fish as food nourishing the future of 21st century.pptx

Blue Revolution: Fish as Food

1. Aspee Agribusiness Management Institute, Navsari Agricultural University Presented by: Joshi Bhavikkumar P. MBA(ABM) Reg. No. : 2070523010 Major Guide : Dr. Mehul G. Thakkar Associate Professor AABMI,NAU,Navsari Master Seminar On Fish as Food: Nourishing the Future of 21 st Century

2. Flow of Presentation Introduction History Global Fish Production Indian Fish Production Gujarat Fish Production Fisheries Export Fish Consumption Importance of Fish Products & By-Products of Fish Integrated Fish Farming Schemes & Programme Fish marketing system Success story Conclusion References

3. Introduction Fish is a cold-blooded aquatic organism that breathes with gills and swims with fins Fisheries is an economic activity that involves harvesting of fish or any aquatic organism from the wild (Capture Fisheries) or raising them in confinement (Culture Fisheries or Aquaculture). It may be Traditional or Small Scale Fisheries (SSF) for sustenance and Large-Scale or Commercial Fisheries for profit Source :- NFDB (2020) 3

4. Introduction India is the third largest fish producing country and the second largest aquaculture fish producer in the world Contributes about 7.58 per cent to the global fish production and 10 per cent global fish biodiversity The sector also provides livelihood to about 16 million fishers and fish farmers at the primary level and several lakhs along the value chain Source :- Dept. of Fisheries, State Govt./UT Administration(2023) 4

5. History Fisheries and agricultural farming have evolved rather parallel in the history of human civilization Egyptian was the first to start the fish culture somewhere in 2500 B. C. Followed by Chinese Indian fresh water aquaculture has evolved from the stage of domestic activity in west Bengal and Orissa The first scientifically designed fish farm was constructed by the Madras fisheries department at Sunkesula in Krishna district (now Andhra Pradesh) during 1911 Source :- Sambhaji ( 2012 ) 5

6. Marine and Inland fisheries Marine Fisheries Marine fisheries are conducted in all the oceans and seas of the world , including bays and estuaries Inland Fisheries Inland fisheries are any activity conducted to extract fish and other aquatic organisms from Inland waters 6

7. Freshwater Fish : Spend most or all of their life in freshwaters They may be divided into Cold water Fish (5-20 o C ) ; Example: Mahseer, Trout, etc. Warm water Fish (25-35 o C ) ; Example: Carps, Catfish, etc. Brackishwater Fish : Tolerate a wide range of salinity and live in backwaters and coastal waters Example: Mullet, Milkfish, etc. Marine Fish : Spend most or all of their life in seawater Example: Cobia, Tuna, etc. Categorization of fish by their habitat Source :- NFDB (2020) 7

8. Table -1: Fish diversity of India Category Ecosystem Number of Species Native Fishes Marine Ecosystem 1518 Brackish water Ecosystem 113 Freshwater Ecosystem 877 Sub-total 2508 Exotic Fishes 291 Total 2799 Source :- Sarkar et al . ( 2012 ) 8

9. Socio-economic Significance Contribution to total GVA 1.09 per cent, contribution to agricultural GVA 6.72 per cent Income and employment generator Stimulates growth of country and foreign earner Source of livelihood to Millions of people Good for people who suffers from malnutrition or under nutrition, particularly from protein deficiency Source :- Annual Report, DAHD and F, GOI (2023 ) 9

10. Fishery is a source of food: - Fish is an important aquatic food and easily digestible and fulfills maximum calorie demands of the body Fish manure: - Waste parts of the fishes are rich with calcium and organic phosphates and useful as a fertilizer in rubber, tea and coffee plantation Medical value: - Oil extracted from the liver of sharks and codfishes is rich with vitamin “A” and “D” which used in preparation of medical creams, lotions, etc. Commercial use: - Oil extracted from the body of fishes is used in the preparation of soap, paints, varnishes, etc. A source of foreign exchange: - By exporting fish and their by products India is earning Lakhs of rupees as a foreign exchange Source :- Sambhaji (2012 ) 10

