FOR TODAY'S ACTIVITY 2.0.pptx-ENGR.RAMSESPUNO

FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY.

1. How did Christianity begin?

2. Christianity began in the 1st century AD after Jesus died, as a small group of Jewish people in Judea, but quickly spread throughout the Roman empire. Despite early persecution of Christians, it later became the state religion. In the Middle Ages it spread into Northern Europe and Russia.

3. Timeline of Significant Events in the History of Christianity

4. Practices

5. Although there have been different forms of Christianity, much of their rituals are shared. The most important among them are believed to be signs of God’s grace, called sacraments.

6. People who want to be converted to Christianity will have to undergo baptism. The person is cleansed with water, to signify repentance and cleansing. Catholics and Orthodox baptize babies, while some Protestants baptize only those who are willing (Molloy 2005, 403-4).

7. During the Last Supper, Jesus broke the bread and shared the wine to represent His Body and Blood, and the Apostles were sharing His sufferings. This is commemorated through the sacrament of the Eucharist, where Christians gather in the church, and share the Body and Blood of Christ. Some churches use literal bread and wine, while others interpret it symbolically (Molloy 2005 404-405).

8. These two are the most important sacraments in Christian practice. Others include confirmation which is a blessing of initiation after baptism; reconciliation, where someone confesses his/her sins and gets absolution; matrimony, where two people commit themselves with each other for life with God as the center; ordination, where someone commits himself to priesthood; and anointing of the sick, which is usually taken by a sick person (Molloy 2005, 405-406).

9. Complete the table by providing the needed information based on the passages that you have read. Copy and answer this in your journal. 1. What significant concept have you learned from today’s activity? 2. What meaning does it give you as a person?

10. Religion vary in several ways: in doctrines or creeds or in practice. Christianity is divided into three major divisions which are Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Protestantism. The reading that follows deals with varieties of Christianity and some issues on this religion. Be able to analyze and tell your opinions regarding the issues along Christianity. Write your answer on your journal.

11. Varieties or Types of Christianity

12. For about 300 years since the death of Peter and Paul, the Romans persecuted Christians. “Christianity was declared illegal, and many Christians died f or their faith.” But when Constantine became the first Christian emperor of the Empire (East and West), Christianity was more and more accepted, until it became the religion of the Roman Empire at 380 CE (Brown 1991,36). Constantine ruled as an emperor of both Western and Eastern until his death in 337 CE. He transferred the capital from Rome to Byzantine, which he renamed Constantinople (Higgins 2007,76).

13. Eastern Orthodox With the capital in Constantinople, the Eastern Roman Empire flourished, but at the cost of the political and military power of the Western Empire (Higgins 2007,76). When the Latin-speaking Western Roman Empire fell in the 5th century BCE, Western Christianity developed independently. The Greek-speaking Eastern empire developed its own form of Christianity until 1453. This Eastern Church is called Orthodox Church because they settled on traditional beliefs throughout its reign (Molloy 2005, 374).

14. Protestant Reformation With the successful spread and development of the Western Roman Church, they earned financial and political support from the people. At one point, during the construction of Saint Peter’s Basilica in Rome, the papacy was asking for contributions, in return for “indulgence,” which shortens the time that a soul would spend in purgatory. Martin Luther, a German priest, “opposed the idea that anything spiritual can be sold” (Molloy 2005, 386-388).

15. As such, he posted on the door of the Castle church of Wittenberg his proposed changed and reforms, in the form of 95 theses. Luther was asked to retract his statements, but he refused to do so. He “affirmed the supreme authority of the scripture and rejected both the papal authority and the binding force of decisions rendered by ecumenical councils” (Higgins 2007, 88).

16. Luther pushed for “ the right of every individual to radically question and reinterpret Christian belief and practice, “which was called the Protestant Principle (Molloy 2005, 388). There are many kinds of Protestants and here are some of them.

17. Martin Luther translated the Christian Bible into German , to allow the liturgical practices to be more open to the people who do not understand Latin. “Over the years, Lutheranism has retained Luther’s original enthusiasm for the Bible, a trust in God, and excellent c hurch music” (Molloy 2005, 389)

18. The Protestants seek to find what is essential to the Christian experience. It places great emphasis on the individual’s own ability to establish a personal relationship with God summarized terms of return to simple Christianity, the centrality of Jesus, the guidance of the Bible, the importance of faith, direct relationship with God, and the value of individual judgement.

