genetics.pptxstudy of genetics,heriditary diseases

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1. Pharmacology Pharmacon : Drug  Logos:study . It is defined as the study of substances which interact with living system,by activating or inhibiting body processes.

2. Pharmacokinetics

3. Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics What the body does to the drug. Absorption Distribution to blood, interstitial and intracellular fluids. What the drug does to body. Unoccupied receptor does not influence intracellular process. Occupied receptor changes physical and chemical properties, which leads to interaction with cellular molecules to cause a biological response.

4. Pharmacodynamics

5. pharmacokinetics Absorption Distribution Metabolism Elimination From the site of Administration to the plasma. Drug may reversibly leave the blood stream and distribute to the interstitial and intracellur fluids. By Liver,Kidney and other organs Removed from the body by urine,bile and feces.

6. DRUG RECEPTORS Interaction of Receptors with Ligands involves the formation of chemical bonds , most commonly Electrostatic Hydrogen bonds Van der Waals forces. So the Drug action mainly depends on the exact fit of ligand atom, with the complementary Receptor atom. These non covalent bonds are inversely,related to the distance between interacting atoms.

7. Covalent Bonds Alpha blocker Phenoxybenzamine Acetyl choline esterase inhibitor of organophosphate class.

8. Lock and Key model or concept Ligand =key Receptor=lock Opening the Lock or Ligand=Activation of the Receptor. High degree of Specificity.

9. INDUCED FIT MODEL Induced fit model ,largely replaced by Lock and Key Model. In the presence of Ligand, the Receptor undergoes a conformational change,to bind to ligand. The change of conformation by of agonist with the receptor,which leads to pharmacological response Then main difference is,receptor is flexible,not rigid asimplied by lock and key model.

10. Intracellular effect Ligand gated ion channel Changes in membrane potential or ionic concentration within the cell. Ligand binds to the Extracellular domain of the ligand channel Eg:Cholinergic nicotinic receptor Ligand or drug ,binds to domain of serpentine receptor, which is coupled to G protein,so Gprotein coupled receptors.Alpha ,beta and gamma conformational changes. Alpha and Beta adeno receptors. Protein phosphorylation.

11. Enzyme linked Receptor Protein and Receptor phosphorylation as insulin receptors. It activate kinase enzyme Intra cellular Receptors Intracellular receptor Protein phosphorylation and altered gene expression for intracellat effect.