GOVERNOR system study of automobile engineering

Gorverning system study

1. GOVERNING SYSTEM

2. GOVERNING SYSTEM
•Thegoverningsysteminaninternalcombustion(IC)
enginecontrolstheengine'sspeedandpower
outputtoensureitoperateswithinspecifiedlimits
andmaintainsaconsistentspeedundervarying
loads.Thissystemusesacombinationoffuel
supply,air-fuelmixture,ignitiontiming,andthrottle
controltohelptheengineadapttochanging
demandswhilestayingwithinpredefinedlimits.
•Governingmechanismsaredesignedtomaintaina
stableandconsistentenginespeedundervarying
loads,ensuringasmoothandreliablepower
output.

3. TYPES OF GOVERNING
•Quality Governing
•Quantity Governing
•Hit and Miss Governing

4. Functions of Governor in IC engine
•Agovernor'sprimaryfunctionistoregulateanengine's
meanspeed,especiallywhenfacedwithvariationsin
theload.
•Anincreaseintheloadontheengineleadstoa
decreaseinitsspeed,necessitatingacorresponding
increaseinthesupplyofworkingfluid.
•Conversely,whentheloadontheenginedecreases,its
speedincreases,resultinginareducedrequirementfor
workingfluid.
•Thegovernorautomaticallycontrolsthesupplyof
workingfluidtotheengine,adaptingtothevarying
loadconditions,andensuresthatthemeanspeedof
theengineremainswithinspecificlimits.

5. 1.Qualitativegoverning.Inthissystemofgoverning,acontrol
valveisfittedinthefueldeliverypipe,whichcontrolsthe
quantityoffueltobemixedinthecharge.Themovementof
controlvalveisregulatedbythecentrifugalgovernorthrough
rackandpinionarrangement.UsedinDieselengine.
2.Quantitativegoverning.Inthissystemofgoverning,the
qualityofcharge(i.e.air-fuelratioofthemixture)iskept
constant.Butthequantityofmixturesuppliedtotheengine
cylinderisvariedbymeansofathrottlevalvewhichisregulated
bythecentrifugalgovernorthroughrackandpinion
arrangement.UsedinPetrolengine.
3.Hitandmissgoverning.Inthissystemofgoverning,whenever
theenginestartsrunningathigherspeed(duetodecreased
load),someexplosionsareomittedormissed.Thisisdonewith
thehelpofacentrifugalgovernor.Thismethodofgoverningis
widelyusedforI.C.enginesofsmallercapacityorgasengines.

6. CENTRIFUGAL GOVERNOR

9. CENTRIFUGAL MECHANICAL
GOVERNOR

11. CENTRIFUGAL GOVERNOR
•Acentrifugalgovernorisamechanical
governorthatusesafeedbacksystemto
regulatethespeedofanenginebyadjusting
thefuelflow.It'salsoknownasacentrifugal
regulatororfly-ballgovernor.

12. WORKING OF A CENTRIFUGAL GOVERNOR
•Powerissuppliedtothegovernorfromtheengine'soutput
shaftbyabeltorchainconnectedtothelowerbeltwheel.
•Thegovernorisconnectedtoathrottlevalvethatregulates
theflowoffeul-airmixture.
•Asthespeedoftheprimemoverincreases,thecentral
spindleofthegovernorrotatesatafasterrate,andthe
kineticenergyoftheballsincreases.Thisallowsthetwo
massesonleverarmstomoveoutwardsagainstgravity.
•Ifthemotiongoesfarenough,thismotioncausesthelever
armstopulldownonathrustbearing,whichmovesa
beamlinkage,whichreducestheopeningofathrottle
valve.
•Therateofair-fuelmixtreenteringthecylinderisthus
reducedandthespeedoftheprimemoveriscontrolled,
preventingover-speeding.