Final-Defense-PPT-HUMSS-SECTION B-Grade12.pptx

Defense for Grade12

1. THE PREVALENCE AND IMPACT OF CYBER BULLYING AMONG GRADE 9 STUDENTS OF MALANGAS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

2. CHAPTER II REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE There are several theories that attempt to explain the causes of cyber bullying. These include social learning theory, which suggests that individuals learn behaviors from observing and imitating others, and the social cognitive theory, which proposes that individuals' thoughts and beliefs about themselves and others influence their behavior. The literature review provides a comprehensive analysis of existing research on cyber bullying among adolescents. Research shows that cyber bullying is a widespread problem that affects a large number of adolescents. A study conducted by Hinduja and Patchin (2018) found that approximately 34% of adolescents have experienced cyber bullying, while 15% reported being the perpetrators of cyber bullying. The study also revealed that cyber bullying is more prevalent among girls than boys

3. Several studies have shown that cyber bullying has negative effects on adolescents' mental health. According to Kowalski and Limber (2013), adolescents who have been cyber bullied are more likely to experience depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues. In addition, cyber bullying can have a negative impact on social relationships, academic performance, and overall well-being. To cope with cyber bullying, adolescents use a variety of strategies. According to Kowalski and Limber (2013), some of the most common strategies used by adolescents include ignoring the bullying, seeking help from peers or adults, and retaliating against the bully. However, the effectiveness of these strategies in reducing the negative impact of cyber bullying remains unclear.

4. The Internet has created a new paradigm shift in communication. Today our youth are addicted to using electronic communication tools. It is an undeniable fact that electronic-based communication has transformed our lives tremendously, but unfortunately, there is a dark side to this technological advancement. Cyberspace is a potential site for violence, victimization and oppression (Faye, 2011). According to Olweus (1993), “a student is being bullied or victimized when he or she is exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other students.” Hence, bullying is showing aggressive behavior to a person without any prior provocation with the intention of causing harm. It also denotes that the harm is done repeatedly over time and there is a disparity in strength and power between the victims and cyber criminals. Electronic bullying or cyber bullying, according to Kowalski (2011) simply indicates using the Internet to cause psychological and emotional disturbances.

5. Olthof (2011) defines cyber bullying as a strategic behavior of an individual to dominate another individual or a group of individuals. Online Oxford Dictionary defines cyber bullying as the use of electronic communication to bully a person, typically by sending messages of an intimidating or threatening nature. Cyber bullying is defined by Wikipedia as a deliberate act of aggression using technological advances such as internet to cause harm to a person. This aggression can be repeated, deliberate hostility. Cyber-bullying occurs "when the Internet, cell phones or other devices are used to send or post text or images intended to hurt or embarrass another person" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyber-bullying). Cyber bullying causes grave harm to an individual or group of people by exposing their personal data, real names and addresses to criminals with malicious intent to the targeted individual or group. Cyber bullying can include such acts as making threats, sending provocative insults or racial or ethnic slurs, gay bashing, attempting to infect the victim's computer with a virus, and flooding an e-mail inbox with messages (WatIs.com).

6. According to Olweus , (1986, 1993) the following are some symptoms of victims of cyber bullying: 1.Anxious, insecure, unhappy and have low self-esteem 2.Cautious, sensitive, quiet, withdrawn and shy 3.Depressed and engaged in suicidal ideation much more often than their peers 4.Do not have a single good friend to discuss problems. 5.Often physically weaker than their peers in the school. The following are some characteristics of cyber bullies: 1.Often involved in other antisocial activities such as drug use. 2.Impulsive and easily angered 3.Strong need to dominate other students. 4.Show little empathy toward students who are victimized 5.Often physically stronger than other students in the class. 6.Often defiant and aggressive, including to parents and teachers.

