Grade 10 ppt Elements of story Week 3to.pptx

Grade 10 English Quarter 1

1. English 10 Elements of Short Story JHS Department

2. Most Essential Learning competencies Appraise the unity of plot, setting and characterization in a material viewed to achieve the writer’s purpose

3. Officials expressed doubts concerning the veracity of the story

4. Let’s Review! Use to show comparison and contrast Use to show cause and effect The main purpose is to organize information Best when showing a process or sequence of eventss Venn Diagram Fish bone Diagram Graphic organizer Flow Chart

5. Overview A Short Story is similar to your dish. It needs the best ingredients for you to enjoy its delectable taste. Stories are made up of four important elements: Setting Characters, Plot, and Theme Elements of a Short Story

6. Setting Details can describe: Time of day Time of year Time in History Scenery Weather Location • • • The setting describes where an when the story takes place. It helps build background and create images in the mind. It helps set the tone or mood of the story. Walsh Publishing Co. 2009

7. Setting Tells the reader where and when the story takes place.

8. Every story needs Characters… People Animals Or Creatures Walsh Publishing Co. 2009

9. Characters and Characterization The people, and in some stories, the animals that take part in the story. The description of the personalities of the characters in the story and the way in which an author reveals their personalities.

10. The protagonist is the “good guy” Protagonist – the hero of the story

11. The antagonist is the “bad guy” or force Antagonist – the villain in the story who is always opposing the protagonist

12. Methods of Characterization – speech, thoughts, feelin gs, or actions of the character – speech, thoughts, feelin gs, or actions of other characters Creating Believable Characters Indirect • Direct – physical appearance – the narrator’s direct comments about a character

13. D ir e c t C h a rac t eri z a t i o n • Direct Characterization tells the reader the personality of the character. • It is obvious to the reader and “spells” it right out. Example “The patient boy and the quiet girl were both well behaved and did not disobey their mother.

14. In d ire c t Characterization shows things that reveal the personality of the character. S peech T hought E ffect on Others A ctions L ooks The boy sat next to his sister as she poked him and teased him. He did not react. He carefully picked up her doll from the floor and placed it on her lap saying gently, “Here you go, why don’t you play with your doll?” C h a rac t eri z a t i o n

15. Plot The chain of related events that take place in a story. Built around conflict, which is a struggle between opposing forces.

16. Parts of Plot Exposition - is the beginning of the story Rising Action-The action in the story leading up to the climax. Climax -the peak of the story, turning point Falling Action- where resolution begins; events and complications start to fall into place. Events between climax and denouement. Resolution -the final outcome of the story

17. Exposition: the start of the story, before the action starts Rising Action: the series of events and conflicts in the story that lead to the climax Falling Action: all of the action which follows the climax Resolution: the conclusion, the tying together of all of the threads Plot Components Climax: the turning point, the most intense moment— either mentally or in action

18. Pyramid Pattern of a Plot

19. Theme Ex. Love Family Feud Themes from ‘The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet’ The main idea of a story. It is not a moral, lesson, or a rule for living.

20. Types of Conflict -Man vs. Man -Man vs. Nature -Man vs. Obstacle or Society - Man vs. Supernatural Being -Man vs. Himself

21. Let’s Review! The main idea of a story People, animal, creatures or anything that take part in the story The series of related events of the story It is the where and when of the story Theme Characters Plot Setting

22. External vs. Internal External External Conflict takes place outside of the body Internal Internal Conflict takes place inside of the body/mind

23. External There are three types of external conflict

24. External Man vs. Man The most straightforward type of conflict pits the protagonist directly against another character with apparently opposing aims.

25. External Man vs. Nature This type of conflict pits a story's main character or characters against a natural force such as a flood, predatory animal, or disease epidemic.

26. External Man Against Society In many stories, the protagonist battles an unjust element of government or culture.

27. Internal There is one type of external conflict

28. Internal Man vs. Self Some literary conflicts take the form of a character struggling to overcome fear, addiction, emotional damage or other crippling personal issue.

29. Let’s add two more types of conflict

30. Man vs. Supernatural The central character is challenged by forces that are not of this world. Examples A boy wizard must use his powers to protect his community from evil monsters. A group of teenagers sleep in a haunted house and begin disappearing one by one. EXTERNAL

31. Man vs. Technology The central character struggles with or against the forces of technology. Examples A group of strangers gets stuck in an elevator. A teenage boy is pursued by robots from space that transform into cars. EXTERNAL

32. GROUP TASK Read the given scenarios assigned to your group . In two minutes, identify the conflict presented in the scenarios including the protagonist and the antagonist.

