Gender bias ppt.ppt of bed semester 2 and 1st year

Bed notes

1. Gender bias, Gender stereotyping,
and Empowerment

2. Bias
Discrimination is defined as distinguishing
differences between things or treating
someone as inferior based on their race, sex,
national origin, age or other characteristics.
Bias is an inclination to hold a skewed or
prejudiced opinion of something or someone
— objects, individuals, or groups. Bias can
be positive or negative.

3. Gender bias
Gender bias is a preference or
prejudice toward one gender over the
other. Bias can be conscious or
unconscious, and may manifest in
many ways, both subtle and obvious.  

4. Gender bias
Causes of gender disparity:
1.Poverty
2. Illiteracy
3.Lack of Employment Facilities
4.Social Customs, Beliefs and
 Practices
5. Social Attitude
6. Lack of Awareness of Women

5. Areas - Gender bias

6. Remedy-Gender bias
•Offering high-level education
•Social integration
•Increasing women employment
•Involving them in active politics and social
activities
•Arranging social protection programmes
•Generating awareness among parents

7. Remedy-Gender bias
•Giving scholarships to girls
•Spreading awareness against child abuse and
violence
•Stopping sex identification and abortions
•Social welfare developments by politicians
•Promoting NGOs to eradicate Gender
Inequality
•Helping them become tech-savvy

8. Gender Stereotyping
A gender stereotype is a generalised view
or preconception about attributes or
characteristics that are or ought to be
possessed by, or the roles that are or
should be performed by women and men.

9. Gender Stereotyping
A gender stereotype is harmful when it
limits women’s and men’s capacity to
develop their personal abilities, pursue
their professional careers and make
choices about their lives and life plans.

10. Gender Stereotyping-Definition
Gender stereotyping refers to the practice
of ascribing to an individual woman or man
specific attributes, characteristics, or roles
by reason only of her or his membership in
the social group of women or men. Gender
stereotyping is wrongful when it results in
a violation or violations of human rights
and fundamental freedoms.

11. Gender Stereotyping-Definition
Gender stereotyping are preconceived ideas
whereby males and females are arbitrarily
assigned characteristics and roles
determined and limited by their sex.

12. Gender Stereotyping
International human rights law places a
legal obligation on States to eliminate
discrimination against women and men in
all areas of their lives. This obligation
requires States to take measures to
address gender stereotypes both in public
and private life as well as to refrain from
stereotyping.

13. Gender Stereotyping
The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
provides in its article 5 that, “State Parties shall
take all appropriate measures to modify the social
and cultural patterns of conduct of men and
women, with a view to achieving the elimination
of prejudices and customs and all other practices
which are based on the idea of the inferiority or
the superiority of either of the sexes or on
stereotyped roles for men and women.”

14. Combating Gender Stereotyping
•A conscious effort on the part of society to
change attitudes is a prerequisite for an
inclusive society.
•Education plays a central role in this process.
•Schools occupy a unique position in society,
and the role of the school is fundamental in
promoting gender equality.
.

15. Combating Gender Stereotyping
•By raising awareness, broadening
horizons, confronting misinformation
•expanding the knowledge base to include
the scholarship of women as well as men
•offering new models of behaviour, the
school can be seen as an instrument for
positive change.

16. Empowerment-Meaning
Empowerment is the process that allows one
to gain the knowledge, skill-sets and attitude
needed to cope with the changing world and
the circumstances in which one lives.

17. Empowerment-Meaning
Women Empowerment 
refers to
increasing and improving the social,
economic, political and legal strength of
the women, to ensure equal-right to
women, and to make them confident
enough to claim their rights .

18. Dimensions of Empowerment

19. Economic Dimension
Dimension Household Community Other Areas
EconomicWomen’s
control over
income;
relative
contribution to
family
support;
access to and
control of
family
resources
Women’s
access to
employment;
ownership of
assets and land;
access to
credit;
involvement /or
representation
in local trade
associations,
etc
Women’s
representation
in high paying
jobs;
women CEO’s;
representation
of women’s
economic
interests in
economic
policies, etc.