7. Cyber bullying also happens when a person's name is used to publish undesirable materials online, thus causing character assassination of the victim. Character assassination can be done through email, chat room, sms , calls, social network, twitter, MySpace , Facebook, discussion boards, on-line forums, blogs, instigation and rumors. Recent findings indicate that cyber bullying is becoming a pervasive problem around the world and it is increasing alarmingly. (John, 2011). The psychological effects of cyber bullying in our society and institutions cannot be ignored any longer (Bulent, 2009). As the social networking domain expands in cyber space, it inevitably creates more opportunities for cyber criminals to victimize young, unsuspecting internet users (Allison, 2009). Research findings have shown that cyber bullying causes emotional and physiological damage to defenseless victims. ( Yavuz , 2010).

8. CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY Research Design This study will use a quantitative research design, which will involve administering a survey to a sample of adolescents in the study population. The survey will be designed to collect data on the prevalence and impact of cyber bullying, as well as the factors that contribute to it. Research Instruments Surveys: A survey is a tool that can be used to gather information from a large group of people quickly and efficiently. In a study on cyberbullying, a survey could be used to collect data on the prevalence of cyberbullying among adolescents, the types of cyberbullying that are most common, and the impact that cyberbullying has on the mental health and well-being of adolescents.

9. Locale of the Study This study will be conducted at Malangas National High School, Malangas Zamboanga Sibugay located Fr. Larea St. Malangas , Zamboanga Sibugay with a distance of 5.2 km away via Malangas Highway. Participants and Sampling Techniques The study will target fifty (50) Grade 9 students Junior High School students who are currently enrolled in malangas national high school. A convenience sampling technique will be used to recruit participants from Grade 9 student of Malangas National High School. This method involves selecting individuals who are easily accessible or readily available to participate in the study (such as students in a classroom) as the sample, which the researchers found to be practical and accessible. The responses of the chosen respondents will be utilized to compile the study's data.

10. Data Collection Methods Data will be collected through a self-administered survey, which will be distributed to participants in person. The survey will include questions on demographics, cyberbullying experiences, psychological well-being, and social and emotional consequences of cyberbullying. Data Analysis Techniques Data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine the prevalence of cyber bullying among the study population. Ethical Considerations Participants will be informed of the purpose and nature of the study, and their consent will be obtained before they participate. Confidentiality and anonymity will be maintained throughout the study, and participants will have the option to withdraw from the study at any time.

11. CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA This chapter presents the findings of the study on the prevalence and impact of cyber bullying among grade 9 students of Malangas National High School. The collected data from the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine the prevalence of cyberbullying among the study population.

12. QUESTIONS YES PERCENTAGE NO PERCENTAGE Have you ever experienced cyberbullying? 31 62% 19 38% Have you witnessed someone being cyberbullied? 42 84% 8 16% Have you ever engaged in cyber bullying? 17 34% 33 66% Do you believe cyberbullying has a negative impact on academic performance? 47 94% 3 6% Do you think cyberbullying affects social relationships? 45 90% 5 10% Have you ever felt anxious or stressed due to cyberbullying? 34 68% 16 32% Do you believe cyberbullying can lead to a decrease in self-esteem? 44 88% 6 12% Do you think cyberbullying affects overall well-being? 43 86% 7 14% Have you ever sought help or support for cyberbullying-related issues? 27 54% 23 46% Do you believe schools should have stricter policies to prevent cyberbullying? 43 86% 7 14%

13. Discussion According to the table provided, 31 out of 50 respondents (62%) answered "Yes" when asked if they experienced cyber bullying. On the other hand, 19 respondents (38%) answered No which means that they haven’t experienced cyber bullying. Out of the 50 respondents, 42 (84%) witness someone being cyberbullied. On the other hand, 18 respondents (36%) reported no disruptions in their study habits, which was considered a "Low Frequency," When asked about if they ever engage in cyber bullying 17 respondents (34%) indicated that they were engage." In contrast, 33 respondents (66%) reported being they don’t engage in cyber bullying. Regarding if they believe that cyberbullying has negative impact on their academic performance, 47 respondents (94%) believes that cyber bullying has negative impact on cyberbullying. Conversely, 3 respondents (6%) did not believe that cyber bullying has negative impact on their academic performance, Out of the 50 respondents, 45 (90%) reported that they believe that cyber bullying affects their social relationships. The remaining 5 respondents (10%) did not believe that cyber bullying will affect their social relationship.