11. PRODUCTION OF FISH 11

12. Global fish production Source: Statista (2023) 12

13. Global fish production Source: FAO, SOFIA-2022 13

14. Percentage of Inland & Marine fish production of major countries Source: FAO, SOFIA-2022 MARINE FISH (2020) INLAND FISH (2020) 14

15. Contribution of India Source: Dept. of Fisheries, State Govt./UT Administration(2023) 15

16. India production Source: Dept. of Fisheries, State Govt./UT Administration(2023) 16

17. Source: Dept. of Fisheries, State Govt./UT Administration(2023) 45.06 18.56 9.15 Inland Fish Production: 2022-23 (In Lack Tonnes) Marine Fish Production: 2022-23 (In Lack Tonnes) 7.30 7.03 6.91 17

18. Gujarat overview Particulars Gujarat Coastline [in K.M.] 1600 Continental Shelf [in Lakh Sq. K.M.] 1.64 Exclusive Economic Zone [in Lakh Sq. K.M.] 2.14 Total No. of Fishing Boats (2021-22) 36980 Active Fishermen (in lakhs) Census- 2007 2.18 Marine Fish Production during (2021-22) [in lakh M.T.] 6.88 Inland Fish Production during (2021-22) [in lakh M.T.] 1.86 Export of fish products (2020-21) [in lakh M.T.] 2.28 Source : (Commissioner of fisheries, 2022) 18

19. Gujarat production Source: Dept. of Fisheries, State Govt./UT Administration(2023) 19

20. Top 10 District Inland fish production (2020-21) 20 Source : (Commissioner of fisheries, 2021)

21. Top 10 District Marine fish production (2019-20) 21 Source : (Commissioner of fisheries, 2021)

22. Fisheries Export 22

23. Export of fish & fish products Source: MPEDA,Kochi (2023) 23

24. Market-wise percentage share of Export Source: MPEDA,Kochi (2023) 24

25. 25 FISHERMEN POPULATION 25

26. Total gender-wise Inland & Marine fishermen population (2020-21) Source: Dept. of Fisheries, State Govt./UT Administration(2023) 26

27. Male Female Total Inland (2020-21) 1,30,13,978 1,01,03,842 2,31,17,820 Marine (2020-21) 26,51,652 22,94,066 49,45,718 All India (2020-21) 1,56,65,630 1,23,97,908 2,80,63,538 Source: Dept. of Fisheries, State Govt./UT Administration(2023) 27

28. 28 FISH CONSUMPTION 28

29. Fish is an important component of human diet FISH - A SOURCE OF ALL NUTRIENTS (except carbohydrates) Important source of Quality Animal Proteins Rich source of Micronutrients (minerals and vitamins) Fish Oils - A rich source of PUFAs Rich source of Anti-oxidants Small indigenous fishes (SIFs) are nutrient dense-rich source of Micronutrients (minerals and vitamins) Source: Mohanty B. P. et al. (2016) 29

30. Nutrient composition Nutrient composition of fish varies with species Rich source of Protein content varies from 15-22% Fat content varies 0.7 - 10% (lean or fatty fishes) Mineral content 0.5 - 5% Source :- Mohanty B. P. et al. (2019) 30

31. Labeo rohita Cirrhinus mrigala Catla catla Sperata seenghala Tor putitora Cyprinus carpio Protein rich Micronutrient dense Anabas testudineus Puntius sophore Amblypharyngodon mola Heteropneustes fossilis Clarias batrachus Sardines ( Sardinella longiceps ) Tenualosa ilisha Anabas testudineus Fat (Oil) rich Fish species rich in different nutrients Oncorhynchus mykiss Rita rita Chitala chitala 31

32. “the sustainability of fisheries and aquaculture is a fundamental condition for food security and nutrition .”   more than 3 billion people dependent on fish as a significant part of their diet the world’s population projected to grow by 33% by 2050 , requiring production of 70% more food to meet demand due to COVID-19, the sustainable consumption of fish should be a global nutritional priority 32 Importance of Fish in Future Point of View Importance of Fish in Future Point of View Source: forbes.com

