General Physics Motion Types Speed and Acceleration

Lesson slides about the different types of motion, speed, velocity, graphs, acceleration and sample problems involving speed velocity and acceleration

1. MOTION

2. If the position of an object does not change as time passes,
it is said to be at rest

3. If the position of an object changes as time passes,
it is said to be in motion

4. TYPES OF
MOTION

5. PROJECTILE
MOTIONCURVILINEAR
MOTION
OSCILLATORY
MOTION
LINEAR MOTION
ROTATIONAL
MOTION FREE FALL
CIRCULAR
MOTION

6. LINEAR MOTION
The motion of an object along
a straight path is called a
linear motion.

7. A train moving on a straight rail track
Vehicles moving on a straight highway
Sprinters running on an athletic track
Motion of a bowling ball on alley

8. FREE FALL
The motion of an object along a
vertical line under the action of
gravity only is called a free fall.

9. Motion of a released stone
Motion of a falling cliff jumper
Motion of a falling bungee jumper
Motion of dripping water droplets

10. CURVILINEAR MOTION
The motion of an object along
a curved path is called a
curvilinear motion.

11. Motion of a car on a curved road
Motion of a roller coaster
Motion of fighter jets in a parade
Motion of our body on water slides

12. PROJECTILE MOTION
The motion of an object along
a parabolic path under the action
of gravity only is called a
projectile motion.

13. Motion of snowboarder from a ramp
Motion of water in laminar jet fountains
Motion of thrown basketball towards post
Motion of man fired from human cannon

14. CIRCULAR MOTION
The motion of an object along
a circular path is called a
circular motion.

15. Motion of planets around the sun
Motion of riders in well of death
Motion of moon around the earth
Motion of passengers in swing ride

16. ROTATIONAL MOTION
The Spinning motion of an
object about its center of axis
is called a rotational motion.

17. Motion of a spinning top
Motion of a ferris wheel
Motion of a merry go round
Motion of a ceiling fan

18. OSCILLATORY MOTION
The to and fro motion of an
object about a fixed point
is called an oscillatory motion.

19. Motion of a needle bar
Swinging motion of a bell
Motion of a playground swing
Motion of the pendulum of a clock

21. Chapter 1: Motion
Section 1: Describing and Measuring Motion
How do you recognize motion?

22. Chapter 1: Motion
Section 1: Describing and Measuring Motion
How do you recognize motion?
⚫An object is in motion
when its distance from
another object is changing

23. Chapter 1: Motion
Section 1: Describing and Measuring Motion
How do you recognize motion?
⚫Movement depends on your point of view
⚫Frame of reference

24. What is a reference point?
Frame of Reference
⚫A place or object used for comparison
to determine if something is in motion
⚫An object is in motion if it changes
position relative to a reference point

25. How do scientists calculate speed?
⚫Speed – the distance the object
travels in one unit of time
⚫Rate – tells you the amount of
something that occurs or
changes in one unit of time
⚫Speed = distance
time

27. What is constant speed?
⚫If the speed of
an object does
not change, the
object is traveling
at a constant
speed

28. What is average speed?
⚫Most objects do
not move at
constant speeds
for very long
⚫To find average
speed divide the
total distance by
the total time
•Car trip

29. What is Velocity?
⚫Speed in a given
direction
⚫When you know the
speed and direction of
an object’s motion, you
know the velocity of the
object
⚫Example: 15 km/hour
westward

31. How do you graph motion?
⚫You can show the
motion of an object
on a line graph in
which you plot
distance against
time
⚫Time is along the x-
axis and distance on
the y-axis

32. How do you interpret motion graphs?
⚫A straight line indicates
a constant speed
⚫The steepness depends
on how quickly or slowly
the object is moving
⚫The faster the motion
the steeper the slope

33. How can you calculate the distance an object has
moved?
⚫Rearrange the speed formula
⚫Distance = Speed x Time
⚫Converting units – choose a
conversion factor that will allow you
to cancel units
D
S T

34. Practice
1)Megan rolls a ball down a ramp until the ball hits the
wall. The ramp is 2.5 m long and the distance from the
end of the ramp to the wall is 1.5 m. If it took 0.5
seconds for the ball to hit the wall then what is the ball’s
speed?
2)If took 3.5 hours for a train to travel the distance
between two cities at a velocity of 120 km/h. How far
did the train travel between the two cities?
3)How long would it take for a car to travel 200 km if it is
traveling at a velocity of 55 km/h?