14. When asked about if they ever felt anxious or stressed due to cyberbullying, 34 respondents (68%) responded that they felt anxious and stressed due to cyberbullying. On the other hand, 16 respondents (32%) answered that they did not feel anxious due cyber bullying. Out of the 50 respondents, 44 (88%) reported that they believe that cyberbullying can lead to the decrease of their self-esteem. The remaining 6 respondents (12%) reported that they do not believe that cyber bullying can lead to decrease their self-esteem. Regarding to cyber bullying that they think that cyber bullying will affect their overall well-being, 43 respondents (86%) agreed that it affects their overall well-being. Conversely, 7 respondents (14%) disagreed that cyber bullying affects their overall well-being. When asked that they ever sought help or support for cyber bullying- related issues, 27 respondents (54%) reported that they sought help. However, 23 respondents (46%) reported that they did not seek help or asked for any support regarding cyber bullying- related issues. Finally, 43 respondents (86%) believe that schools should have stricter policies to prevent cyber bullying. Conversely, 7 respondents (14%) disagreed that schools should have stricter policies to prevent cyber bullying.

15. Table 2 QUESTION MALE FEMALE   YES NO YES NO Have you ever experienced cyberbullying? 13 12 18 7

16. Based on the given data, let's break it down: Among males: •13 males reported experiencing cyberbullying. •12 males reported not experiencing cyberbullying. Among females: •18 females reported experiencing cyberbullying. •7 females reported not experiencing cyberbullying. To summarize the data: Among the surveyed adolescents: •13 out of 25 males reported experiencing cyberbullying (26%). •18 out of 25 females reported experiencing cyberbullying (36%). •12 out of 25 males reported not experiencing cyberbullying (24%). •7 out of 25 females reported not experiencing cyberbullying (14%). These numbers support the previous research findings that cyberbullying is more prevalent among females than males.

17. This shows that female are more likely to have experienced cyberbullying compared to males (18 females vs. 13 males). Additionally, females generally have stronger beliefs regarding the negative impact of cyberbullying on academic performance, social relationships, self-esteem, and overall well-being compared to males. Overall, these findings suggest that cyberbullying is a prevalent issue among the surveyed students, with females experiencing it more frequently and seeking help or support more often. These results emphasize the importance of addressing and preventing cyberbullying, particularly for females, and implementing stricter policies in schools to create a safer online environment for all students .

18. Conclusion In the study, three research questions were addressed. Based on the findings of the study the following are drawn. 1. What is the impact of cyber bullying among junior high students? The impact of cyberbullying among junior high students can be significant and detrimental. It can cause low academic performances, social relationships and negatively affect various aspects of their lives. Victims of cyberbullying may experience increased levels of stress, self-esteem, leading to a decline in their overall well-being. 2. What is the relationship between cyber bullying and academic performance, social relationship, self-esteem and their well-being? The relationship between cyberbullying and various aspects of a student's life is as follows: - Academic Performance: Cyberbullying can have a negative impact on academic performance. Students who are victims of cyberbullying may experience difficulties concentrating, reduced motivation to engage in school activities, and lower academic achievement due to the emotional distress they face.