33. 33 Studies have found that switching proteins from red meat to seafood reduces the risk of heart disease, cancer and diabetes micronutrients like those found in wild-caught fish are important in preventing prenatal and maternal mortality, growth retardation, child mortality, cognitive deficits and reduced immune function fisheries sustainably “could increase global fishing yields by 15 per cent and profits by 80 per cent.” Wild fisheries produce modest amounts of greenhouse gases and help to support the marine environment Source: forbes.com

34. Major States Fish consumption data (kg/capita/year) State/UT Yearly fish consumption data (kg/capita/year) A & N Island 105 Lakshadweep 89 Tripura 27.62 Karnataka 20.72 Kerala 20.65 Manipur 18.25 Odisha 17.73 Chhattisgarh 17.5 Puducherry 15.95 West Bengal 15.11 Himachal Pradesh 14 All India 478.10 Source: Dept. of Fisheries, State Govt./UT Administration(2023) 34

35. Major states number of Household reported consumption per 1000 Households Source: National Sample Survey Organization (2011-12) State/UT Number of households reported consumption per 1000 households Rural Urban Tripura 963 933 Lakshadweep 849 889 A & N Island 914 781 Goa 838 809 Kerala 868 794 West Bengal 831 792 Assam 804 750 Puducherry 735 670 Gujarat 54 84 India 265 210 35

36. Products & By-Products of Fish 36

37. Fish Liver Oil It is most important by-products of Fish It is storehouse of Glycogen and Fat along with Vitamins A & D It contains 20-36% of Water, 5-10% of Proteins and 55-75% of Fats USES It is extracted from the liver of fishes and is of great medicinal value since ancient times It prevent disease like rickets, xeropthalmia, impaired vision and eye defect It will ensure good growth of bone & teeth and will develop more resistance to counter bacterial attack Source :- (Lalremsanga) 37

38. 2. Fish Body Oil On an average about half(1/2) kg of fish body oil can be obtained from 5 kg of fishes Contain high amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) USES After various refinement processes,it will be used for Edible purposes It is used in the manufacture of laundry and toilet soap Due to presence of Vit. A & D, it is used for Medicinal purposes, animal and poultry feed Body oil is generally used for industrial purposes, like lubricants, cosmetics, paints , etc Source :- (Lalremsanga ) 38

39. 3. Fish Meal Fishmeal has high quality protein containing high levels of lysine, methionine and cysteine It is also a good source of B-group vitamins like cyanocobalamine (B12), chlorine, niacin, pantothenic acid and riboflavin Fishmeal is rich in minerals like calcium, phosphorus, copper and iron and is also the source of some trace element Source :- (Lalremsanga ) 39

40. USES Fishmeal is a traditionally used livestock feed supplement Fish meal low in fat or stabilized with antioxidant is preferred in aquaculture feeds Composition of Fish Meal : Protein: 50-70%; Fat: 05-10%; Ash:12-33%; moisture, 06-10% Source :- (Lalremsanga ) 40

41. 4. Fish Flour It is hydrolised protein On commercial scale, it is produced by a sophisticated solvent extraction process USES It is an ideal protein source to supplement diet for both adults and infants It is used to enrich bakery products such as bread, biscuits, cakes and soup As the product contains high protein (35%), it is very suitable for convalescing patients struck with malnutrition, anaemia , etc. Source :- (Lalremsanga ) 41

42. Other Products & By-Products Fish Silage Fish Solubles Fish Biscuits Fish Glue Fish Manure Fish Sausage and Ham Source :- (Lalremsanga ) 42

43. Paddy-Cum-Fish Culture It is a system of producing fish in combination with paddy cultivation using the same resources in the same unit area In India it has been a traditional practice largely in the North-Eastern Region Paddy-cum-Fish Culture is easy, cost-effective and environmental friendly Moreover it can increase paddy yield as a result of nutrients and pest control by fish Besides it can enhance farmer’s income and provide nutritional security Two types of Paddy-cum-Fish Culture: ( i ) Simultaneous or Concurrent Method (ii) Alternate or Rotation Method Source: Dept. of Fisheries (2020) 43

44. Management of Paddy-cum-fish culture will be under the technical guidance of the State Dept. of Fisheries Source: Dept. of Fisheries (2020) 44

