For Physiology of exercise as a subject course.pptx

Those who are taking BPED course

1. Physiology of exercise and physical activity I - Bped

2. Preliminary topics Introduction to Physiology of Exercise and Physical Activity Structure and functions of Exercising Muscle Fuel of Exercise Neural Control of Exercising Muscle Energy Expenditure and Fatigue

3. Objectives Describe the general scope of the field of exercise and sports physiology Define key terminology within exercise physiology; and; Understand the importance of physiology of exercise and physical activity

4. Physiology Physiology is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a sub-discipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out chemical and physical functions in a living system. 

5. Physiology of Exercise The physiology of exercise is a broad concept that addresses the central issue as to how the body adapts itself to the demands of physical activity. Physiology is the academic study of the various processes, systems, and functions of the human body as influenced by the performance of physical activity.

6. Physiology of exercise Exercise is a term that has a variety of possible meanings, each dictated by circumstances. In a sports context, exercise is the performance, conditioning or training undertaken in respect to a particular athletic or sporting purpose. Exercise may also be directed to improvement of a person's general health, physical fitness , or as physical therapy , to augment an existing treatment to remedy or to ameliorate the effects of a disease or illness upon the body.

7. The term exercise physiology is used to identify the corresponding course of academic study offered at universities around the world.

8. The human body undergoes adaptations on a continuous basis. Sport tends to heighten the power of the body to adapt to heighten the power of the body to adapt to training, competition, or other circumstances, as sport is often the most profound stress experienced by the body. As an example, when the body is subjected to a fever, where the subject's temperature becomes significantly elevated above its usual range centered at 98.6°F (37.7°C), the body's metabolism (the overall rate of activity in the body's processes) increases; the running of a marathon may increase metabolic rates to many time their normal level.

9. Virtually every process and organ within the body is affected by exercise. As an example, the skin, the largest human organ, undergoes physical changes when exposed to the environmental factors encountered in sport, such as increases and decreases in external temperatures.

10. The physiology of exercise is tend to center upon the most important physical systems to athletic performance: the cardiovascular system , the cardiorespiratory system, the thermoregulatory system, body composition and the musculoskeletal system. It is these aspects of human function that tend to have the greatest impact upon the ability of an athlete to maintain or improve their level of performance in any sport.

11. The cardiovascular system is the physical network composed of the heart and its connected arteries, veins, and capillaries. The cardiovascular system is the vehicle through which the oxygen and fuels required by the cells within the body are supplied; the cardiovascular system removes all waste products from the cells and organs for disposal.

12. When the body is subjected to exercise, and its increased physical demands, the cardiovascular system is forced to work more quickly and more efficiently to fulfill bodily needs. A number of physiological changes occur over time to this system through exercise.

13. The first and the most fundamental change to the cardiovascular system is with respect to the function of the heart. The cardiac muscle of the heart will grow stronger over time, as the heart becomes adapted to working harder during exercise.

14. A stronger and more efficient heart reduces the resting pulse of the subject; as the heart strengthens, it does not have to beat as frequently as when at rest to achieve the same effect in the pumping of blood through the cardiovascular system

15. The greater flow of blood available to a person who regularly exercises tends to reduce the amount of low- density lipoproteins within the blood vessels that can form a harmful blockage known as plaque, a condition that tends to narrow the passage within each artery. Exercise does not make the arteries larger, but these vessels become more elastic through exercise permitting a greater and more beneficial blood flow through out the body.

16. The second important physiological change experienced by the cardiovascular system due to exercise is the reduction of blood pressure . Blood pressure is defined as the force of blood being pushed against the walls of the arteries of the cardiovascular system. High blood pressure has two components; systolic pressure is that measured during a heartbeat, and diastolic pressure is that present between heartbeats.

17. Blood pressure is measured as the relationship of systolic to diastolic levels. High blood pressure, expressed as a measurement greater than 140/90 mmHg (millimeters of mercury, a unit of atmospheric pressure), is a condition where the heart is forced to work harder than it was designe d in order to direct blood through the entire system. High blood pressure raises the risk for heart attack and stroke.

18. Subject to other genetic factors or environmental impacts such as smoking, exercise will tend to reduce blood pressure. Athletes almost always possess a blood pressure reading significantly lower than that normally found in the regular population.

19. The most profound impact of exercise upon the cardiorespiratory system also affects the function of the cardiovascular system. The maximum volume of oxygen that an athlete can consume during exercise is known by the expression VO 2 max.

20. Particularly in the endurance sports, where the athlete is fueling their body by way of the aerobic energy system, endurance training will increase the athlete's VO 2 . The ability of athletes to increase their maximum oxygen capacity is universal; female athletes will generally possess a VO 2 max ranging between 60% and 75% of that of a similarly conditioned male, due to the greater muscle mass present in a male athlete which must be serviced through the delivery of oxygen to the energy producing cell.

21. Female athletes are as strong as a male counterpart when muscle strength is measured per unit, as per cubic inch of muscle (cm 3 ). Exercise improves the ability of the cardiorespiratory system to take oxygen from air inhaled into the lungs, and then load and transport it more efficiently. Greater efficiency in the movement of blood through the cardiovascular system permits greater amounts of oxygen to be transferred from the respiratory system ;