GENITAL WART JOURNAL-..study of serum.levels of kisspeptin and interferon beta in the patients of genital wart.

Genital wart and the levels of kisspeptin and interferon beta

1. STUDY OF SERUM LEVELS OF KISSPEPTIN AND INTERFERON-beta IN GENITAL WART PATIENTS by Dr.A.V.GURUPRAKASH Junior resident,Dept of Dermatology

2. Study was published in IJSTD, June 6, 2023 Done in Departments of Dermatology and Andrology and Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt. STUDY PERIOD- DECEMBER 2021-APRIL 2022

3. INTRODUCTION Genital Wart is a viral infection caused by Human Papilloma Virus(HPV) affecting genital mucosa and the surrounding skin. Approximately 90% of Genital wart cases are caused by HPV types 6 and 11. The most carcinogenic viruses are HPV‑16 and HPV‑18. Transmitted primarily through sexual contact. It is the most common sexually transmitted disease worldwide

4. OBJECTIVE of the Study To evaluate the serum levels of KISSPEPTIN and INTERFERON-beta in genital wart patients in comparison with the healthy participants.

5. STUDY POPULATION INCLUSION CRITERIA Immunocompetent patients with newly diagnosed Genital wart EXCLUSION CRITERIA Before and around the age of puberty Precocious/Delayed puberty Fertility disorders Viral infections- AIDS, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C Other sexually Transmitted Infection

6. METHODOLOGY Hospital based -Case Control Study. C omparing the blood levels of kisspeptin and interferon-beta in the patients with genital wart with healthy participants. INVESTIGATION METHOD:- ELISA

7. SAMPLE SIZE

8. LABORATORY INVESTIGATION 2ml of venous blood was drawn. Centrifuged at1000 x g for 15 mins after being allowed to clot for 30 minutes. Seperated serum was stored at -80 Levels of Kisspeptin and Interferon-beta was measured using ELISA.

9. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Analyzed by SPSS version 23. Analytical Statistics included the Chi-square test,Mann Whitney test,Spearman’s Correlation with P=0.005 A value of P<0.005 considered statistically significant.

10. RESULTS VARIABLE CASE-40 CONTROL-40 P(Value) Mean±SD 204.2±156.2 54.7±18.5 <0.001 ** Median 129.4 49.5 VARIABLE CASE-40 CONTROL-40 P(Value) Mean±SD 66.8±18.2 180.2±131.0 <0.001** Median 67.8 131.1 KISSPEPTIN INTERFERON-beta

11. RESULTS KISSPEPTIN was higher in cases than controls. Interferon-beta level was lower in cases than controls. There is no significant relationship between Kisspeptin and Interferon-beta levels with sex,onset,course and shape of wart (P>0.05).

12. DISCUSSION Genital Wart (GW) studies are done as it has the highest incidence and most common sexually transmitted disease worldwide. It allows better understanding of immune cells involvement in the course of the disease and might lead to the find better treatment strategies.

13. DISCUSSION Why KISSPEPTIN? Neuropeptide encoded by the KISS‑1 gene involved in Puberty and Fertility regulation. Kisspeptin  new virus‑induced neuropeptide has a part in immunological modulation. It was found that the primary receptor for the neuropeptide hormone kisspeptin, GPR54, is crucial for controlling immunological response through the regulation of interferon secretion.

14. DISCUSSION Why Interferon-beta? In response to the attack by various viruses, host cells create and release signaling proteins known as interferons, which alter the immune system’s response to viral infections. Patients with Condyloma Lata showed impressive improvements after Interferon therapy.

15. CONCLUSION The observed elevated kisspeptin level in patients with GWs,which was correlated with a reduction in interferon‑beta level,may indicate a novel understanding of the pathogenesis of viral infection. Further studies encompassing every stage of the kisspeptin/GPR54 pathway are necessary.

16. O Kisspeptin level-Increased and IFN-beta level-Decreased in Patients with Genital wart

17. PROS Proper widespread sample selection. Equal gender distribution. No risk factors or interventions involved.

18. LIMITATIONS Small sample size Single centre study Only two inflammatory indicators were studied

19. CRITICAL APPRAISAL Whether the aim and objective of the study is clear ? YES Was the Study design appropriate for stated objective ? YES. Was the Sample size justified ? No,The sample size was small. Were the Exclusion criteria mentioned ? YES,clearly mentioned.

20. CRITICAL APPRAISAL Was it clear about what was used to determine statistical significance ? YES Were the Author’s discussion and conclusion justified by the results ? Yes Was ethical approval or consent of participants obtained? Yes,Ethical clearance was taken prior to conducting the study. Were confounding factors identified? No there is no explanation about the confounding factors.

21. Can this study be applied in our Instituition ?? Yes,Provided the needed investigation kit is available

22. COMMENTS Kisspeptin and Interferon-beta levels measurement aids in the understanding of immunological modulation in the Genital Wart patients. Further studies involving these proteins with large sample population will provide more useful information about diagnostic importance of Kisspeptin levels and IFN-beta levels.

23. REFERENCES

24. Thank You