35. Section 3: Acceleration
What is Acceleration?
⚫The rate at which
velocity changes
⚫In science,
acceleration refers to:
⚫increasing speed
⚫decreasing speed
⚫changing direction

36. Acceleration
⚫Whenever an objects speed
increases, the object
accelerates.
⚫Pitcher throwing a softball
⚫Car moving from a stopped
position

37. Acceleration
⚫Whenever an objects speed
SLOWS DOWN, the object
decelerates or has negative
acceleration.
⚫Softball landing in the catcher’s
glove.
⚫Car stopping at a red light.

38. Acceleration
⚫Acceleration can be a change in
direction as well as a change in
speed.
⚫Runners accelerate as the round a curve
⚫car accelerates as it follows a curve in
the road
⚫a softball accelerates as it is hit by a
bat.

39. Acceleration
⚫Many objects continuously change direction without
changing speed.
⚫Circular motion – a motion along a circular
path.
⚫Ex. Seats on a Ferris wheel

40. Stop and Think
⚫How can a car be accelerating if its speed
is constant at 65 km/hr?

41. How do you calculate acceleration?
⚫To determine the acceleration rate of an
object, you must calculate the change
in velocity during each unit of time
⚫Acceleration = Final velocity – Initial velocity
Time

44. How do you interpret graphs to determine
acceleration?
⚫The acceleration at any moment is equal
to the slope of the velocity time graph at
that moment in time
Acceleration vs. Constant speed

45. A roller coaster car rapidly picks up speed as it rolls down
a slope. As it starts down the slope, its speed is 4 m/s.
But 3 seconds later, at the bottom of the slope, its speed
is 22 m/s. What is its average acceleration?

46. A car advertisement states that a certain car can
accelerate from rest to 70 km/h in 7 seconds. Find
the car’s average acceleration.

47. A parachute on a racing dragster opens and
changes the speed of the car from 85 m/s to 45
m/s in a period of 4.5 seconds. What is the
acceleration of the dragster?

48. You are traveling in a car that is moving at a velocity of 20 m/s.
Suddenly, a car 10 meters in front of you slams on its brakes. At
that moment, you also slam on your brakes and slow to 5 m/s.
Calculate the acceleration if it took 2 seconds to slow your car
down.

49. If a Ferrari, with an initial velocity of 10 m/s, accelerates
at a rate of 50 m/s
2
for 3 seconds, what will its final
velocity be?

50. Tim rolled a bowling ball down a lane in 2.5 s. The ball traveled
at a constant acceleration of 1.8 m/s
2
down the lane and was
traveling at a speed of 7.6 m/s by the time it reached the pins at
the end of the lane. How fast was the ball going when it left
Tim’s hand?

51. A car traveling at a speed of 30.0 m/s encounters
an emergency and comes to a complete stop. How
much time will it take for the car to stop if its
deceleration is – 4.0 m/s
2
?

52. A mountain goat starts a rock slide and the rocks
crash down the slope 100. m. If the rocks reach
the bottom in 5.00 s, what is their acceleration?

53. 1)Dominic Roth is in a roller coaster car, which rapidly picks up speed as it rolls down
a slope. As it starts down the slope, its speed is 4 m/s. But 3 seconds later, at the
bottom of the slope, his speed is 22 m/s. What is its average acceleration?
2)Connor dribbles the ball from one end of the court to the other. With an initial
speed of 0 m/s and final speed of 14 m/s, he accelerates at a rate of 2 m/s
2
. How
long does it take Connor to get from one end of the court to the other?
3)A train is accelerating at a rate of 2 m/s
2
. If its initial velocity is 20 m/s, what is its
velocity after 30 seconds?
4)A bus moving at 20 m/s slows at a rate of 4 m/s each second. How long does it take
the bus to stop?
5)A student skis down a hill, accelerating at a constant 2 m/s
2
. If it takes her 15 s to
reach the bottom, what is the length of the slope?
6)A parachute on a racing dragster opens and changes the speed of the car from 85
m/s to 45 m/s in a period of 4.5 seconds. What is the acceleration of the dragster?