20. Socio-Cultural Dimension
DimensionHousehold Community Other Areas
Socio-
cultural
Women’s
freedom of
movement;
lack of
discrimination
against
daughters;
commitment
to educating
daughters
Women’s visibility
in and
access to social
spaces;
access to modern
transportation;
participation
in extra-familial
groups and
social networks;
shift in
patriarchal norms.
Women’s
literacy and
access to a
broad range
of
educational
options;
Positive
media images
of
women, their
roles and
contributions.

21. Familial/ Interpersonal Dimension
DimensionHousehold Community Other Areas
Familial Participation in
domestic
decision-
making; control
over sexual
relations;
ability to make
childbearing
decisions,
marriage
timing;
freedom from
violence
Shifts in
marriage and
kinship
systems
indicating
greater value
and autonomy
for women
(e.g. later
marriages, etc)
Regional/national
trends
in timing of
marriage,
options for
divorce;
political, legal,
religious
support for such
shifts; systems
providing
easy access to
contraception, etc

22. Legal Dimension
DimensionHousehold Community Other Areas
Legal Knowledge of
legal
rights;
domestic
support
for exercising
rights
Community
mobilization
for rights;
campaigns for
rights
awareness;
effective
local
enforcement
of legal
rights
Laws supporting
women’s
rights, access to
resources
and options;
Advocacy for
rights and
legislation; use
of judicial system
to
redress rights
violations

23. Political Dimension
DimensionHousehold Community Other Areas
PoliticalKnowledge of
political
system and
means of
access to it;
domestic
support for
political
engagement;
exercising
right to vote
Women’s
involvement or
mobilization in the
local
political
system/campaigns;
support for specific
candidates or
legislation;
representation in
local
Government
Women’s
representation
in regional and
national
government;
strength as a
voting bloc;
representation of
women’s
interests in
effective
lobbies and
interest groups

24. Psychological Dimension
Dimension Household Community Other Areas
PsychologicalSelf-esteem;
self-efficacy;
psychological
well-being
Collective
awareness of
injustice,
potential of
mobilization
Women’s
sense of
inclusion and
entitlement;
systemic
acceptance of
women’s
entitlement and
inclusion

25. Empowerment -Definition
•Empowerment is an expansion in
individual‘s agency i.e. expansion in one‘s
ability to act and bring about change,
whose achievement can be judged in
terms of her own values and objectives.
Sen(1999)

26. Empowerment -Definition
•Empowerment refers to the processes by
which those who has been denied the ability
to make choices acquire such an ability, that
means people who exercise a great deal of
choice in their lives may be very powerful,
but they are not empowered in the sense
they have never empowered at first place.
(Kabeer,2005)

27. Elements of Empowerment
Empowerment
Agency(Power
to act upon
ones own
defining goals)

28. Empowerment enables women to :
•freely live their life with a sense of self-
worth, respect and dignity
•have complete control of their life, both
within and outside of their home and
workplace
•to make their own choices and decisions,
•have equal rights to participate in social,
religious and public activities

29. Empowerment enables women to :
contd…..
•have equal social status in the society
•have equal rights for social and economic
justice
•determine financial and economic choices,
•get equal opportunity for education
•get equal employment opportunity without
any gender bias
•get safe and comfortable working
environment

30. Why Women Empowerment is
Important?
1. Under-employed and unemployed
2. Equally competent and intelligent
3. Talented
4. Overall development of society
5. Economic Benefits
6. Reduction in domestic violence
7. Reduction in corruption 
8. Reduce Poverty
9. National Development

31. How to bring change?
•Women Education
•Teaching job skills/manual skills
•Build self-esteem and confidence
•Boost decision-making power
•Improve health conditions
•Awareness programmes should be floated on
posters, and media houses
• The government at all levels should fund literacy
programmes.
•Create safe workplaces
•Raise voice against gender inequality
 
•Create more part-time job opportunities