GCSE Geography---Tourism and the Economy

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1. Managing economic
development
Tourism and the economy
Why has there been a growth of
holiday destinations?

2. Why has there been a growth in global tourism?
1.Destinations have developed
throughout the world with more
regional airports
2.Airfares have become cheaper
3.People have more money to spend on
holidays
4.People have longer holidays and can
travel to more than one destination on
a holiday
5.The growth of package holidays have
made organizing holidays much
easier
6.People are more aware of foreign
places due to coverage on television
What is a package holiday?
A package holiday is a
holiday were everything is
organised by a travel agent,
including travel,
accommodation, car(s) and
any other services.
One price is paid for the
complete package.
Tourism is the fastest
growing industry in the world
Tourism creates many jobs,
both directly and indirectly
Over development can
damage areas

3. How important are physical factors to
holiday destinations?
Although there has been a growth of holidays to cities, theme parks
and sport, physical factors such as climate and scenery still play a
major part in holiday destinations.
CLIMATE

4. How important are physical factors to
holiday destinations?
SCENERY

5. How important is tourism to LEDCs?
1.Tourism brings in much needed
money
2.The development of tourism can
generate jobs in the building industry
3.Manu people are employed as a
result of tourism (directly or
indirectly)
4.The development of tourism can
improve the local infrastructure
5.Money brought in by tourism can be
used to improve social facilities such
as schools and health centres.

6. Managing economic
development
Tourism and the economy
What are the consequences
of tourism development?

7. The impacts of tourism in Spain
Why did the tourism industry
develop in southern Spain?
•The attractive climate
•Hundreds of miles of beach
•Easy access from European countries
•Relatively low price holidays
•Spectacular scenery
•Good nightlife
Since the 1960’s the Spanish
government realised that tourism
could bring significant economic
benefit to southern Spain and
encouraged its development.
MAP
Positive Impacts
Creation of jobs
Boost to industries linked to tourism
Development of new infrastructure
General increase in living standards
Negative Impacts
Destruction of the environment for
building hotels and resorts
Overdevelopment in some areas
Pollution on beaches and in sea
Over use of resources
Jobs often seasonal and insecure

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8. The impacts of tourism in Spain
The tourism crisis…
By the late 1980s – 1990s it was clear that Spain’s popularity as a holiday
destination was beginning to decline:
1. More resorts were overcrowded with poor accommodation
2. Beaches were dirty and in some areas raw sewage was discharged into the sea
3. Other areas such as Turkey and Greece, provided better quality and cheaper
beach holidays
The regeneration of tourism…
‘A plan for Spanish Tourism’ was implemented by the Ministry of Industry to
regenerate the industry. Measures included:
1.A ban on the building of any new hotels, unless they are 4 or 5 star quality
2.Stricter building regulations that stop the buildings of high rise hotels
3.Upgrading of water supplies and sewage disposal
4.An improvement in sea-water quality and beach cleanliness
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9. The impacts of tourism in Kenya
Kenya is on the east coast of Africa
and was one of the first LEDCs to
develop mass tourism in the 1970’s.
In 1997 over $450 million was
earned from tourism.
Why do tourists go to Kenya?
Natural resources – year round hot
climate, sandy beaches, coral reefs and
wildlife reserves
Man-made resources – well developed
infrastructure and interesting diversity of
cultures such as Masai Mara
Most tourists mix a beach holiday in
Mombassa with a short safari or game
drive.
Nairobi
Mombassa
Tsavo National
Park
(game reserve)
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10. The impacts of tourism in Kenya
Advantages…
Provide a major source of income
and many jobs
Provides a market for local goods
Helps to protect wild animals
Money is used to provide local
schools and healthcare
Disadvantages…
The environment can be damaged by
over-use
Animals can be disturbed
Nomadic tribes forced of their land
Local people can be exploited
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11. Managing economic
development
Tourism and the economy
How can tourism be managed
sustainably?

12. Sustainable Tourism
Sustainable tourism uses tourist resources today in a way that doesn’t
damage them for future visitors and local people.
Environmentally friendly, low impact, low density tourism is an alternative to
mass tourism in most LEDCs. It is a less damaging way to develop tourism.
Ecotourism
The main aims of ecotourism are to…
- Protect the natural environment
- Enable local people to earn money
- Enable the community itself to improve local infrastructure and facilities
- Enable the local community to choose how their tourism industry develops
Ecotourism encourages tourists to explore LEDC tourist areas in small groups,
staying in local accommodation, eating local food, observing local customs and
culture. These holidays are more expensive and try to help conserve the local
environment. Most of the money is returned to the local economy.

13. Ecotourism Kenya
The way ahead….
Due to violent crime, tourist harassment, civil unrest, over-
commercialisation of safaris and destruction of natural resources,
visitor numbers dropped steeply in the 1990’s.
The Kenyan government has introduced a tourist tax for holiday
companies that use its game parks. Sustainable tourism is also
practiced, in the Tsavo National Park temporary camps with limited
power supplies are used, and trails are in small groups using local
people.
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Conservation – the protection and
improvement of natural and human
landscapes
Ecotourism – tourism that does not damage
the local environment or cultures
Sustainability – development that allows
people and environments long-term survival