Genus-_Ancylostoma.pdf parasitology lecture

good knowedge about parasitlogy

1. Genus : Ancylostoma
DrR. K. Sharma
Asstt. Professor
Deptt. of Veterinary Parasitology
Bihar veterinary College Patna

2. Ancylostoma: morphology
TheparasiteiscommonlyknownastheOldWorldhookworm.
Itlivesinthesmallintestineofhostssuchascatsanddogsandhumans.
Itissmall,cylindricalworm,greyish-whiteincolor.
Ithastwoventralplatesontheanteriormarginofthebuccalcapsule.
Eachofthemhastwolargeteeththatarefusedattheirbases.
Apairofsmallteethcanbefoundinthedepthsofthebuccalcapsule.
Malesare8–11mmlongwithacopulatorybursaattheposteriorend.
Femalesare10–13mmlong,withthevulvalocatedattheposteriorend.

3. Source-Google
Ancylostoma Dr. R.K. Sharma

4. Source -Google
Ancylostoma Dr. R.K.Sharma

5. Ancylostoma: Life cycle
TheinfectiveL3larvapenetratestheskin,mostcommonlythroughthefeet.
Thelarvaentersthesystemiccirculation.
Itisthencarriedtothelungs,breaksintoalveoli,ascendsthebronchiandtrachea.
Thencoughedupandswallowedbackintothesmallintestine,whereitmatures.
Thelarvalatermaturesintoanadultinthesmallintestinemainlyjejunum.
Wheretheyattachtothevilliandfemalewormscanlaymassivenumberofeggsper
day.
Theseeggsarereleasedintothefecesandresideonsoilandhatchesafter1to2days.
Theselarvamoultstwiceandbecomesthird-stageinfectivelarvawithin5–10days.
Thelarvaecanthenpenetratetheexposedskinofanotherorganismandbeginanew
cycleofinfection.

6. Source -Google
Source -Google Ancylostoma: Life cycle in dog Dr. R.K.Sharma

7. Source -Google
Source -Google Cutaneous Larval Migrans Dr. R.K.Sharma

8. Source -Google
Source -Google Cutaneous Larval Migrans Dr. R.K.Sharma

9. Source -Google
Source -Google Cutaneous Larval Migrans Dr. R.K.Sharma

10. Source -Google
Source -Google Cutaneous Larval Migrans Dr. R.K.Sharma

11. Ancylostoma: Clinical signs
Abdominal pain.
Colic, or cramping and excessive crying in human infants.
Intestinal cramps.
Nausea.
A fever.
Blood and mucus in faeces.
Aloss of appetite.
Itchyrash

12. Ancylostoma: Pathogenesis
Alightinfectioncausesabdominalpain,lossofappetite,andgeophagy.
Heavyinfectioncausessevereproteindeficiencyoriron-deficiency
anemia.
Proteindeficiencymayleadtodryskin,edema,andabdominaldistension
fromedema(potbelly).whileiron-deficiencyanemiamightresultin
mentaldullnessandheartfailure.
Inpregnantwomentheparasiteinfectthefoetusandcancause
complicationssuchaslowbirthweight,maternalanemia,andinfant
mortality.
Inseverecasesthereisanemia.

13. Source -Google
Source -Google Canine hookworm dermatitis Dr. R.K.Sharma

14. Source -Google
Source -Google C L M in leg region Dr. R.K.Sharma

15. Ancylostoma: Diagnosis
Thestandardmethodfordiagnosingthepresenceofhookwormisby
identifyinghookwormeggsinafaecalsampleusingamicroscope.
Aconcentrationprocedureisrecommended,becauseeggsmaybe
difficulttofindinlightinfections.

16. Source -Google
Source -Google Eggs of Ancylostomaspp. Dr. R.K.Sharma

17. Ancylostoma: Prevention & control
Education,improvedsanitation,andcontrolleddisposalofhumanfeces
areimportant.
Wearingshoesinendemicareascanreducetheprevalenceofinfection,
andminimizethechaceof‘Wateritch’or‘Grounditch’.
A.duodenalecanbetreatedwithalbendazole,mebendazole,and
benzimidazoles.Pyrantelpamoateisanalternative.
Inseverecasesofanemia,bloodtransfusionmaybenecessary.