grade 10: Q1.lesson1 earthquake epicenter).pptx

grade 10: Q1.lesson1 earthquake epicenter).pptx

1. QUARTER 1 Distribution of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Mountain Ranges EARTHQUAKE EPICENTER

2. recall the characteristics of seismic waves in terms of speed; OBJECTIVES explain the triangulation method in locating the epicenter of an earthquake, and locate the earthquake epicenter using the triangulation method

3. What are earthquakes? What causes earthquake? What is the instrument used to measure the magnitude and intensity of an earthquake? How will you differentiate intensity and magnitude? Earthquake is a vibration of the earth produced by the rapid release of energy most often because of the slippage along fault in the Earth’s crust. Volcanic eruptions, asteroids impacts, faults movements, movements of magma and even bomb explosions SEISMOGRAPH Intensity- severity of earthquake shaking is assessed using descriptive scale. Magnitude- Earthquake size is a quantitative measure of the size of the earthquake at its source.

4. An  epicenter  is typically the point on the Earth's surface where the most shaking and damage from an  earthquake  occur. 

5. What can you say about us?

6. a wave  is a disturbance that travels through space and matter transferring energy from one place to another

7. SEISMIC WAVES There are two broad classes of seismic waves: body waves and surface waves. Body waves travel within the body of Earth. They include P, or primary, waves and S, or secondary, waves. P-WAVE S-WAVE vibration generated by an earthquake, explosion, or similar energetic source and propagated within the Earth

8. Seismic waves are  caused by the sudden movement of materials within the Earth, such as slip along a fault during an earthquake . Volcanic eruptions, explosions, landslides, avalanches, and even rushing rivers can also cause seismic waves. 2 TYPES OF SEISMIC WAVES BODY WAVES SURFACE WAVES BODY WAVES waves that can travel through the earth’s interior SURFACEWAVES surface waves are waves that can travel through the surface of the earth. 2 TYPES OF BODY WAVES Primary waves/ P wave secondary or S wave Primary waves or P waves recorded first (the reason why it is called primary) by the seismograph since it is the fastest among the seismic waves. It moves faster than the secondary or S wave. They are considered as compressional waves since they cause compression and dilation of the material that they are traveling through. They can travel through solid, liquid, and gas. They can travel as fast as 1.6 to 8 km/sec or 1 to 5 miles per second in the crust. The ground shakes back and forth along the direction the P-waves are propagating. Secondary waves or S waves the second wave to be recorded by the seismograph. It is also known as the transverse or shear waves. Secondary waves do not cause compression and dilation of materials that it travels through, rather a change in the material’s shape. It is the reason why S waves can travel only in solid materials. These waves can only penetrate solid materials and so they can stop at the liquid layer of the Earth.

9. T he point on the surface of the earth directly above the focus is called the epicenter.  The focus is point inside the earth where the earthquake started, sometimes called the hypocenter

10. Earthquake energy can be recorded on a seismograph, producing a seismogram.

11. WHAT IS TRIANGULATION Triangulation is a way of determining something’s location using the location of other things. It is commonly used by geologists to find the locations of earthquakes and is also used to determine the spacecraft location.

12. STEPS IN DETERMINING THE EARTHQUAKE 1. Determine the difference in the arrival time of P and S waves. 2.Use the triangulation method to locate the center. 3.Obtain data from three different seismological stations. 4.Determine the distance of the epicenter from the station.

13. ACTIVITY TIME!

14. 1. 3. 2. 4.

15. GUIDE QUESTIONS Which of the body waves travel the fastest? slowest? 2. Which of the two seismic waves move to travel the fastest? Why? 3. Why do you think primary and secondary waves are used by the scientists in gathering data about the earthquake epicenter?

16. Let’s try!

17. 1.In the Philippines, are we prepared about the disasters that may hit our community? How do you say so? 2.Why it is a must to conduct earthquake drills in schools, offices, or even at home?

18. ACTIVITY 3

19. TYPE OF PLATE BOUNDARIES HOW DOES IT LOOK LIKE? (DRAW) DESCRIBE EACH TYPE OF PLATE BOUNDARIES IN 3 WORDS CONVERGENT A. continental-continental B. oceanic-oceanic C. oceanic-continental DIVERGENT TRANSFORM

20. STUDY THE PICTURES A TO D. DESCRIBE EACH OF THEM. A B

21. STUDY THE PICTURES A TO D. DESCRIBE EACH OF THEM. C D

22. If you are given a chance to become a cartographer (a person who makes maps) and you are asked to make a map, what legend will you use in order to inform the people about location of different types of plate boundaries? Illustrate your answer in your paper.

23. The wavelength of a wave is the distance between two corresponding points on back-to-back cycles of a wave.

24. The amplitude of a wave is a measure of the displacement of the wave from its rest position.

25. The frequency of a wave is the number of times per second that the wave cycles.