19. Roman Catholics As a response to several Protestants, the Roman Catholic Church started what we call the Catholic Reformation or Counter Reformation, which began with the Council of Trent in 1545. They had to reform some of their own rigid doctrines to respond to the refo rms of the Protestants. They affirmed Luther’s conviction that the scripture has binding authority, but the interpretations is entrusted to the Church officials, and not to individuals.

20. Salvation is decided to require faith, hope, and love, as well as good deeds (Higgins 2007, 93). As a result of the Protestant Reformation, Catholicism defends the following beliefs and practices: the importance of good works, the value of tradition, a guided interpretation of the Bible, hierarchical authority, veneration of Mary and the saints, and the seven Sacrament.

21. ANSWER ME How do the three types of Christianity vary? 2. How do these types or varieties find similarities under the major religion of Christianity?

22. 1. What is the important concept that you value from the discussion? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________. 2. What have you discovered about yourself in relation to the beliefs in Christianity? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________.

23. Interview a couple in your neighbor about their religion. Ask why they prefer to belong to such religion and what beliefs and practices they value. APPLICATION

24. Varieties or Types of Christianity

25. For about 300 years since the death of Peter and Paul, the Romans persecuted Christians. “Christianity was declared illegal, and many Christians died f or their faith.” But when Constantine became the first Christian emperor of the Empire (East and West), Christianity was more and more accepted, until it became the religion of the Roman Empire at 380 CE (Brown 1991,36). Constantine ruled as an emperor of both Western and Eastern until his death in 337 CE. He transferred the capital from Rome to Byzantine, which he renamed Constantinople (Higgins 2007,76).

26. Eastern Orthodox With the capital in Constantinople, the Eastern Roman Empire flourished, but at the cost of the political and military power of the Western Empire (Higgins 2007,76). When the Latin-speaking Western Roman Empire fell in the 5th century BCE, Western Christianity developed independently. The Greek-speaking Eastern empire developed its own form of Christianity until 1453. This Eastern Church is called Orthodox Church because they settled on traditional beliefs throughout its reign (Molloy 2005, 374).

27. Protestant Reformation With the successful spread and development of the Western Roman Church, they earned financial and political support from the people. At one point, during the construction of Saint Peter’s Basilica in Rome, the papacy was asking for contributions, in return for “indulgence,” which shortens the time that a soul would spend in purgatory. Martin Luther, a German priest, “opposed the idea that anything spiritual can be sold” (Molloy 2005, 386-388).

28. As such, he posted on the door of the Castle church of Wittenberg his proposed changed and reforms, in the form of 95 theses. Luther was asked to retract his statements, but he refused to do so. He “affirmed the supreme authority of the scripture and rejected both the papal authority and the binding force of decisions rendered by ecumenical councils” (Higgins 2007, 88).

29. Luther pushed for “ the right of every individual to radically question and reinterpret Christian belief and practice, “which was called the Protestant Principle (Molloy 2005, 388). There are many kinds of Protestants and here are some of them.

30. Martin Luther translated the Christian Bible into German , to allow the liturgical practices to be more open to the people who do not understand Latin. “Over the years, Lutheranism has retained Luther’s original enthusiasm for the Bible, a trust in God, and excellent c hurch music” (Molloy 2005, 389)

31. The Protestants seek to find what is essential to the Christian experience. It places great emphasis on the individual’s own ability to establish a personal relationship with God summarized terms of return to simple Christianity, the centrality of Jesus, the guidance of the Bible, the importance of faith, direct relationship with God, and the value of individual judgement.

32. Roman Catholics As a response to several Protestants, the Roman Catholic Church started what we call the Catholic Reformation or Counter Reformation, which began with the Council of Trent in 1545. They had to reform some of their own rigid doctrines to respond to the refo rms of the Protestants. They affirmed Luther’s conviction that the scripture has binding authority, but the interpretations is entrusted to the Church officials, and not to individuals.

33. Salvation is decided to require faith, hope, and love, as well as good deeds (Higgins 2007, 93). As a result of the Protestant Reformation, Catholicism defends the following beliefs and practices: the importance of good works, the value of tradition, a guided interpretation of the Bible, hierarchical authority, veneration of Mary and the saints, and the seven Sacrament.

34. ANSWER ME How do the three types of Christianity vary? 2. How do these types or varieties find similarities under the major religion of Christianity?

35. 1. What is the important concept that you value from the discussion? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________. 2. What have you discovered about yourself in relation to the beliefs in Christianity? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________.

36. Interview a couple in your neighbor about their religion. Ask why they prefer to belong to such religion and what beliefs and practices they value. APPLICATION