Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide Workshop notes

Outline for post graduate course workshop exercises 2020

1. Fundamentals of Geological Storage of CO2 ( GEOL00943 ) WORKSHOPS Geodirect Dr George Carman June 2018

2. Group/ Workshop Exercises 4 x afternoons Working on real petroleum basin data Site screening (mod4) site selection (mod4) site characterisation (mods 4,5) site risk assessment (mod 6) data gap analysis (mod8) DESCRIPTION OF THE STORAGE FORMATION (mod8) Group Work 40% Individual Work 60%

3. Assessment Criteria Description of a Storage Formation ( 60% -5x 12%) Use of the source material Structure and development of the text (including use of templates, figures, tables and maps) Academic writing style appropriate for the task Grammatical correctness Transparency on issues/risks, data gaps after http://www.cshe.unimelb.edu.au/archived/assessinglearning/04/case19.html 001 FOGS Introduction: Intellectual Property of Geodirect Resource Pty Ltd @2016 3

4. WORKSHOP DAY1 Personal Skills Profiles Form Breakout Teams Princeton University Wedges Game Familiarisation with GoogleEarth Pro Australian Basin Screening- National Carbon Task Force

5. Stabilisation Wedges Workshop Resources

6. Colour Codes

7. Label Label Label Label Label Label Label Label

8. Double the fuel efficiency of the world’s cars or halve miles traveled Produce today’s electric capacity with double today’s efficiency Use best efficiency practices in all residential and commercial buildings Replacing all the world’s incandescent bulbs with CFL’s would provide 1/4 of one wedge Efficiency There are about 600 million cars today, with 2 billion projected for 2055 Average coal plant efficiency is 32% today E, T, H / $ Photos courtesy of Ford Motor Co., DOE, EPA Sector s affected: E = Electricity, T =Transport, H = Heat Cost based on scale of $ to $$$

9. Substitute 1400 natural gas electric plants for an equal number of coal-fired facilities A wedge requires an amount of natural gas equal to that used for all purposes today Fuel Switching Photo by J.C. Willett (U.S. Geological Survey). E, H / $

10. Implement CCS at 800 GW coal electric plants or 1600 GW natural gas electric plants or 180 coal synfuels plants or 10 times today’s capacity of hydrogen plants Graphic courtesy of Alberta Geological Survey Carbon Capture & Storage There are currently three storage projects that each inject 1 million tons of CO 2 per year – by 2055 need 3500. E, T, H / $$

11. Triple the world’s nuclear electricity capacity by 2060 Nuclear Electricity Graphic courtesy of NRC The rate of installation required for a wedge from electricity is equal to the global rate of nuclear expansion from 1975-1990. E/ $$

12. Wind Electricity Install 1 million 2 MW windmills to replace coal-based electricity, OR Use 2 million windmills to produce hydrogen fuel Photo courtesy of DOE A wedge worth of wind electricity will require increasing current capacity by a factor of 10 E, T, H / $-$$

13. Solar Electricity Photos courtesy of DOE Photovoltaics Program Install 20,000 square kilometers for dedicated use by 2060 A wedge of solar electricity would mean increasing current capacity 100 times E / $$$

14. Biofuels Photo courtesy of NREL Using current practices, one wedge requires planting an area the size of India with biofuels crops Scale up current global ethanol production by ~12 times T, H / $$

15. Natural Sinks Photos courtesy of NREL, SUNY Stonybrook, United Nations FAO Eliminate tropical deforestation OR Plant new forests over an area the size of the continental U.S. OR Use conservation tillage on all cropland (1600 Mha) B / $ Conservation tillage is currently practiced on less than 10% of global cropland

16. Stabilization Wedges Tackling the Climate Problem with Existing Technologies This presentation is based on the “Stabilization Wedges” concept first presented in "Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the next 50 Years with Current Technologies,” S. Pacala and R. Socolow, Science, August 13, 2004. Please credit the Carbon Mitigation Initiative, Princeton University

17. Billions of Tons Carbon Emitted per Year Historical emissions 8 16 1950 2000 2050 2100 Historical Emissions

18. 1.6 Interim Goal Billions of Tons Carbon Emitted per Year Current path = “ramp ” Historical emissions Flat path Stabilization Triangle 8 16 1950 2000 2050 2100 The Stabilization Triangle

