Flood Happened In Mahad .pptx

This PPT is all about the flood conditions happening every year at Mahad,Raigad.
There are some other case studies locations having same conditions and issues.

1. MAHAD FLOOD : REASONS AND RESOLUTIONS Aim : To study the causes of flooding in Mahad region . Objective : 1. To study the flood crisis in Mahad City. 2. To study the causes of floods in Mahad City. 3. To study the main aspects affecting the situation. 4. To find solution to minimize the severity of the issue. Introduction : A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry. Land use changes such as deforestation and destruction of wetlands, changes in river channel or flood barriers and bigger environmental challenges such as climate change, sea level rise all contribute to increased flooding intensity and frequency. Greater rainfall and extreme weather events caused by climate change aggravate the severity of other causes of flooding, resulting in more violent floods and increased flood risk. When the flow rate of a river exceeds the capacity of the river channel, particularly near bends or twists in the waterway, flooding can occur . The plateau of Maharashtra was formed about 100,000 years ago. The plateaus of Sahyadri mountain range are formed on this plateau. The height of Mahabaleshwar mountains in this range is 4500 feet. River Savitri originates from Mahabaleshwar, Along the way river meets many tributaries and flows through the Bankot village and directly goes to Arabian sea . River Savitri is the main aspect for flooding. Flood occurs every year in Mahad, approximately in month of July – August.

2. CASE STUDIES : Kolhapur Floods, 2020: After ten to twelve days of continuous rain at intervals of 15-20 years, a massive flood has come. 2020’s flood changed this equation from the previous rains.  Within three days of heavy rain, River Panchganga crossed the danger line and set a new record. The low-lying areas of the city as well as highlands were flooded. Gaganbawa in Kolhapur is known as 'Praticherapunji’, About 850 mm of rain was recorded in the area below Ratnagiri. This is much more than the total rainfall in two months and was the first record of falling in a specific area in a short period of time . EFFECTS: Besides the loss of life of human, farm animals and pets, heavy crop losses were evident in Kolhapur Districts of Maharashtra. Flood waters caused damage house built of stone and mud. Lot of mud was flown from crop fields to residential areas and caused damage to property, vehicles, household articles like TV, Refrigerator, food grains, bedding material, books, utensils, etc. The ordeal did not end there; as the waters started receding, damaged organic matter, dead animal carcasses, etc. started to decompose and gave out foul smell and thereby a heavy infestation of house flies Contamination of drinking water is the major risk factor for disease outbreaks. Water contaminated with animal faeces, excreta leads to serious infections.

3. Analysis and conclusion : It is being argued that this is a result of global climate change. But it is not possible to escape from the problems arising out of the floods just by giving reasons like climate change, excessive rains. People need to plan to move to safer places before the floods hit. In fact, this year, the district administration had a triple level plan on how to deal with a disaster in the rainy season.  A village-wise action plan was drawn up on what should be planned in case of normal rains, floods and high-risk floods. Plan should be implemented. The discharge carrying capacity of the river Krishna was inadequate to accommodate the releases of Koyna dam. Safety majors given at 2005, 2019 were ignored by government. 2019 flood situation

4. Analysis and conclusion :

5. Why this happened ? Savitri River has its source in heavy rainfall zone of Western Ghat Ranges at an altitude of 1212 meters above mean sea level with the catchment area of 2899 km2 with total length of 99 km from its source at Mahabaleshwar to the confluence with Arabian Sea near Bankot harbor. The main reason behind the heavy flooding is dependent on raining and flooding occurring in Mahabaleshvar as River Savitri originates from Mahabaleshwar , water flows to Mahad . From its source, the the main course of river flows towards west for a distance of 15 km and then it flows northwards up to the confluence with its major tributary River Kal, afterwards, it flows westward. Downstream to Mahad town, River Gandhari, a major right bank tributary joins River Savitri. The total catchment area of Savitri River upto Mahad town is 1032 km2 comprising three sub-catchments viz. R. Savitri, R. Kal and R. Gandhari. Mahad town, is situated on the right bank of Savitri River. During monsoon rains, and heavy rainfall over the basin, or during storm event the Mahad town is oftenly inundated by Savitri River.

