grade-6 - studying the past -HIstory

Grade 6 - studying the past - History

1. Studying the past Social science Grade -6 Presented by Arun kumar & preetham Bengaluru

2. Content Why study history Time frame in History Dates in History Sources of history

3. Why study history? History is made up of events that occurred in the past . But why study about the past The study of the past is important to understand the present

4. Time frame in History History is generally divided into three time period Pre history Proto history and history

5. Pre history The pre historic period is the time when writing had not been invented. Hence there are no written records of this period . Pre history is based entirely on Archaeology . To understand pre history archaeologist dig deep into the ground and dig out the remains of the past This physical remains such as pots , jewellery tools , coins , bones etc

6. Proto history The proto historic period is the time for witch we have written records. However they are very few and still cannot be read . So archaeological sources are the main sources of information Example : Indus valley civilization

7. History The time period after the invention of writing is known as History We have records from these period Early writing was done on rocks, pilers , copper plates , clay tables , palm leaves and on the barks of birch trees

8. Dates in History Dates in history are expressed in BC and AD Nowadays , most historians use BCE instead of BC , and CE instead of AD. BCE stands for – Before the common Era CE – stands for Common Era BCE – counted Backwords , for Example ,100 BCE comes before 99 BCE CE – cunted Forword , For example , 99 CE comes before 100 CE

9. The geographical Framework Geography Has played an important role in India a large country Like India has diverse geographical features . There are high mountains , hot deserts , , fertile revers valley and numerous rivers The Himalaya mountains in the north acts as a natural barriers between India and central Asia . The passes in these mountains have acted as roots of content science ancient time .

10. Sources of history Sources can divided into two types ARCHEOLOGICAL SOURCES 2) LITRARY SOURCES Inscription a) religious literature Monuments b) secular literature Artefacts Coins

11. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOURCES Archaeological sources are direct evident . They cannot be changed or alternated by human beings. They are of four types Inscription Monuments Artefacts Coins

12. Inscriptions are the writings on stone, metal or some materials as an important historical source. These are valuable historical evidence of the existence and activities of early kings and empires. ... Inscriptions are writings engraved on solid surfaces such as rocks, metals, pillars and stone structures Inscription

13. A  monument  is a type of structure that was explicitly created to commemorate a person or event, or which has become relevant to a social group as a part of their remembrance of historic times or cultural heritage, due to its artistic, historical, political, technical or architectural importance . Monuments

14. Artefacts The objects that humans made in the past – pottery , tools , ornaments , metal objects , jewellery and weapons are called artefacts , they are found by archaeologists in the course of excavations they give us vital cluse to the past

15. COINS Coins are an extremely valuable source of information they tell us about the reigning period of kings the economy of the kingdom the extent of a kings empire and about trade with other regions coins also throw light on art religion of earlier times

16. LITERARY SOURCES Handwritten records of the past in the form of books are called manuscripts this were usually written on palm leaves and the barks of birch trees due to their fragile nature many manuscripts have been destroyed those that have survived have helped us to know more about the past Literary sources may be divided into 2 types Religious Secular

17. RELIGIOUS LITERATURE Writings which deal with religion are called religious literature many books are based on religious themes the Vedas the Ramayana and Mahabharata the gita and the puranas are important sources of information on ancient India

18. SECULAR LITERATURE Writings which are not religions are called secular literature these include stories, poems ,plays biographic of kings ,accounts of foreign travellers and books on politics and science the arthashastra by kautilya ,the Indica by megastanis , the plays and poems of Kalidas the accounts of Fa Hien and Hiuen tsang and the Sangam literature are some example of secular literature written during the ancient period

19. Presented by Arun kumar & preetham Bengaluru