45. 45 Parameters Paddy Cultivation without Fish Paddy Cultivation with Fish Size of Paddy Field/Plot 0.1 ha to 1.0 ha 0.2 ha to 1.0 ha Density Paddy: 40-60 kg/ha (spacing 20-24 cm) Paddy: 40-60 kg/ha (spacing 20-24 cm); Fish Fingerlings: 2,000-6,000/ha (>10 cm) Production Paddy: 1.7 t/ ha (average) Paddy: 1.8-2.0 t/ ha (increase by 7.9-8.6%) Fish: 700-2000 kg/ha/cycle Setup Cost (Rs) Rs. 9,135/ha Rs.70,000 /ha (additional cost incurred includes digging trench/refuge pond, strengthening & widening dykes, channels, drains, inlet, outlet) Operational Cost (Rs) Rs. 42,000/ha (Paddy seed, manure, etc.) Rs. 80,000/ha (Paddy & Fish seed, manure, supplementary fish feed with locally available ingredients, labour , etc.) Total Cost (Rs) Rs.51,135/ha Rs. 1,50,000/ha Income Rs.1.70 lakh Rs. 3.20 - 5.80 lakh/ha (Rs.1.8 lakh from paddy and Rs.1.40 – 4.0 lakh from fish) Profit Rs. 1.19 lakh/ yr Rs.1.70 – 4.30 lakh/ yr Source: Dept. of Fisheries (2020)

46. Aquaponics System Aquaponics is combination of aquaculture and hydroponics This system is having the advantage of using less water, lesser area of land, waste renewal, less labour , etc. The fish excreta provide nutrients for the plants, while the plants clean the water, creating a suitable environment for the fish to grow Along with microbes play an important role to the nutrition of the plant. These beneficial bacteria gather in spaces between the roots of plant and converts the fish waste & the solids into nutrient substances that plants can use to grow Source: Dept. of Fisheries, State Govt./UT Administration(2022) 46

47. Benefits No need to use fertilizers Aquaponic gardens use 1/10 th of the water you would use for soil garden Pesticides or other chemicals can’t be used because they would harm the fish No any soil borne diseases Water is used in a closed system and circulated effectively , so reducing the consumption of water You can grow plants in very small space and have a great harvest Limitations pH should be neutral from 6.8 to 7.2 is good for the aquaponic garden You can grow vegetables that don’t need heavy nutrient input. Ex. Herbs, radishes, spinach, lettuce, mint and other small vegetables. Cabbage, tomato, cucumber, broccoli and cauliflower can require more nutrition or more advanced aquaponic system Source: Dept. of Fisheries, State Govt./UT Administration(2022) 47

48. Schemes & Programme 48

49. Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana -PMMSY Launch Date : 10th September 2020 Concerned Government Department : Department of Fisheries ies Tenure : 2020-2025 Source: nfdb.gov.in (2020) 49

50. Desirable outcomes of PMMSY The increase of fish production from 13.75 MMT (2018-19) to 22 MMT by 2025 Increase of the fisheries sectors’ GVA contribution in the agriculture GVA from 7.28% to 9% by 2025 Double export earnings from Rs.46589 crore to Rs. 1 lakh crore by 2025 Decrease in post-harvest loss from 25 % to 10 % Generation of 55 lakh direct and indirect employment opportunities in fisheries sector by 2025 Increase in domestic fish consumption from 5 kg to 12 kg per capita Source: nfdb.gov.in (2020) 50

51. Approved activities under PMMSY during Till Date 597709 Fisher's families to get livelihood and nutritional support during fishing ban/lean period 21849.41 Pond area (in Ha) under Inland aquaculture 3997 Biofloc units 26447 Fish transportation facilities 1038 Fish feed mill/plants 829 Fish/Prawn hatcheries 581 Ice plant/Cold storages 79 Extension and support services ( Matsya Seva Kendras ) Source: Dept. of Fisheries, State Govt./UT Administration(2024) 51

52. Kisan Credit Cards (KCC) for Fish Farmers The Government of India, in the year 2018-19, extended KCC facility to fisheries and animal husbandry farmers to help them to meet their working capital requirements Bank authorities have been instructed to issue KCC within 14 days of receipt of the completed application from the fish farmers Source: Dept. of Fisheries, State Govt./UT Administration(2023) 52

