Geography grade 11 soil erosion presentation

Soil erosion is the removal of the top layer of soil. It is caused by various factors, namely, wind, water and gravity. Human processes also contribute to deforestation and overgrazing, removing the top layer of fertile soil.

1. SOIL EROSION GRADE 11 GEOGRAPHY PRESENTED BY: MKHONZA S 222112534

2. LESSON OBJECTIVES 1 Define erosion 2 Describe the different causes of soil erosion 3 Discuss the impacts of soil erosion

3. WHAT IS SOIL EROSION? The denudation or the removal of the top layer of fertile soil caused by water, ice or wind (Borelli et al, 2020).

4. CAUSES OF SOIL EROSION WATER EROSION WIND EROSION MASS WASTING OVERGRAZING DEFORESTATION

5. WATER EROSION Water erosion is the removal of soil by water after heavy rainfalls and transportation of the eroded materials away from the point of removal to the deposition points such as rivers(Bhat et al, 2019).

6. MASS WASTING Occurs when soil and rocks gradually move down a slope due to gravity (Azuelo, 2014).

7. WIND EROSION When strong winds blow, the topsoil along with the organic matter is carried away by the wind (Thapa, 2015). This happens more often when the land is not covered with grass or plants.

8. OVERGRAZING When cattle are allowed to graze on the same field repeatedly, feeding on all the available grass, leaving topsoil vulnerable to water and wind erosion (Thapa, 2015).

9. DEFORESTATION The cutting down or removal of trees by people for various purposes such as using the wood for fire or to make paper and for construction purposes, this leaves the soil exposed to vulnerable to water and wind(Thapa, 2015).

10. EFFECTS OF SOIL EROSION (Mahlangu, 2021) Poor soil quality (infertile soil) causing food insecurity Pollution of water bodies caused by material eroded by water Loss of habitats for organismms such as earthworms

11. MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES (Engine, 2014) © Slideshare, Erosion Terracing Limits surface runoff and repopulates the ground therefore preventing soil erosion. © Slideshare, Afforestation environment management Afforestation Planting more trees prevents surface runoff and soil from being exposed.

12. THANK YOU!!!!

13. REFERENCES Azuelo, I.L. (2014). Erosion. Available from Slideshare at https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/erosion-32624491/32624491 (Accessed 19 August 2024). Bhat, S. A., Dar, M. U. D., & Meena, R. S. (2019). Soil erosion and management strategies. In Springer eBooks (pp. 73–122). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8832-3_3 Borrelli, P., Robinson, D. A., Panagos, P., Lugato, E., Yang, J. E., Alewell, C., Wuepper, D., Montanarella, L., & Ballabio, C. (2020). Land use and climate change impacts on global soil erosion by water (2015-2070). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 117 (36), 21994–22001. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2001403117 Connor, A. O. (2014). Soil Erosion and Conservation. Available from Slideshare at https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/soil-erosion-and-conservation-32294374/32294374 (Accessed 20 August 2024).

14. REFERENCES CONTINUED… Din, S. (2018). Wind erosion. Available from Slideshare at https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/wind-erosion-112543910/112543910 (Accessed 19 August 2024). Engine, M. (2014). Soil erosion. Available from Slideshare at https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/soil-erosion-30083094/30083094 (Accessed 19 August 2024). Mahlangu, M. (2021). Soil processs and soil erosion. Available from Slideshare at https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/soil-processes-and-soil-ersoion/250054593 (Accessed 10 August 2024). Thapa, B. (2015). Soil erosion. Available from Slideshare at ps://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/soil-erosion-56196103/56196103 (Accessed 19 August 2024). Thukral, S. (2024). Afforestation environment management. Available from SLideshare at https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/afforestation-environment-managemntpptx/266286828 (Accessed 20 August 2024).