19. - Social Relationships: Cyberbullying can damage social relationships both online and offline. Victims may experience social exclusion, isolation, and difficulties in establishing and maintaining healthy friendships. Cyberbullying can create a hostile and unsafe social environment, leading to strained relationships and a lack of trust among peers. - Self-esteem: Cyberbullying can significantly affect a student's self-esteem. Constant harassment and negative online experiences can erode their confidence, self-worth, and overall self-image. This can result in feelings of inadequacy, shame, and a negative impact on their overall self-esteem. - Well-being: The emotional and psychological impact of cyberbullying can have severe consequences on a student's well-being. It can lead to increased stress, anxiety, depression, and even symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In some cases, cyberbullying has been associated with suicidal ideation and attempts, highlighting the serious impact it can have on a student's mental health.

20. 3. What policies should the school implement to prevent cyber bullying? Schools should implement several policies to prevent cyberbullying effectively. Some key policies include: - Comprehensive Anti-Cyberbullying Policy: Schools should develop and enforce clear policies that define cyberbullying, outline the consequences for perpetrators, and specify the support available for victims. - Education and Awareness Programs: Schools should implement educational programs that raise awareness about cyberbullying, its consequences, and responsible online behavior. These programs should target students, teachers, and parents, equipping them with the knowledge and skills to recognize, prevent, and respond to cyberbullying incidents.

21. - Reporting Mechanisms: Schools should establish confidential reporting mechanisms that make it easy for students to report cyberbullying incidents. This should include anonymous reporting options to encourage victims and witnesses to come forward without fear of retaliation. - Counseling and Support Services: Schools should provide access to counseling and support services for victims of cyberbullying. This can involve school counselors, mental health professionals, and peer support groups to help students cope with the emotional impact of cyberbullying. - Collaboration with Parents and Guardians: Schools should actively involve parents and guardians in addressing cyberbullying. This can be achieved through parent education programs, workshops, and open lines of communication to ensure a united effort in preventing and addressing cyberbullying incidents. By implementing these policies, schools can create a safer and more supportive environment, promoting positive digital citizenship and effectively preventing cyberbullying among junior high school students.

22. Recommendations 1. Education and Awareness Programs: Develop and implement comprehensive education and awareness programs that target both students and parents. These programs should focus on raising awareness about cyberbullying, its consequences, and strategies for prevention and intervention. 2. School Policies and Guidelines: Establish clear and enforceable policies and guidelines regarding cyberbullying in educational institutions. These policies should explicitly define cyberbullying, outline consequences for perpetrators, and provide procedures for reporting and addressing incidents. 3. Peer Support Programs: Implement peer support programs within schools to encourage a positive and inclusive school culture. Train student leaders to recognize signs of cyberbullying, offer support to victims, and promote a safe and respectful online environment.

23. 4. Empowering Bystanders: Educate students about the importance of being active bystanders and empowering them to intervene when witnessing cyberbullying. Teach them strategies to support victims and report incidents to relevant authorities. 5. Emotional and Mental Health Support: Ensure the availability of trained counselors or mental health professionals within educational institutions to provide support and counseling to students who have experienced cyberbullying. Foster a supportive and inclusive environment where students feel comfortable seeking help. 6. Collaboration with Parents and Guardians: Foster open communication and collaboration between schools, parents, and guardians. Organize workshops and seminars to educate parents about cyberbullying, its signs, and strategies to support their children in dealing with such incidents.

24. 7. Online Safety Education: Incorporate online safety education into the curriculum to teach students about responsible digital citizenship, online privacy, safe internet usage, and how to protect themselves from cyberbullying. 8. Ongoing Research and Monitoring: Encourage ongoing research and monitoring of cyberbullying trends, prevalence rates, and its impact on students' well-being. This research can inform the development of evidence-based interventions and policies. 9. Collaboration with External Organizations: Collaborate with external organizations, such as non-profit organizations, law enforcement agencies, and internet service providers, to share resources, expertise, and best practices in addressing cyberbullying. 10. Continuous Evaluation and Improvement: Regularly evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and intervention strategies implemented within educational institutions. Use feedback from students, parents, and teachers to make improvements and tailor interventions to the evolving nature of cyberbullying. Remember, these recommendations should be adapted to the specific context and needs of the educational institutions and the students they serve.