19. 1.6 Interim Goal Billions of Tons Carbon Emitted per Year Current path = “ramp ” Historical emissions Flat path Stabilization Triangle 8 16 1950 2000 2050 2100 The Stabilization Triangle Tougher CO 2 target ~500 ppm ~850 ppm Easier CO 2 target

20. 1.6 Billions of Tons Carbon Emitted per Year Current path = “ramp ” Historical emissions Flat path 8 16 1950 2000 2050 2100 Stabilization Wedges 16 GtC/y Eight “wedges” Goal: In 50 years, same global emissions as today

21. What is a “Wedge”? A “wedge” is a strategy to reduce carbon emissions that grows in 50 years from zero to 1.0 GtC/yr. The strategy has already been commercialized at scale somewhere. 1 GtC/yr 50 years Total = 25 Gigatons carbon Cumulatively, a wedge redirects the flow of 25 GtC in its first 50 years. This is 2.5 trillion dollars at $100/tC. A “solution” to the CO 2 problem should provide at least one wedge.

22. Energy Efficiency & Conservation Stabilization Triangle Renewables & Biostorage 15 Wedge Strategies in 4 Categories Nuclear Power 2010 2060 Triangle Stabilization Fossil Fuel-Based Strategies

23. Take Home Messages In order to avoid a doubling of atmospheric CO 2 , we need to rapidly deploy low-carbon energy technologies and/or enhance natural sinks We already have an adequate portfolio of technologies to make large cuts in emissions No one technology can do the whole job – a variety of strategies will need to be used to stay on a path that avoids a CO 2 doubling Every “wedge” has associated impacts and costs

24. MONDAY   Checkrun Googlearth and plot world projects from GCCSI and load Some data from an Aussie project     MONDAY 4 Screen Aussie basins, locate familiarise with SW HUB Zerogen , CarbonNet, Gorgon--- Summaries hi level     Open GoogleEarth and familiarise with navigation Google the WWW and find some International Projects Visit the sites in Google Eartth and Street View (on the ground…) Locate the GE CCS Projects in the Workshop Resources Pack and explore WORKSHOP DAY1-Part 2

25. WORKSHOP DAY 2 SITE SELECTION- characterisation Review Gippsland Basin Data, wells, structure map Compile a PI of Prospective Storage in Ms.XSL Calculate Static Volumes Rank the PI of Stores

26. Lecture Notes (007 Site Selection) Posters Publications (next time) Legislation DNV-RP-J203 WORKSHOP DAY 2 RESOURCES

27. Used in Petroleum Industry since 1990 200 Companies worldwide 16 Companies in Australia

28. WORKSHOP DAY 4- RISK ASSESSMENT Break out Groups to identify the RISKS associated with their Storage Site WHAT ARE YOU RISKING? (Conceptualise the Geological Model, Storage Complex and an Appraisal Plan) Groups present their Risk Summary Identification of Mitigation Options Re-Rank PI of Stores

29. WORKSHOP DAY 5 Break out Groups to consolidate characterisation of Storage Formation (Storage Complex) Complete / re-visit risks INDIVIDUALS to COMMENCE WRITE UP A DESCRIPTION OF THE STORAGE FORMATION Skills Profile – Re-Assessment

30. Lecture Notes Posters Key International Projects Quest DECC UKCCS x5 CarbonNet SW Hub Legislation DNV-RP-J203 WORKSHOP DAY 5 RESOURCES

31. Description of Storage Formation** Australian Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006 Page 52 ** Discuss versus Storage Complex 006.1 FOGS Best Practices Regulations: Intellectual Property of Geodirect Resources @2016

32. Geology Geochemistry Geomechanics Fluid dynamics seismicity Injectivity Legacy infrastructure 006.1 FOGS Best Practices Regulations: Intellectual Property of Geodirect Resources @2016

33. Geology Geochemistry Geomechanics Fluid dynamics Seismicity Injectivity Legacy infrastructure WORKSHOP Written Exercise Prepare written Description of the Geology of a Storage Formation ( following the Regulations guidelines) TEXT min 1500 words (max 2500) ILLUSTRATIONS no more than 2 maps 1 cross section 2 data tables You may have difficulty finding information on reactivity and fracture gradient – No penalty Please place emphasis on addressing the sections marked with ** Transparency on issues, risk and data gaps ** ** ** ** ** ** Storage Concept Containment/security ** 006.1 FOGS Best Practices Regulations: Intellectual Property of Geodirect Resources @2016