33. Seatwork!

34. 1. What is the sequence of events that tells us what happens in the story? A. Setting B. Character C. Plot D. Theme

35. 2. What part of a story tells us where and when the story takes place? A. Setting B. Character C. Plot D. Theme

36. 3. What conflict is presented by the picture? a. Man vs. man B. Man vs. Nature C. Man vs. Society D. Man vs. Himself

37. 4. “ A long time ago in a faraway land ….This pertains to what? A. Setting B. Character C. Plot D. Theme

38. 5. These are the persons, animals, and things participating in the story. A. Setting B. Character C. Plot D. Theme

39. For those who did not participate in the 1 st PT Look for at least 2 types of non-linear text and paste it on a bondpaper . Write 5 sentences explanation about the data presented in the non-linear text Submission on MONDAY

40. What is Plot? Fig . 1

41. Plot is... Plot is the order of events that make up a story. The plot of a story is a series of interconnected events in which every occurrence has a specific purpose . A plot is all about establishing connections , suggesting causes , and showing

42. Aristotle’s Unified Plot Aristotle described the basic triangle-shaped plot structure, which has a beginning, middle, and end. beginning middle end

43. PLOT is CHARACTER revealed by ACTION. --Aristotle, 350 BCE Fig.2

44. F or Y our information Fig . 3 Gustav Freytag was a 19th- century German playwright and novelist who saw common patterns in the plots of stories and novels and developed a diagram to analyze them.

45. Freytag’s Pyramid Freytag modified Aristotle’s pyramid by adding rising action and falling action, making it a five- part design. rising action falling action exposition climax denoument

46. Freytag’s Pyramid The plot of a story can be mapped using Freytag’s elements of plot: rising action falling action exposition climax denoument complication resolution

47. Elements of Plot Exposition sets the scene. The writer introduces the characters and setting, providing description and background. Complication, sometimes called the inciting incident, is a single event that begins the major conflict. Rising Action builds during the story and gets more exciting. Climax is the moment of greatest tension in the story. Children call this the most exciting part. In Charlotte’s Web , the climax is when the pig survives.

48. Elements of Plot, continued Falling Action happens as a result of the climax and we know that the story will soon end . Resolution is when the character solves the main problem/conflict or someone solves it for him or her. Denouement (French: the action of untying): is the series of events that follow the plot's climax. It is the opposite of the exposition, in that any remaining questions or mysteries that remain after the resolution are solved by the characters or explained by the author. Sometimes the author leaves us to think about the theme or future possibilities for the characters.

49. 5 Types of Plot structure Fig.4

50. 1. Progressive plot This is a chronological structure which first establishes the setting and conflict, then follows the rising action through to a climax (the peak of the action and turning point), and concludes with a denouement. Fig.5

51. 2. Episodic Plot Fig . 6 has a story happens in much extended period of time. -A writers who employs episodic plot frequently uses the technique of “ Flashback” to lay out the background details of the story. Similar to the unifed plot, it has also central character, setting and action

52. 3. Parallel Plot ||||------------|||||-------------||||-------------||||------------||||--------------- Plot line for main character1 -----||||-------------||||-------------||||--------------||||--------------||||------- Plot line for main character 2 Each main character has a separate but related story line that merges in the end. Each segment of the story moves the plot forward in time. An occasional scene may overlap in time, but the general movement should be forward.

53. Parallel Plot, cont. In a parallel plot, the characters might start out together and separate to follow their own paths, or they may not connect until the end. Their story lines are related and the climax occurs when the two (or more) come together at the end. Parallel plots may have more than two main characters. Once each main character is introduced, the writer then returns to the first character and repeats the cycle. Additional examples: School reunions, earthquakes and other natural disasters.

54. 4. Flashback (or flash forward) This structure conveys information about events that occurred earlier. It permits authors to begin the story in the midst of the action but later fill in the background for full understanding of the present events. Flashbacks can occur more than once and in different parts of a story.Remember, To Kill a Mockingbird begins at the end! Fig . 7

55. 5 . Concentric Circles Virginia Woolf’s novels often center on a character and their perceptions of the world, rather than following a traditional linear path. Fig . 8

56. Image Sources Fig. 1 http://pad3.whstatic.com/images/f/fb/Witch's_hat_485.jpg Fig. 2 http://www.philosophypages.com/vy/aris1.jpg Fig. 3 http://www.amv-wangen.org/images/freytag_web.jpg Fig. 4 http://www.condenaststore.com/-sp/It-s-plotted-out-I-just-have-to-write-it-New-Yorker-Cartoon- Prints_i8542726_.htm Fig. 5-7 http://www2.nkfust.edu.tw/~emchen/CLit/study_elements.htm Fig. 8 http://grasshoppermind.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/op-art-circular-chevrons.jpg?w=917

57. Special Techniques of Plot… Suspense - excitement or tension Flashback - interrupts the normal sequence of events to tell about something that happened in the past Surprise Ending- conclusion that reader does not expect And… Foreshadowi ng -advance hint of what is to come later in the story.

58. An author’s purpose is his reason for or intent in writing. An author writes with one of four general purposes in mind:

59. 1. To relate a story or to recount events, an author uses narrative writing. 2. To tell what something looks like, sounds like, or feels like, the author uses descriptive writing

60. 3. To convince a reader to believe an idea or to take a course of action, the author uses persuasive writing. 4. To inform or teach the reader, the author uses expository writing. An author’s purpose is reflected in the way he writes about a topic. For instance, if his purpose is to amuse, he will use jokes or anecdotes in his writing

61. INFORM PERSUADE ENTERTAIN Novels Novels