6. Causes of flood : The main reason of this situation is heavy rain at Mahabaleshwar and Mahad . Drainage system in Mahad is not efficient to control the floody situation happening every year . There is no such outlet to drain water The constructions happning over everywhere affects the situation . ( there were seven numbers of huge lakes in Mahad which helped in maintain water level , but for construction purpose they filled up 4 lakes .) The huge project recently happening in mahad is Mumbai – Goa highway . Due to climate change , rainy season started at end of the June and over burst in the month of July . As per the information Mahad is satelled on basin of River Savitri . There is a danger of flood since old time . 10-15 feet of silt that has been formed for the last several centuries between the river bed and the south bank of Mahad village and affecting the situation . From the mouth of the Savitri river at Bankot, the tidal water of the sea flows to Mahad.

7. effects of flood : Besides the loss of life of human, farm animals and pets and heavy crop losses were evident in Mahad . Flood waters caused damage house built of stone and mud. Lot of mud was flown from crop fields to residential areas and caused damage to property, vehicles, household articles like TV, Refrigerator, food grains, bedding material, books, utensils, etc. Contamination of drinking water is the major risk factor for disease outbreaks. Water was contaminated with animal faeces, excreta which leads to serious infections. A large no of people is stranded on the streets during the rains, thousands lose their houses and properties . N o food , water and electricity is available for 18 – 20 days . E ach and every vehicle is stopped working as they are in water for whole night . H ospitals and banks , atms etc. facilities are no more available after flood gone . Large no of businesses are disturbed . Broad layer of mud spread on road and houses .

8. 22 nd July 6.18 pm 22 nd July 6.40 pm 22 nd July 6.53 pm 22 nd July 7.14 pm Chavadar Tale , Mahad

9. INFERENCES : The celestial position of the moon (date) as well as the perigee / apogee position of the moon should be taken in consideration . Summaries of High tides in the Arabian Sea in July The daily rainfall in the Savitri tributary basin should be taken in consideration . Room for River, Savitri River On the way from Mahabaleshwar to Mahad, she has to take many hills. Is it possible to drain the river water by removing nallas in places where the river bed shrinks due to hills Complete removal of an island known as Jutha or cutting the south side of Jutha in a straight line by looking at the direction of flow. Mahadkar will have to consider the issue of immediate removal of 10-15 feet of silt that has been formed for the last several centuries between the river bed and the south bank of Mahad village. human intervention that has been taking place over the last few years in the character of the river is. The World is facing global warming . sea water levels are rising as the Arctic ice sheet melts with rising temperatures .

10. Flooding in Mahad town is strongly related to the occurrence of torrential rainfall caused by the monsoon winds coming from Arabian Sea. Floods in and around Mahad town are caused by the small rivers coming down from the adjacent Western Ghat Ranges to the west of the town. Due to some reasons, July and August were the most hazardous months of. These were the month with highest total monthly rainfall, with maximum peak discharge. When the floods happened in 2005 and 2007, experts suggested some resolution which could be implemented to amputate the risk factors that cause floods. But Government has not implemented those yet. The tributary rivers will generate flood events with the same return period of the rainfall that triggered them, in spite of the differences between the basins. The areas considered with high flood hazard correspond mostly to the middle part of the town. Structural and non-structural measures must be put into practice in the Mahad town, in order to reduce the economical losses due to flooding. Flooding along the area with less urban influence occurs more naturally, due to the presence of flat areas with deficient drainage. conclusion : References : 2005 to 2007 (river, storm events in Mahad) DPR Savitri River. Flood Inundation Mapping of Savitri River Floods in and around Mahad Town (2005 & 2007 Storm Events) by Using GIS Tools, North Konkan, Maharashtra, India Newspaper Cuttings

11. Thankyou Tanvi tipnis Fourth year B.Arch.