53. For the existing KCC holders the benefits of interest subvention and prompt repayment incentive will be admissible up to the credit limit of Rs. 3 lakhs including fisheries activities In the case of new card holders , the credit limit is Rs. 2 lakhs to meet their working capital requirements for fisheries activities In the KCC scheme @ 7% is the lending rate to farmers including @ 2% interest subvention per annum by Govt. of India. Also, another @ 3% per annum is provided in case of prompt repayment as an additional incentive as per the existing guidelines This implies that the farmers repaying promptly as above would get a loan @ 4% per annum effectively for loan amount upto Rs 2 lakhs Source: Dept. of Fisheries, State Govt./UT Administration(2023) 53

54. Fish Marketing System Anand district plays 1 st rank in village pond fish productivity Mostly fish consignments with large quantum are sent to Surat fish market 13.3 % of fish farmers practice retail fish marketing system 57.8 % of fish farmers practice whole sale fish marketing system. They engage fishing party (Bihari party) for harvesting of fish. Fishing party charges Rs. 4,000-5,000 per day 28.9 % of fish farmers practice both the fish marketing systems (wholesale & retail) at a time Source: Patel & Raijada (2019) 54

55. Source: Kumar et al .(2016) There are some fish farmers who procure fish seed from West Bengal through air transportation for themselves and also for sale to other fish farmers on commission basis 55

56. Success story Fishermen of south Gujarat and middle Gujarat State have already initiated cage culture practice to boost fish production in reservoirs and lakes Mr. Ashraf Memon , a progressive fish farmer of Anand district has successfully adopted cage culture in his village pond Previously, he was facing difficulties in harvesting fish from his village pond, as the pond is quite deep To come out from this difficulty, he initiated floating cage culture practice in village pond. He started with three cages, each of 6 x 4 x 4 meters Source: Patel & Raijada (2020) 56

57. Mo. No. 9725360472 Name of village pond: Gamadi pond , Taluka & District: Anand Size of the cages: 6 x 4 x 4 meters Material used in fabrication of cages : monofilament nets, sealed PVC drums and bamboos Cost of cages : Each cage costs Rs. 1.50 lakhs and accordingly three cages cost Rs. 3.50 lakhs. Culture period : 300 days Feeding time : Morning and Evening ( two times ) Source: Patel & Raijada (2020) 57

58. 58 Expenditure Income 4500 numbers of fish in 1 cage Cost of fish seed : Rs. 5 per fish seed Fish production after 300 days For one cage : 4200 Kilogram For three cages: 12,600 Kilogram Value realized per Kilogram : Rs. 100 For one cage Rs. 4500 x 5 Rs. 22,500 For one cage = 4200 x Rs. 100 Rs. 4,20,000 For three cages Rs. 67,500 For three cages :12,600 x Rs. 100 Rs. 12,60,000 Cost of feed per fish : Rs. 45 per fish For 1 cage Rs. 45 x 4500 fish seed Rs. 2,02,500 For 3 cages : Rs. 45 x 13500 fish seeds Rs. 6,07,500 Electricity bill Rs. 12,000 Medicines etc. Rs. 13,000 watch and ward Rs. 1,20,000 Total Expenditure Rs. 8,20,000 Total Income Rs. 12,60,000 Net Income Rs. 4,40,000

59. Conclusion Fish enhances food security of a country. Generally, we see that fish addresses all issues of society as a F(Food), I(Income), S(Social Upliftment) and H(Household security). Our population is increasing day by day that increases food requirements of the population. To satisfy the food security of the whole population, land resources are also depleted down. In this context, nutritional requirement of fish is a key component of human diet need to be focussed . Fish is rich of all essential nutrients & micronutrients. Our country has large water resources which help to generate future employment and food from the fisheries . The sector also has wide scope for food processing and export of fish & fish products that leads to increase in income for the farmers. In a nutshell, fish as a panacea that addresses food at oneside and income at another that strengthens social and livelihood security of a country. 59

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