Gathering-Information-and-summarzing-findings.pptx

Group 6 EAPP G-12 reports

1. Planning the Intervention English for Academic and Professional Purposes JEAN A. VALERA Teacher

2. Planning the Intervention Gathering Information and Summarizing Findings JEAN A. VALERA Teacher

3. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District The task of gathering or collecting information or data from surveys requires a high level of knowledge and skill. You need to be familiar with the different types of survey questions and learn the art of formulating them before you, yourself, can conduct the survey and actually gather primary data. Primary data, as the name implies, is data you yourself as a researcher collect from first – hand sources using methods like surveys, interviews, or experiments. What is it?

4. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . Open-ended questions These types of questions do not have predetermined options or answers. The respondents are allowed to answer the questions freely. Responses must be recorded verbatim-especially because coding and analysis will rely on the subject’s exact responses. Types of Survey Questions

5. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Open-ended questions often need probing or follow-up questions to clarify certain items in the subject’s response. These question typically ask the “how” and “why” of something. Ex: Why did you choose to vote for candidate X? Kindly explain.

6. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District 2. Dichotomous questions Dichotomous questions have two possible answers, often either yes/no, true/false, or agree/ disagree. These questions are used when the researcher wants to clearly distinguish the respondent’s opinion, preference, experience or behavior.

7. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . Example: HIV/AIDS is transmitted through saliva: True False

8. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . 3. Multiple-response questions There are certain questions that necessitate the respondents to provide more than one answer. For example, a typical advertising survey would ask the question, “How did you find about the particular service or item”? A respondent may have encountered more than one of the probable ways.

9. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . Example: How were you able to know about the graduate program of Development Policy offered in De La Salle University? Check all that applies.

10. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . 4. Matrix questions There are instances where a number of questions you intend to ask have the same set of possible answers. Thus, it is possible to construct a matrix of items and answers for the sake of streamlining the survey.

11. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . Example: Qualities of a Good Leader Beside each of the qualities of a good leader, kindly indicate how well the person in inquiry manifests the said quality with 1 being the lowest and 5 as the highest.

12. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . 5. Contingency Questions are intended for certain respondents only, depending on the provided answers. A familiar example would be a follow-up question provided after a respondent agrees to a certain item. A respondent is asked whether they used any illegal drugs or substances. Only those who answered yes are required to answer the succeeding items.

13. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education .

14. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . Keep the questionnaire as short as possible. Ask short, simple, and clearly worded questions. 3. Start with demographic questions to help respondents get started comfortably. Points to remember in crafting survey questions:

15. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . 4. Use dichotomous (yes/no) and multiple choice questions. 5. Use open-ended questions cautiously.

16. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . 6. Avoid using leading-questions. Make your question ask for the other person’s opinion. Do not make it clear what your own opinion is. (this would be called a biased question or a leading question).

17. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . Bad example would be: Fishing is a very cruel pastime. Do you agree? Better question might be: Do you think that fishing is a cruel pastime? A) strongly agree B) agree C) neutral D) disagree E) strongly disagree

18. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . 7. Pre-test a questionnaire on a small number of people. Think about the way you intend to use the collected data when preparing the questionnaire.

19. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . It is time to gather the information and summarize your findings. What you have gathered are now considered as data. Data collection is very important in any type of research study. (Burchfield,1996), (Tim ,1997), (Matt, 2001).

20. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . DATA is referred to as a collection of facts, such as values or measurements, observation or even just descriptions of things. Data can be classified into Primary and Secondary Data.

21. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . Primary data are those that you have collected yourself or the data collected at source or the data originally collected by individuals, focus groups, and a panel of respondents specifically set up by the researcher whose opinions may be sought on specific issues from time to time (Matt, 2001), ( Afonja , 2001).

22. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . Secondary data- research project involves the gathering and/or use of existing data for which they were originally collected, for example, computerized database, company records or archives, government publications, industry analysis offered by the media, information system and computerized or mathematical models of environmental processes and so on (Tim ,1997), (Matt, 2001

23. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . Quantitative Data Qualitative Data TWO KINDS OF DATA

24. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . 1. Quantitative data are mainly numbers. It refers to the information that is collected as, or can be translated into, numbers, which can then be displayed and analyzed mathematically. Quantitative data are Structured and Unstructured in nature. Structured data can be produced by closed questions, unstructured data can be produced by open questions. ( Checkland et al 1998), (Matt, 2001), (Burchfield, 1996), (Anyanwu, 2002)

25. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . 2. Qualitative data is data that is mainly words, sounds or Images. Unlike numbers or “hard data”, qualitative information tends to be “soft,” meaning it can’t always be reduced to something definite. That is in some ways a weakness, but it‟s also a strength. A number may tell (Matt, 2001), ( Afonja , 2001), (Burchfield, 1996)

26. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . There are many ways of summarizing your findings based from the data you have collected. It depends on the type of data you collected. The most common is the tally and frequency table.

27. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . Tally marks are often used to make a frequency distribution table. For example, let’s say you survey a number of families and find out how many gadgets they own. The results are 3, 0, 1, 4, 4, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 2, 0, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3. The frequency distribution table will make the data easier to understand.

28. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education .

29. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . You can also present your data using tables and charts . Pictograph is a way of showing data using images. Each picture represents a certain frequency

30. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education .

31. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . Bar graph is a graphical display of data using bars of different heights

32. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . Pie graph is a special chart that uses "pie slices" to show relative sizes of data.

33. BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Barobo I District Together, we stand for education . There are more ways of summarizing findings. After summarizing your findings, ask yourself, “What did you learn from the data gathered? What do they mean?” Analyze and make a generalization about it. Draft a paragraph or two each finding in your study. State the finding. Tell the reader how the finding is important or relevant to your aim and focus.