group of cells having
the same characteristics in size
and function.
Based on the ability to divide,
plant tissues can be grouped
into two, are :
1.Meristem Tissue
2.Permanent Tissue

4. 1. Meristem Tissue or Young tissue
is tissues where cells are constantly
dividing (active cell division)
Characteristics :
a.Small cell size
b.Thin wall
c.Large nuclei
d.Small vacuola
e.Rich in cytoplasm
f.Shaped in cubes or prims

5. Based on the origin of formation,
meristem tissue are classified into 3:
•1. Promeristem
is meristematic tissue that has existed in
plant since the embryonic level.
2. Primary Meristem
is meristematic tissue found in adult
plant that still actively undergoing cell
division. Generally, the tissue in found at
the tip of stem and root and adds height
to the plant.

6. 3. Secondary Meristem
is meristematic tissue originated from
primary meristem.
An example : cambium
Cambium is a layer of plant cells
characterized by active cell division.
Cambium located between xylem and
phloem. Cambium causes secondary
growth by enlarging the stem of dicots
and gymnospermae plants.

7. Based on location meristems
tissue are classified into three :

1.Apical Meristems
2.Lateral Meristems
3.Intercalary Meristems

8. 1. Apical meristems
Located at the tips of roots and
shoots. It produces elongation of
the root and stem of the plant.
Growth that has originated from
apical meristem is called primary
growth and all tissues that are
produced from it are called primary
tissues.

10. 2. Lateral Meristem
is meristem that produces secondary
growth.
Secondary growth is the thickening of
roots and stems of plant.
Lateral meristem is also often called
Cambium.
There are two types of cambium in plant :
1.Vascular cambium.
2.Cork cambiums (phellogen)

12. 3. Intercalary Meristem or
Intermediate meristem
is meristematic tissue located between
primary meristematic and adult tissue.
Intercalary meristems are found in
grasses and related plants that do not
have a vascular cambium or a cork
cambium (monocotyl)

14. 2. Permanent Tissues
is a tissue that has undergo differentiation
Based on its shape and function,
permanent tissue is separated into :
1.Epidermis tissue
2.Parenchyma tissue
3.Support tissues (collenchyma and
sclerenchyma)
4.Vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
5.Cork tissues

15. Epidermis tissue
Is tissue that is located most outer so
covers all of plant body surface.
Epidermis can be found in the surface of
root, stem, leaf and flower.
Functions : to protect tissue inside of it,
and mechanical destruction.
Epidermis is found in root has function to
suck water and mineral salts.

16. Characteristics of Epidermis :
1.The shape of its cells like cuboid,
consist of one layer of cell, and
commonly it has no chlorophyl.
2.Commonly it is covered by wax layer or
cuticle.
3.In several kind of plant epidermis
makes modification to be scale or hair.

18. Parenchyma Tissue
is called also basic tissue.
Parenchyma tissue is composed of
living cells that shape, size, or it’s
physiological function are different.
Parenchyma cells some have chloropyl,
called chlorenchyma cell.
They are found in the ground tissues of
stems, cortex of roots and mesophyll of
leaves (palisade parenchyma).

19. Support tissues
(collenchyma and sclerenchyma)
Collenchyma
is tissue have cells with thickened cell
walls and with cellulose.
Cells that compose this tissue are living
cells with active protoplasm.
Collenchyma tissue commonly is formed
under epidermis.
Function : to strengthen the standing of
plant.

20. Schlerenchym
The schlerenchym tissue is thickened by
wood substance (lignin)
Schlerenchym is separated into 2 kinds :
a. Schlereid (stone cell)
Schlereid comes from parenchym tissue that
it’s wall experiences layered thickening.
Is many found in hard fruit skin, such as in
coconut fruit.

21. b. Fiber
Fiber that comes from meristematic
tissue, commonly it consist of long cells.
Fiber found arround the phloem of
several dicotyledone plants and
monocotyledone plant, such as in the
stem of banana leaf, opposite pineapple
and so on.

24. Xylem
Xylem is transportation tissue that has
Function to transport water and soil
mineral salts from the roots to all the
parts of the plant body.
Elements of xylem tissue former are :
tracheid, trachea, xylem fiber, and
parenchym xylem.

25. Phloem
this tissue is found in the vascular
plants. Its function is to transport and
spread photosynthesis product from the
leaves to the rest of the parts of the
plant body.
Elements of phloem tissue former are
sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem
parenchyma, sclereid and fibers.

26. Cork Tissue
composed of cells that have waterproof.
It’s function that is to protect another
tissue for not losing much of water.
In dicotyledon plant, cork tissue is
formed by phellogen or cork cambium.
The formation of cork tissue inward is
called phelloderm (is living cells),
meanwhile the formation of cork tissue
outward is called phellem (is dead cells).