Gender-based violence-Talk for SHS students

Gender-based violence-Talk for SHS students

1. AGREE OR DISAGREE? Girls should marry early especially in a humanitarian crisis In humanitarian crisis, girls should stay inside the tents/houses to keep them safe It is normal that youth girls fetch for the water and the wood while boys stay with nothing to do In a humanitarian crisis there is no need for girls and boys to continue their education, they should work to support the family economically In a humanitarian crisis, a girl cannot participate in the response to the crisis It is acceptable that boys experience sexual relationships A boy even younger than his sister can have a say on her and should protect her .

2. What is early marriage? 1. Early marriage is when a youth boy or girl marries earlier than 18 years old (the age of majority in most countries). In some countries the society pushes for early marriage of youth as early as 10 years old for instance. Some countries have issued laws that specify the legal age of marriage. However, sometimes although laws exist they are not activated. In your opinion, usually why people marry early in your society? Did these reasons change because of the humanitarian crisis? What do youth affected by a humanitarian situation feel if they are to be married early? How would they react? When would you like to marry? Why ?

3. POWER? Power can be real or perceived, and is directly related to choice. The more power you have the more choices are available. The less power, the fewer choices. Gender-based violence involves the abuse of power. Unequal power relationships are exploited or abused. Not all people with power abuse their power. VIOLENCE? Violence is defined by WHO as “The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment or deprivation. The definition encompasses interpersonal violence as well as suicidal behavior and armed conflict. It also covers a wide range of acts, going beyond physical acts to include threats and intimidation. Besides death and injury, the definition also includes the myriad and often less obvious consequences of violent behavior, such as psychological harm, deprivation and maldevelopment that compromise the well-being of individuals, families and communities” ,WHO 2002.

4. CUP OF TEA VIDEO.

5. What are Human Rights? Human rights are universal, inalienable, indivisible, interconnected and interdependent. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms, without discrimination of any kind. Gender-based violence is a violation of the human rights. These rights include : - The right to life, liberty and security of person - The right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health - The right to freedom from torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment - The right to freedom of opinion and expression, to education, to social security and to personal development

6. What is Gender-Based Violence? GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE always involves some sort of force or violence. Force might be physical, emotional, social or economical in nature, it can involve pressure or bullying. Force also includes intimidation, threats and persecution. The target of such violence is compelled to behave as you ask them to or to do what you ask them to do because they are afraid of real and harmful consequences. For example threats of killing.

7. GENDER Because the violence occurs based on gender roles, expectations, limitations. GBV therefore affect females in most societies the most as discrimination and violence against females occurs because they do not have power compared to their male counterparts POWER Because GBV always involves the ABUSE of power VIOLENCE/USE OF FORCE Because GBV always involves some sort of force, real or perceived INFORMED CONSENT Because there is a lack of informed consent HUMAN RIGHTS Because all acts of GBV are violations of fundamental human rights that everyone are entitled to.

8. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE Gender-based Violence is an umbrella term for any harmful act that is perpetrated against a person’s will, and that is based on socially ascribed (gender) differences between males and females. Acts of GBV violate a number of universal human rights protected by international instruments and conventions. Many but not all forms of GBV are illegal and criminal acts in national laws and policies. Around the world, GBV has a greater impact on women and girls than on men and boys. The term “gender-based violence” is often used interchangeably with the term “violence against women.” The term “gender-based violence” highlights the gender dimension of these types of acts; in other words, the relationship between females’ subordinate status in society and their increased vulnerability to violence. It is important to note, however, that men and boys may also be victims of gender-based violence, especially sexual violence. The nature and extent of specific types of GBV vary across cultures, countries, and regions.

9. THE TREE OF VIOLENCE PSYCHOLOGICAL/ EMOTIONAL /MENTAL ECONOMICAL HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES SEXUAL PHYSICAL CAUSES/ CONTRIBUTING FACTORS CONSEQUENCES

10. Sexual violence: Harassment Rape Sodomy Attempted rape Marital rape Abuse/exploitation Child sexual abuse/incest Sexual abuse (non-penetrating) Forced prostitution, willing but involuntary, child prostitution Sexual trafficking

11. Physical Violence: Beating Kicking Biting Assault Use of weapons Spouse beating/domestic violence

12. Emotional/Psychological/Mental Verbal Emotional abuse Humiliation Discrimination Denial of opportunities Spouse confinement

13. Economical Refusal to pay education/health Taking away salary earned by a woman/wife Denying education or giving education only to boy children

14. Harmful Traditional Practices (this will wary greatly from culture to culture, but make sure that participants are able to at least identify 5 different types of harmful traditional practices in their societies) FGM/C Early/Forced Marriage Honour killings Dowry abuse Widow ceremonies/widow inheritance Punishments for crimes against culture Unequal inheritance/lack of inheritance Exchange of women for peace Forced to marry the rapist Son preference/killing baby girls/not celebrating when getting a baby girl

15. Root causes lie in a society’s attitudes towards and practices of gender discrimination – which are gender roles, responsibilities, limitations, privileges and opportunities given to each individual according to gender. Contributing factors increase the risk of GBV and influence the type and extent of GBV in each setting. Contributing factors do not cause GBV. Contributing factors include alcohol/drugs – for example the beer itself does not hit women – it is the man who hit women because he believes he is allowed to do so because he is more worthy than women. The man’s belief lays in society, not in the beer.

16. ROOT CAUSES OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE: Men’s attitudes or disrespect or disregard towards women Society’s attitudes or disrespect or disregard towards women Lack of belief in equality of human rights for all Cultural/social norms of gender inequality Lack of value of women Lack of value of women’s work CONTRIBUTING FACTORS INCLUDES BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: Alcohol and drug abuse Poverty Availability of food, fuel, wood, income Boredom, lack of services, activities, programmes Camp leadership is predominately male, women’s security issues are not considered in decisions Collapse of traditional norms Religious/cultural or family beliefs General lawlessness War Lack of laws Lack of implementation of laws Lack of police and/or other security enforces

17. Health consequences are serious and potentially life threatening: Fatal outcomes Homicide Suicide Maternal mortality Infant mortality AIDS related mortality Acute physical: Injuries Shock Diseases Infections Chronic physical Disability Chronic infections Eating disorders Sleep disorders Alcohol and drug abuse Reproductive Miscarriage Unwanted pregnancies as a result of rape Unsafe abortions Sexually transmitted infections HIV Menstrual disorders Pregnancy complications Infertility Fistula

18. Psychological/mental/emotional consequences: Post traumatic stress Depression Anxiety Fear Anger Shame Insecurity Self-hate Self-blame Mental illness Suicidal thoughts, behaviour, attempts   Social consequences Society blames the victim/survivor Loss of ability to function in society Loss of ability to work/earn income Social stigma Social rejection and isolation Rejection by husband and family