G1.1-2 - Study of Change 1st year college presentation

Chemistry subject

3. ●Itisthesciencethatdealswiththeproperties,composition,
andstructureofsubstances(definedaselementsand
compounds),thetransformationstheyundergo,andthe
energythatisreleasedorabsorbedduringtheseprocesses.
(Britannica)
●Itisabranchofsciencethatinvolvesthestudyofthe
composition,structureandpropertiesofmatter.
●Itisthestudyofmatterandthechangesitundergoes.

4. ●Matter–anythingthatoccupiesspaceandhasmass.
Mass–isameasureofthequantityofmatter
○Composition–thetypesandamountsofsimplersubstancesthatmakeitup
■PureSubstance–isatypeofmatterthathasadefined,fixedcomposition
-itcannotbeseparatedintocomponentsbyphysicalmeans
●Element–cannotbebrokendownintosimplersubstancesevenbyachemical
reaction
○Metal–shinyandcanconductelectricity
○Nonmetal–doesnotdisplaythepropertiesofametal
●Compound–composedoftwoormoreelementscombinedindefinite
proportions
-haspropertiesdifferentfromthoseofitscomponentelements

5. ■Mixture–consistsoftwoormorepuresubstancesandmayvaryincomposition
●HomogeneousMixture(Solution)–uniformcompositionthroughout
●HeterogeneousMixture–notuniformthroughout
○Theparticlesinasuspensionarelargerthantheparticlesinacolloid.
○Properties–thecharacteristicsthatgiveeachsubstanceitsuniqueidentity.
■PhysicalProperties–thosethatasubstanceshowsbyitself,withoutchanginginto
orinteractingwithanothersubstance.Ex.color,meltingpoint,electricalconductivity
●PhysicalChange–occurswhenasubstancealtersitsphysicalform,notits
composition
■ChemicalProperties–thosethatasubstanceshowsasitchangesintoorinteracts
withanothersubstance/s.Ex.Flammability,corrosiveness,andreactivitywithacids
●ChemicalChange(ChemicalReaction)–occurswhenasubstance/sis
convertedintoadifferentsubstance/s

7. ●Matteroccurscommonlyinthreephysicalformscalled
states.
Forageneralsubstance,eachstateisdefinedbythewayitfillsacontainer.
○Solid–hasafixedshapethatisnotrelatedtotheshapeofthecontainerholdingit.
○Liquid–takestheshapeofthefilledportionofitscontainer,anditcanbepoured.
○Gas–hasnofixedshape;itadoptstheshapeofitscontainerandfillstheavailablespace
completely.
TheFourthstateofmatter
○Plasma-stateofmatterthatissimilartogas,buttheatomicparticlesarecharged(ions
and/orelectrons)ratherthanneutral.

8. SOLID LIQUID GAS
fixed shape Shape of container (may or
may not fill it)
Shape of container
(fills it)
Its own shape Its own volume Volume of container
No volume change under
pressure
Slight volume change under
pressure
Large volume change under
pressure
Particles are fixed in place
in a regular (crystalline)
array
Particles are randomly
arranged and free to move
about until they bump into
one another
Particles are widely
separated and move
independently of one
another